The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) Study—Resistance Training and/or Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Sham Controlled Trial
Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised int...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2014-12, Vol.15 (12), p.873-880 |
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| creator | Fiatarone Singh, Maria A., MD Gates, Nicola, PhD Saigal, Nidhi, MPH Wilson, Guy C., MS Meiklejohn, Jacinda, BS Brodaty, Henry, MBBS Wen, Wei, PhD Singh, Nalin, MBBS Baune, Bernhard T., PhD Suo, Chao, PhD Baker, Michael K., PhD Foroughi, Nasim, PhD Wang, Yi, PhD Sachdev, Perminder S., PhD Valenzuela, Michael, PhD |
| description | Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2–3 days/week for 6 months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) −0.33 (−0.73, 0.06); P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010 |
| format | Article |
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Methods The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2–3 days/week for 6 months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) −0.33 (−0.73, 0.06); P < .05] at 6 months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P = .016) across 18 months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [ P < .03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6 months ( P < .02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher ( P = .02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change = 0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (−0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher ( P < .04) for Global Domain [z-score change = .0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1525-8610</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-9375</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25444575</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy ; cognitive training ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medical Education ; Middle Aged ; Mild cognitive impairment ; Neuropsychological Tests ; resistance training ; Resistance Training - methods ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2014-12, Vol.15 (12), p.873-880</ispartof><rights>AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine</rights><rights>2014 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c530t-d6a0db185dcad8037e53d3d3c1764dcadd9bcbc0bfaf7f1a9fd839dadc2435df3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c530t-d6a0db185dcad8037e53d3d3c1764dcadd9bcbc0bfaf7f1a9fd839dadc2435df3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861014006124$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25444575$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fiatarone Singh, Maria A., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gates, Nicola, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saigal, Nidhi, MPH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Guy C., MS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meiklejohn, Jacinda, BS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brodaty, Henry, MBBS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Wei, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Nalin, MBBS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baune, Bernhard T., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suo, Chao, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Michael K., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foroughi, Nasim, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yi, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sachdev, Perminder S., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valenzuela, Michael, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) Study—Resistance Training and/or Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Sham Controlled Trial</title><title>Journal of the American Medical Directors Association</title><addtitle>J Am Med Dir Assoc</addtitle><description>Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2–3 days/week for 6 months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) −0.33 (−0.73, 0.06); P < .05] at 6 months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P = .016) across 18 months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [ P < .03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6 months ( P < .02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher ( P = .02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change = 0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (−0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher ( P < .04) for Global Domain [z-score change = .0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months.