INPP4B is highly expressed in prostate intermediate cells and its loss of expression in prostate carcinoma predicts for recurrence and poor long term survival

BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently activated in prostate carcinoma due to the loss of tumor suppressor PTEN, which leads to increased Akt activity. Expression of INPP4B, another negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, is also reduced in prostate carcinoma. Howe...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:The Prostate 2015-01, Vol.75 (1), p.92-102
Hauptverfasser: Rynkiewicz, Natalie K., Fedele, Clare G., Chiam, Karen, Gupta, Ruta, Kench, James G., Ooms, Lisa M., McLean, Catriona A., Giles, Graham G., Horvath, Lisa G., Mitchell, Christina A.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 102
container_issue 1
container_start_page 92
container_title The Prostate
container_volume 75
creator Rynkiewicz, Natalie K.
Fedele, Clare G.
Chiam, Karen
Gupta, Ruta
Kench, James G.
Ooms, Lisa M.
McLean, Catriona A.
Giles, Graham G.
Horvath, Lisa G.
Mitchell, Christina A.
description BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently activated in prostate carcinoma due to the loss of tumor suppressor PTEN, which leads to increased Akt activity. Expression of INPP4B, another negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, is also reduced in prostate carcinoma. However, uncertainty exists regarding the association of INPP4B expression and biochemical and clinical relapse of prostate carcinoma. METHODS INPP4B expression in benign prostate acini was analyzed by co‐immunofluorescence with cytokeratins (CK) 5, 8, 19, androgen receptor (AR), c‐MET, chromogranin A and Ki67. INPP4B expression in prostate carcinoma was analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 406). The association of INPP4B with biochemical and clinical prostate carcinoma relapse was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS INPP4B was expressed in luminal epithelium within benign ducts, and was highly expressed in CK5+/CK8+/CK19+/AR−/c‐MET+/Ki67− intermediate cells in proliferative inflammatory atrophic acini. Overall, INPP4B expression was reduced in prostate carcinoma compared to benign epithelium. Absent/low INPP4B expression was associated with reduced biochemical relapse‐free survival (P = 0.01) and increased risk of clinical relapse (P = 0.01). Absence of INPP4B expression was an independent predictor of clinical relapse free survival (P = 0.004) when modeled with Gleason score (P = 0.027) and pathologic stage (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS INPP4B is highly expressed in intermediate cells within proliferative inflammatory atrophic ducts, and expression is reduced in prostate carcinoma. Absence of INPP4B expression is associated with poor outcome following radical prostatectomy, and represents an independent prognostic marker of prostate carcinoma clinical recurrence. Prostate 75:92–102, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/pros.22895
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1634281762</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1634281762</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3925-90f7a522bbb045943d05cff63fd756914f9559650fc9951ad389ea6195ef4e843</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkc9O3DAQxq2qqCy0lz5AZamXXkL93_Gx0EKREKxoqx4tbzIG02y82AllX6bPWmcXkODk8fj3jWe-Qeg9JQeUEPZ5lWI-YKw28hWaUWJ0RYiQr9GMME0qQbneRXs53xBScMLeoF0mWS24UjP07_R8PheHOGR8Ha6uuzWG-1WCnKHFocdT6cENUOIB0hLaMF0a6LqMXV-QIeMu5oyjfxSG2D9TNi41oY9LV1JF3xSFjwknaMaUoG9gU2gVS66L_RWe_sF5THfhznVv0Y53XYZ3D-c--nX87efR9-rs4uT06MtZ1XDDZGWI104ytlgsyuRG8JbIxnvFfaulMlR4I6VRkvjGGEldy2sDTlEjwQsoVuyjT9u6pe3bEfJglyFPY7oe4pgtVVywmmrFCvrxBXoTx9SX7grFjGGKS1KoDw_UuCi22VUKS5fW9tH5AtAt8Dd0sH56p8ROO7WTfXazUzu_vPixiYqm2mpCHuD-SePSH6s019L-Pj-x5uuhlqSureD_AQm6pQA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1629926350</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>INPP4B is highly expressed in prostate intermediate cells and its loss of expression in prostate carcinoma predicts for recurrence and poor long term survival</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K. ; Fedele, Clare G. ; Chiam, Karen ; Gupta, Ruta ; Kench, James G. ; Ooms, Lisa M. ; McLean, Catriona A. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Horvath, Lisa G. ; Mitchell, Christina A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K. ; Fedele, Clare G. ; Chiam, Karen ; Gupta, Ruta ; Kench, James G. ; Ooms, Lisa M. ; McLean, Catriona A. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Horvath, Lisa G. ; Mitchell, Christina A.