Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis of the Rib Identified on Bedside Ultrasound

Abstract Background Osteomyelitis is a challenging and commonly considered diagnosis in the emergency department. Early recognition and treatment with appropriate antibiotic therapy is crucial to prevent complications. Objective This case reviews relevant literature and typical ultrasound features of osteomyelitis. It highlights a previously undescribed and practical application of emergency department bedside ultrasonography, adding to the diagnostic armamentarium for this disease process. Case Report A 48-year-old woman presented with fever and left chest wall pain. She had been seen previously for a right axillary abscess requiring incision and drainage. Examination revealed a focal area of chest tenderness without cutaneous changes. Chest x-ray study and laboratory evaluation were nondiagnostic. Bedside ultrasound diagnosed acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of a rib. Conclusions Bedside ultrasound holds great promise in investigating osteomyelitis when suspicion is high and traditional initial testing is nondiagnostic. Further study is required to quantify this benefit in the emergency department setting and explore utility of negative results.