Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis

Abstract Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter produced mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) that has immunomodulatory actions on T cells. As the multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an autoimmune disease of CNS mediated by T cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the im...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Brain, behavior, and immunity behavior, and immunity, 2014-10, Vol.41, p.182-190
Hauptverfasser: Ferreira, Thais B, Barros, Priscila O, Teixeira, Bruna, Cassano, Tatiane, Centurião, Newton, Kasahara, Taissa M, Hygino, Joana, Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F, Filho, Helcio Alvarenga, Alvarenga, Regina, Wing, Ana Cristina, Andrade, Regis M, Andrade, Arnaldo F, Bento, Cleonice A.M
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 190
container_issue
container_start_page 182
container_title Brain, behavior, and immunity
container_volume 41
creator Ferreira, Thais B
Barros, Priscila O
Teixeira, Bruna
Cassano, Tatiane
Centurião, Newton
Kasahara, Taissa M
Hygino, Joana
Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F
Filho, Helcio Alvarenga
Alvarenga, Regina
Wing, Ana Cristina
Andrade, Regis M
Andrade, Arnaldo F
Bento, Cleonice A.M
description Abstract Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter produced mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) that has immunomodulatory actions on T cells. As the multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an autoimmune disease of CNS mediated by T cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of DA on in vitro functional status of T cells from relapsing–remitting (RR)–MS patients. Peripheral T-cells from RR–MS patients were activated by mitogens and cell proliferation and cytokine production were assayed by [3 H]-thymidine uptake and ELISA, respectively. Our results demonstrated that DA enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th17-related cytokines in MS-derived cell cultures. In addition, this catecholamine reduced Treg-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) release by activated CD4+ T cells. These DA-induced effects on T cells were mainly dependent on IL-6 production by both polyclonally-activated CD4+ T cells and LPS-stimulated monocytes. Furthermore, the production of IL-17 and IL-6 by MS-derived T cells was directly related with neurological disability (EDSS score), and the release of these cytokines was less sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition in MS patients than in control group, mainly after DA addition. In conclusion, our data suggest that DA amplifies glucocorticoid-resistant Th17 phenotype in MS patients, and this phenomenon could be, at least in part, due to its ability to induce IL-6 production by monocytes and CD4+ T cells.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.013
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1639987551</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>1_s2_0_S0889159114001354</els_id><sourcerecordid>1562663359</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-9d1da23260cec22435f71c60b5f1752816df07de5938cc70894070dd59b0ff7d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkkuP1DAQhC0EYoeBH8AF-cgloduO8xASElpeK43EgeVsJXZn5SGxBztZ7f57HM3CgQOcfKmvul3VjL1EKBGwfnMsh8GVArAqQZWA8hHbIXRQCJTdY7aDtu0KVB1esGcpHQFASWyfsgtRta0QqHbMfAinfnae-Njfhpg43Z16n1zwPIz8ZlpNMCEuzgRni0jJpaX3C786FNgUpxjsapy_4dfc0DQl7jyf12lxp4l4MhPFkInn7MnYT4lePLx79v3Tx-vLL8Xh6-ery_eHwijEpegs2l5IUYMhI0Ql1digqWFQIzZKtFjbERpLqpOtMQ20XQUNWKu6AcaxsXLPXp99814_V0qLnl3a9uo9hTVprGXXtY1S-H-pqkVdS5ln7RmepSZ_JkUa9Sm6uY_3GkFvNeijzjXorQYNSucaMvPqwX4dZrJ_iN-5Z8Hbs4ByHreOok7GkTdkXSSzaBvcP-3f_UWbyXln-ukH3VM6hjX6HLRGnYQG_W27g-0MsIKMq0r-AjQhrIc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1562663359</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Ferreira, Thais B ; Barros, Priscila O ; Teixeira, Bruna ; Cassano, Tatiane ; Centurião, Newton ; Kasahara, Taissa M ; Hygino, Joana ; Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F ; Filho, Helcio Alvarenga ; Alvarenga, Regina ; Wing, Ana Cristina ; Andrade, Regis M ; Andrade, Arnaldo F ; Bento, Cleonice A.M</creator><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Thais B ; Barros, Priscila O ; Teixeira, Bruna ; Cassano, Tatiane ; Centurião, Newton ; Kasahara, Taissa M ; Hygino, Joana ; Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F ; Filho, Helcio Alvarenga ; Alvarenga, Regina ; Wing, Ana Cristina ; Andrade, Regis M ; Andrade, Arnaldo F ; Bento, Cleonice A.M</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter produced mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) that has immunomodulatory actions on T cells. As the multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an autoimmune disease of CNS mediated by T cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of DA on in vitro functional status of T cells from relapsing–remitting (RR)–MS patients. Peripheral T-cells from RR–MS patients were activated by mitogens and cell proliferation and cytokine production were assayed by [3 H]-thymidine uptake and ELISA, respectively. Our results demonstrated that DA enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th17-related cytokines in MS-derived cell cultures. In addition, this catecholamine reduced Treg-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) release by activated CD4+ T cells. These DA-induced effects on T cells were mainly dependent on IL-6 production by both polyclonally-activated CD4+ T cells and LPS-stimulated monocytes. Furthermore, the production of IL-17 and IL-6 by MS-derived T cells was directly related with neurological disability (EDSS score), and the release of these cytokines was less sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition in MS patients than in control group, mainly after DA addition. In conclusion, our data suggest that DA amplifies glucocorticoid-resistant Th17 phenotype in MS patients, and this phenomenon could be, at least in part, due to its ability to induce IL-6 production by monocytes and CD4+ T cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0889-1591</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2139</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.013</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24882215</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Allergy and Immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; Dopamine ; Dopamine - pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Humans ; IL-10 ; Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis ; Interleukin-10 - genetics ; Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6 - genetics ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes - drug effects ; Monocytes - metabolism ; Multiple sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - metabolism ; Neuroimmunomodulation - physiology ; Phytohemagglutinins - pharmacology ; Psychiatry ; Severity of Illness Index ; T cells ; Th17 ; Th17 Cells - immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2014-10, Vol.41, p.182-190</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2014 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-9d1da23260cec22435f71c60b5f1752816df07de5938cc70894070dd59b0ff7d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-9d1da23260cec22435f71c60b5f1752816df07de5938cc70894070dd59b0ff7d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159114001354$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24882215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Thais B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barros, Priscila O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teixeira, Bruna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cassano, Tatiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Centurião, Newton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kasahara, Taissa M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hygino, Joana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filho, Helcio Alvarenga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarenga, Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wing, Ana Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Regis M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Arnaldo F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bento, Cleonice A.M</creatorcontrib><title>Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis</title><title>Brain, behavior, and immunity</title><addtitle>Brain Behav Immun</addtitle><description>Abstract Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter produced mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) that has immunomodulatory actions on T cells. As the multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an autoimmune disease of CNS mediated by T cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of DA on in vitro functional status of T cells from relapsing–remitting (RR)–MS patients. Peripheral T-cells from RR–MS patients were activated by mitogens and cell proliferation and cytokine production were assayed by [3 H]-thymidine uptake and ELISA, respectively. Our results demonstrated that DA enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th17-related cytokines in MS-derived cell cultures. In addition, this catecholamine reduced Treg-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) release by activated CD4+ T cells. These DA-induced effects on T cells were mainly dependent on IL-6 production by both polyclonally-activated CD4+ T cells and LPS-stimulated monocytes. Furthermore, the production of IL-17 and IL-6 by MS-derived T cells was directly related with neurological disability (EDSS score), and the release of these cytokines was less sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition in MS patients than in control group, mainly after DA addition. In conclusion, our data suggest that DA amplifies glucocorticoid-resistant Th17 phenotype in MS patients, and this phenomenon could be, at least in part, due to its ability to induce IL-6 production by monocytes and CD4+ T cells.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Division</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Dopamine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Drug Resistance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>IL-10</subject><subject>Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Interleukin-10 - genetics</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - genetics</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharide</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Activation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Monocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - immunology</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - metabolism</subject><subject>Neuroimmunomodulation - physiology</subject><subject>Phytohemagglutinins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>Th17</subject><subject>Th17 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0889-1591</issn><issn>1090-2139</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkkuP1DAQhC0EYoeBH8AF-cgloduO8xASElpeK43EgeVsJXZn5SGxBztZ7f57HM3CgQOcfKmvul3VjL1EKBGwfnMsh8GVArAqQZWA8hHbIXRQCJTdY7aDtu0KVB1esGcpHQFASWyfsgtRta0QqHbMfAinfnae-Njfhpg43Z16n1zwPIz8ZlpNMCEuzgRni0jJpaX3C786FNgUpxjsapy_4dfc0DQl7jyf12lxp4l4MhPFkInn7MnYT4lePLx79v3Tx-vLL8Xh6-ery_eHwijEpegs2l5IUYMhI0Ql1digqWFQIzZKtFjbERpLqpOtMQ20XQUNWKu6AcaxsXLPXp99814_V0qLnl3a9uo9hTVprGXXtY1S-H-pqkVdS5ln7RmepSZ_JkUa9Sm6uY_3GkFvNeijzjXorQYNSucaMvPqwX4dZrJ_iN-5Z8Hbs4ByHreOok7GkTdkXSSzaBvcP-3f_UWbyXln-ukH3VM6hjX6HLRGnYQG_W27g-0MsIKMq0r-AjQhrIc</recordid><startdate>20141001</startdate><enddate>20141001</enddate><creator>Ferreira, Thais B</creator><creator>Barros, Priscila O</creator><creator>Teixeira, Bruna</creator><creator>Cassano, Tatiane</creator><creator>Centurião, Newton</creator><creator>Kasahara, Taissa M</creator><creator>Hygino, Joana</creator><creator>Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F</creator><creator>Filho, Helcio Alvarenga</creator><creator>Alvarenga, Regina</creator><creator>Wing, Ana Cristina</creator><creator>Andrade, Regis M</creator><creator>Andrade, Arnaldo F</creator><creator>Bento, Cleonice A.M</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141001</creationdate><title>Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis</title><author>Ferreira, Thais B ; Barros, Priscila O ; Teixeira, Bruna ; Cassano, Tatiane ; Centurião, Newton ; Kasahara, Taissa M ; Hygino, Joana ; Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F ; Filho, Helcio Alvarenga ; Alvarenga, Regina ; Wing, Ana Cristina ; Andrade, Regis M ; Andrade, Arnaldo F ; Bento, Cleonice A.M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-9d1da23260cec22435f71c60b5f1752816df07de5938cc70894070dd59b0ff7d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Division</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Dopamine</topic><topic>Dopamine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Drug Resistance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>IL-10</topic><topic>Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Interleukin-10 - genetics</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - genetics</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharide</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Activation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Monocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Monocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - immunology</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - metabolism</topic><topic>Neuroimmunomodulation - physiology</topic><topic>Phytohemagglutinins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>Th17</topic><topic>Th17 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Thais B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barros, Priscila O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teixeira, Bruna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cassano, Tatiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Centurião, Newton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kasahara, Taissa M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hygino, Joana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filho, Helcio Alvarenga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarenga, Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wing, Ana Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Regis M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Arnaldo F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bento, Cleonice A.M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Brain, behavior, and immunity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ferreira, Thais B</au><au>Barros, Priscila O</au><au>Teixeira, Bruna</au><au>Cassano, Tatiane</au><au>Centurião, Newton</au><au>Kasahara, Taissa M</au><au>Hygino, Joana</au><au>Vasconcelos, Claudia Cristina F</au><au>Filho, Helcio Alvarenga</au><au>Alvarenga, Regina</au><au>Wing, Ana Cristina</au><au>Andrade, Regis M</au><au>Andrade, Arnaldo F</au><au>Bento, Cleonice A.M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis</atitle><jtitle>Brain, behavior, and immunity</jtitle><addtitle>Brain Behav Immun</addtitle><date>2014-10-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>41</volume><spage>182</spage><epage>190</epage><pages>182-190</pages><issn>0889-1591</issn><eissn>1090-2139</eissn><abstract>Abstract Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter produced mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) that has immunomodulatory actions on T cells. As the multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an autoimmune disease of CNS mediated by T cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of DA on in vitro functional status of T cells from relapsing–remitting (RR)–MS patients. Peripheral T-cells from RR–MS patients were activated by mitogens and cell proliferation and cytokine production were assayed by [3 H]-thymidine uptake and ELISA, respectively. Our results demonstrated that DA enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th17-related cytokines in MS-derived cell cultures. In addition, this catecholamine reduced Treg-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) release by activated CD4+ T cells. These DA-induced effects on T cells were mainly dependent on IL-6 production by both polyclonally-activated CD4+ T cells and LPS-stimulated monocytes. Furthermore, the production of IL-17 and IL-6 by MS-derived T cells was directly related with neurological disability (EDSS score), and the release of these cytokines was less sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition in MS patients than in control group, mainly after DA addition. In conclusion, our data suggest that DA amplifies glucocorticoid-resistant Th17 phenotype in MS patients, and this phenomenon could be, at least in part, due to its ability to induce IL-6 production by monocytes and CD4+ T cells.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>24882215</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.013</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0889-1591
ispartof Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2014-10, Vol.41, p.182-190
issn 0889-1591
1090-2139
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1639987551
source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Adult
Allergy and Immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Cell Division
Cells, Cultured
Cytokines
Dopamine
Dopamine - pharmacology
Drug Resistance
Female
Humans
IL-10
Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis
Interleukin-10 - genetics
Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis
Interleukin-6 - genetics
Lipopolysaccharide
Lymphocyte Activation
Male
Middle Aged
Monocytes - drug effects
Monocytes - metabolism
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - immunology
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - metabolism
Neuroimmunomodulation - physiology
Phytohemagglutinins - pharmacology
Psychiatry
Severity of Illness Index
T cells
Th17
Th17 Cells - immunology
Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis
Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics
Young Adult
title Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-07T23%3A06%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dopamine%20favors%20expansion%20of%20glucocorticoid-resistant%20IL-17-producing%20T%20cells%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis&rft.jtitle=Brain,%20behavior,%20and%20immunity&rft.au=Ferreira,%20Thais%20B&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.spage=182&rft.epage=190&rft.pages=182-190&rft.issn=0889-1591&rft.eissn=1090-2139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.013&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1562663359%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1562663359&rft_id=info:pmid/24882215&rft_els_id=1_s2_0_S0889159114001354&rfr_iscdi=true