</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently activated in prostate carcinoma due to the loss of tumor suppressor PTEN, which leads to increased Akt activity. Expression of INPP4B, another negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, is also reduced in prostate carcinoma. However, uncertainty exists regarding the association of INPP4B expression and biochemical and clinical relapse of prostate carcinoma. METHODS INPP4B expression in benign prostate acini was analyzed by co‐immunofluorescence with cytokeratins (CK) 5, 8, 19, androgen receptor (AR), c‐MET, chromogranin A and Ki67. INPP4B expression in prostate carcinoma was analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 406). The association of INPP4B with biochemical and clinical prostate carcinoma relapse was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS INPP4B was expressed in luminal epithelium within benign ducts, and was highly expressed in CK5+/CK8+/CK19+/AR−/c‐MET+/Ki67− intermediate cells in proliferative inflammatory atrophic acini. Overall, INPP4B expression was reduced in prostate carcinoma compared to benign epithelium. Absent/low INPP4B expression was associated with reduced biochemical relapse‐free survival (P = 0.01) and increased risk of clinical relapse (P = 0.01). Absence of INPP4B expression was an independent predictor of clinical relapse free survival (P = 0.004) when modeled with Gleason score (P = 0.027) and pathologic stage (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS INPP4B is highly expressed in intermediate cells within proliferative inflammatory atrophic ducts, and expression is reduced in prostate carcinoma. Absence of INPP4B expression is associated with poor outcome following radical prostatectomy, and represents an independent prognostic marker of prostate carcinoma clinical recurrence. Prostate 75:92–102, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0270-4137</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0045</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/pros.22895</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25284366</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PRSTDS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Chromogranin A - metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; INPP4B ; Keratins - metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen - metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases - metabolism ; PI3K pathway ; Proportional Hazards Models ; prostate atrophy ; prostate carcinoma ; Prostatic Neoplasms - enzymology ; Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality ; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met - metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen - metabolism ; Survival Analysis</subject><ispartof>The Prostate, 2015-01, Vol.75 (1), p.92-102</ispartof><rights>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3925-90f7a522bbb045943d05cff63fd756914f9559650fc9951ad389ea6195ef4e843</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fpros.22895$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fpros.22895$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284366$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fedele, Clare G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiam, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Ruta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kench, James G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ooms, Lisa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLean, Catriona A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giles, Graham G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horvath, Lisa G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Christina A.</creatorcontrib><title>INPP4B is highly expressed in prostate intermediate cells and its loss of expression in prostate carcinoma predicts for recurrence and poor long term survival</title><title>The Prostate</title><addtitle>Prostate</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently activated in prostate carcinoma due to the loss of tumor suppressor PTEN, which leads to increased Akt activity. Expression of INPP4B, another negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, is also reduced in prostate carcinoma. However, uncertainty exists regarding the association of INPP4B expression and biochemical and clinical relapse of prostate carcinoma. METHODS INPP4B expression in benign prostate acini was analyzed by co‐immunofluorescence with cytokeratins (CK) 5, 8, 19, androgen receptor (AR), c‐MET, chromogranin A and Ki67. INPP4B expression in prostate carcinoma was analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 406). The association of INPP4B with biochemical and clinical