</description><subject>Activities of Daily Living</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy</subject><subject>cognitive training</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Education</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mild cognitive impairment</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>resistance training</subject><subject>Resistance Training - methods</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>1525-8610</issn><issn>1538-9375</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUttu1DAUjBCIXuALkJAfi9SkdhLnglSkZSlQqSuk3eXZcuyT1sGxFzuptDzxEXxQv6VfUoctUCEk5AdfzswZeeZE0QuCE4JJcdIlHe8lT1JM8gTXCSb4UbRPaFbFdVbSx9M5pXFVELwXHXjfYRygdfE02ktpnue0pPvRzfoK0GoY5RbZFi3ADFwjbiRagld-4EYAWjuujDKX6Gi1mC3Xr3b42-8__oUJ3BPr0NxeGjWo6wcVZdBCafmgdN5vuHJ9EH2NZmgZqLZX30Aeo3d2bDTEb7Uyf26rK94Hthmc1Rpk6Ky4fhY9abn28Px-P4w-vz9bzz_GF58-nM9nF7GgGR5iWXAsG1JRKbiscFYCzWRYgpRFPr3JuhGNwE3L27IlvG5lldWSS5HmGZVtdhgd7fpunP06gh9Yr7wArbkBO3pGirSuaV7lVYBmO6hw1nsHLds41XO3ZQSzKTrWsZ_RsSk6hmsWogusl_cCY9OD_M35lVUAnO4AEL55rcAxLxQE86VyIAYmrfqPwJu_-CLYqwTXX2ALvrOjM8FBRphPGWaraXqm4SE5xgUJNtwBkBrEaw</recordid><startdate>20141201</startdate><enddate>20141201</enddate><creator>Fiatarone Singh, Maria A., MD</creator><creator>Gates, Nicola, PhD</creator><creator>Saigal, Nidhi, MPH</creator><creator>Wilson, Guy C., MS</creator><creator>Meiklejohn, Jacinda, BS</creator><creator>Brodaty, Henry, MBBS</creator><creator>Wen, Wei, PhD</creator><creator>Singh, Nalin, MBBS</creator><creator>Baune, Bernhard T., PhD</creator><creator>Suo, Chao, PhD</creator><creator>Baker, Michael K., PhD</creator><creator>Foroughi, Nasim, PhD</creator><creator>Wang, Yi, PhD</creator><creator>Sachdev, Perminder S., PhD</creator><creator>Valenzuela, Michael, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141201</creationdate><title>The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) Study—Resistance Training and/or Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Sham Controlled Trial</title><author>Fiatarone Singh, Maria A., MD ; Gates, Nicola, PhD ; Saigal, Nidhi, MPH ; Wilson, Guy C., MS ; Meiklejohn, Jacinda, BS ; Brodaty, Henry, MBBS ; Wen, Wei, PhD ; Singh, Nalin, MBBS ; Baune, Bernhard T., PhD ; Suo, Chao, PhD ; Baker, Michael K., PhD ; Foroughi, Nasim, PhD ; Wang, Yi, PhD ; Sachdev, Perminder S., PhD ; Valenzuela, Michael, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c530t-d6a0db185dcad8037e53d3d3c1764dcadd9bcbc0bfaf7f1a9fd839dadc2435df3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Activities of Daily Living</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy</topic><topic>cognitive training</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Education</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mild cognitive impairment</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>resistance training</topic><topic>Resistance Training - methods</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fiatarone Singh, Maria A., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gates, Nicola, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saigal, Nidhi, MPH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Guy C., MS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meiklejohn, Jacinda, BS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brodaty, Henry, MBBS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wen, Wei, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Nalin, MBBS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baune, Bernhard T., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suo, Chao, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Michael K., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foroughi, Nasim, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yi, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sachdev, Perminder S., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valenzuela, Michael, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Medical Directors Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fiatarone Singh, Maria A., MD</au><au>Gates, Nicola, PhD</au><au>Saigal, Nidhi, MPH</au><au>Wilson, Guy C., MS</au><au>Meiklejohn, Jacinda, BS</au><au>Brodaty, Henry, MBBS</au><au>Wen, Wei, PhD</au><au>Singh, Nalin, MBBS</au><au>Baune, Bernhard T., PhD</au><au>Suo, Chao, PhD</au><au>Baker, Michael K., PhD</au><au>Foroughi, Nasim, PhD</au><au>Wang, Yi, PhD</au><au>Sachdev, Perminder S., PhD</au><au>Valenzuela, Michael, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) Study—Resistance Training and/or Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Sham Controlled Trial</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Medical Directors Association</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Med Dir Assoc</addtitle><date>2014-12-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>873</spage><epage>880</epage><pages>873-880</pages><issn>1525-8610</issn><eissn>1538-9375</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2–3 days/week for 6 months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) −0.33 (−0.73, 0.06); P < .05] at 6 months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P = .016) across 18 months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [ P < .03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6 months ( P < .02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher ( P = .02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change = 0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (−0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher ( P < .04) for Global Domain [z-score change = .0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25444575</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Activities of Daily Living Aged Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy cognitive training Double-Blind Method Female Humans Internal Medicine Male Medical Education Middle Aged Mild cognitive impairment Neuropsychological Tests resistance training Resistance Training - methods Treatment Outcome |
| title | The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) Study—Resistance Training and/or Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Sham Controlled Trial |
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