prostate carcinoma relapse was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS INPP4B was expressed in luminal epithelium within benign ducts, and was highly expressed in CK5+/CK8+/CK19+/AR−/c‐MET+/Ki67− intermediate cells in proliferative inflammatory atrophic acini. Overall, INPP4B expression was reduced in prostate carcinoma compared to benign epithelium. Absent/low INPP4B expression was associated with reduced biochemical relapse‐free survival (P = 0.01) and increased risk of clinical relapse (P = 0.01). Absence of INPP4B expression was an independent predictor of clinical relapse free survival (P = 0.004) when modeled with Gleason score (P = 0.027) and pathologic stage (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS INPP4B is highly expressed in intermediate cells within proliferative inflammatory atrophic ducts, and expression is reduced in prostate carcinoma. Absence of INPP4B expression is associated with poor outcome following radical prostatectomy, and represents an independent prognostic marker of prostate carcinoma clinical recurrence. Prostate 75:92–102, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Chromogranin A - metabolism</subject><subject>Disease-Free Survival</subject><subject>Fluorescent Antibody Technique</subject><subject>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>INPP4B</subject><subject>Keratins - metabolism</subject><subject>Ki-67 Antigen - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</subject><subject>Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases - metabolism</subject><subject>PI3K pathway</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>prostate atrophy</subject><subject>prostate carcinoma</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - enzymology</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Androgen - metabolism</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><issn>0270-4137</issn><issn>1097-0045</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc9O3DAQxq2qqCy0lz5AZamXXkL93_Gx0EKREKxoqx4tbzIG02y82AllX6bPWmcXkODk8fj3jWe-Qeg9JQeUEPZ5lWI-YKw28hWaUWJ0RYiQr9GMME0qQbneRXs53xBScMLeoF0mWS24UjP07_R8PheHOGR8Ha6uuzWG-1WCnKHFocdT6cENUOIB0hLaMF0a6LqMXV-QIeMu5oyjfxSG2D9TNi41oY9LV1JF3xSFjwknaMaUoG9gU2gVS66L_RWe_sF5THfhznVv0Y53XYZ3D-c--nX87efR9-rs4uT06MtZ1XDDZGWI104ytlgsyuRG8JbIxnvFfaulMlR4I6VRkvjGGEldy2sDTlEjwQsoVuyjT9u6pe3bEfJglyFPY7oe4pgtVVywmmrFCvrxBXoTx9SX7grFjGGKS1KoDw_UuCi22VUKS5fW9tH5AtAt8Dd0sH56p8ROO7WTfXazUzu_vPixiYqm2mpCHuD-SePSH6s019L-Pj-x5uuhlqSureD_AQm6pQA</recordid><startdate>201501</startdate><enddate>201501</enddate><creator>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K.</creator><creator>Fedele, Clare G.</creator><creator>Chiam, Karen</creator><creator>Gupta, Ruta</creator><creator>Kench, James G.</creator><creator>Ooms, Lisa M.</creator><creator>McLean, Catriona A.</creator><creator>Giles, Graham G.</creator><creator>Horvath, Lisa G.</creator><creator>Mitchell, Christina A.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201501</creationdate><title>INPP4B is highly expressed in prostate intermediate cells and its loss of expression in prostate carcinoma predicts for recurrence and poor long term survival</title><author>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K. ; Fedele, Clare G. ; Chiam, Karen ; Gupta, Ruta ; Kench, James G. ; Ooms, Lisa M. ; McLean, Catriona A. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Horvath, Lisa G. ; Mitchell, Christina A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3925-90f7a522bbb045943d05cff63fd756914f9559650fc9951ad389ea6195ef4e843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Chromogranin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Disease-Free Survival</topic><topic>Fluorescent Antibody Technique</topic><topic>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>INPP4B</topic><topic>Keratins - metabolism</topic><topic>Ki-67 Antigen - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</topic><topic>Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases - metabolism</topic><topic>PI3K pathway</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>prostate atrophy</topic><topic>prostate carcinoma</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - enzymology</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptors, Androgen - metabolism</topic><topic>Survival Analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fedele, Clare G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiam, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gupta, Ruta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kench, James G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ooms, Lisa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLean, Catriona A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giles, Graham G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horvath, Lisa G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Christina A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Prostate</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rynkiewicz, Natalie K.</au><au>Fedele, Clare G.</au><au>Chiam, Karen</au><au>Gupta, Ruta</au><au>Kench, James G.</au><au>Ooms, Lisa M.</au><au>McLean, Catriona A.</au><au>Giles, Graham G.</au><au>Horvath, Lisa G.</au><au>Mitchell, Christina A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>INPP4B is highly expressed in prostate intermediate cells and its loss of expression in prostate carcinoma predicts for recurrence and poor long term survival</atitle><jtitle>The Prostate</jtitle><addtitle>Prostate</addtitle><date>2015-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>92</spage><epage>102</epage><pages>92-102</pages><issn>0270-4137</issn><eissn>1097-0045</eissn><coden>PRSTDS</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently activated in prostate carcinoma due to the loss of tumor suppressor PTEN, which leads to increased Akt activity. Expression of INPP4B, another negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, is also reduced in prostate carcinoma. However, uncertainty exists regarding the association of INPP4B expression and biochemical and clinical relapse of prostate carcinoma. METHODS INPP4B expression in benign prostate acini was analyzed by co‐immunofluorescence with cytokeratins (CK) 5, 8, 19, androgen receptor (AR), c‐MET, chromogranin A and Ki67. INPP4B expression in prostate carcinoma was analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 406). The association of INPP4B with biochemical and clinical prostate carcinoma relapse was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS INPP4B was expressed in luminal epithelium within benign ducts, and was highly expressed in CK5+/CK8+/CK19+/AR−/c‐MET+/Ki67− intermediate cells in proliferative inflammatory atrophic acini. Overall, INPP4B expression was reduced in prostate carcinoma compared to benign epithelium. Absent/low INPP4B expression was associated with reduced biochemical relapse‐free survival (P = 0.01) and increased risk of clinical relapse (P = 0.01). Absence of INPP4B expression was an independent predictor of clinical relapse free survival (P = 0.004) when modeled with Gleason score (P = 0.027) and pathologic stage (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS INPP4B is highly expressed in intermediate cells within proliferative inflammatory atrophic ducts, and expression is reduced in prostate carcinoma. Absence of INPP4B expression is associated with poor outcome following radical prostatectomy, and represents an independent prognostic marker of prostate carcinoma clinical recurrence. Prostate 75:92–102, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25284366</pmid><doi>10.1002/pros.22895</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0270-4137
ispartof The Prostate, 2015-01, Vol.75 (1), p.92-102
issn 0270-4137
1097-0045
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1634281762
source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Adult
Aged
Chromogranin A - metabolism
Disease-Free Survival
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
Humans
INPP4B
Keratins - metabolism
Ki-67 Antigen - metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases - metabolism
PI3K pathway
Proportional Hazards Models
prostate atrophy
prostate carcinoma
Prostatic Neoplasms - enzymology
Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality
Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met - metabolism
Receptors, Androgen - metabolism
Survival Analysis
title INPP4B is highly expressed in prostate intermediate cells and its loss of expression in prostate carcinoma predicts for recurrence and poor long term survival
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-04T10%3A41%3A35IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=INPP4B%20is%20highly%20expressed%20in%20prostate%20intermediate%20cells%20and%20its%20loss%20of%20expression%20in%20prostate%20carcinoma%20predicts%20for%20recurrence%20and%20poor%20long%20term%20survival&rft.jtitle=The%20Prostate&rft.au=Rynkiewicz,%20Natalie%20K.&rft.date=2015-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.epage=102&rft.pages=92-102&rft.issn=0270-4137&rft.eissn=1097-0045&rft.coden=PRSTDS&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/pros.22895&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1634281762%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1629926350&rft_id=info:pmid/25284366&rfr_iscdi=true