Occurrence and expression of bacterial human virulence gene homologues in natural soil bacteria
Abstract The presence and in vitro expression of homologues to 22 bacterial human virulence determinants amongst culturable soil bacteria were investigated. About 25% of the bacterial isolates contained virulence gene homologues representing toxin (hblA, cytK2), adhesin (fimH), regulator (phoQ) and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | FEMS microbiology ecology 2014-11, Vol.90 (2), p.520-532 |
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| creator | Søborg, Ditte A. Hendriksen, Niels Bohse Kroer, Niels |
| description | Abstract
The presence and in vitro expression of homologues to 22 bacterial human virulence determinants amongst culturable soil bacteria were investigated. About 25% of the bacterial isolates contained virulence gene homologues representing toxin (hblA, cytK2), adhesin (fimH), regulator (phoQ) and resistance (yfbI) determinants in pathogenic bacteria. The homologues of the toxin genes were found in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (hblA), and in Firmicutes and Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria (cytK2). The homologues to the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene, fimH, and the L-Ara4N transferase gene, yfbI, were observed in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria. The regulator gene, phoQ, was only found in Gammaproteobacteria. The presence of cytK2 in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, fimH in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and hblA in Actinobacteria has not previously been described. A close sequence similarity (84–100%) was observed between the genes of environmental and clinical isolates, and expression assays suggested that the genes in some cases were expressed in vitro. The presence of functional virulence gene homologues underpins their importance for the survival of environmental bacteria. Furthermore, the high degree of sequence conservation to clinical sequences indicates that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emerging pathogens.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1574-6941.12413 |
| format | Article |
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The presence and in vitro expression of homologues to 22 bacterial human virulence determinants amongst culturable soil bacteria were investigated. About 25% of the bacterial isolates contained virulence gene homologues representing toxin (hblA, cytK2), adhesin (fimH), regulator (phoQ) and resistance (yfbI) determinants in pathogenic bacteria. The homologues of the toxin genes were found in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (hblA), and in Firmicutes and Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria (cytK2). The homologues to the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene, fimH, and the L-Ara4N transferase gene, yfbI, were observed in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria. The regulator gene, phoQ, was only found in Gammaproteobacteria. The presence of cytK2 in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, fimH in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and hblA in Actinobacteria has not previously been described. A close sequence similarity (84–100%) was observed between the genes of environmental and clinical isolates, and expression assays suggested that the genes in some cases were expressed in vitro. The presence of functional virulence gene homologues underpins their importance for the survival of environmental bacteria. Furthermore, the high degree of sequence conservation to clinical sequences indicates that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emerging pathogens.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-6496</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1574-6941</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12413</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25118010</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FMECEZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Actinobacteria ; Actinobacteria - classification ; Actinobacteria - genetics ; Actinobacteria - isolation & purification ; Actinobacteria - pathogenicity ; Animals ; atypical hosts ; Bacillus - classification ; Bacillus - genetics ; Bacillus - isolation & purification ; Bacillus - pathogenicity ; Bacteria ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Cholera ; Ecology ; environment ; Firmicutes ; Gammaproteobacteria - classification ; Gammaproteobacteria - genetics ; Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification ; Gammaproteobacteria - pathogenicity ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Natural environment ; Nematoda - microbiology ; Phylogeny ; soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Toxins ; Virulence Factors - genetics ; virulence genes</subject><ispartof>FEMS microbiology ecology, 2014-11, Vol.90 (2), p.520-532</ispartof><rights>2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2014</rights><rights>2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved</rights><rights>2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5503-946b45da0722d6d0dab1bcff90b8cfb2dd5d9ebce072c3e6fb51c1a66fd54f463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5503-946b45da0722d6d0dab1bcff90b8cfb2dd5d9ebce072c3e6fb51c1a66fd54f463</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1574-6941.12413$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1574-6941.12413$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25118010$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Søborg, Ditte A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendriksen, Niels Bohse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kroer, Niels</creatorcontrib><title>Occurrence and expression of bacterial human virulence gene homologues in natural soil bacteria</title><title>FEMS microbiology ecology</title><addtitle>FEMS Microbiol Ecol</addtitle><description>Abstract
The presence and in vitro expression of homologues to 22 bacterial human virulence determinants amongst culturable soil bacteria were investigated. About 25% of the bacterial isolates contained virulence gene homologues representing toxin (hblA, cytK2), adhesin (fimH), regulator (phoQ) and resistance (yfbI) determinants in pathogenic bacteria. The homologues of the toxin genes were found in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (hblA), and in Firmicutes and Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria (cytK2). The homologues to the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene, fimH, and the L-Ara4N transferase gene, yfbI, were observed in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria. The regulator gene, phoQ, was only found in Gammaproteobacteria. The presence of cytK2 in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, fimH in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and hblA in Actinobacteria has not previously been described. A close sequence similarity (84–100%) was observed between the genes of environmental and clinical isolates, and expression assays suggested that the genes in some cases were expressed in vitro. The presence of functional virulence gene homologues underpins their importance for the survival of environmental bacteria. Furthermore, the high degree of sequence conservation to clinical sequences indicates that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emerging pathogens.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.</description><subject>Actinobacteria</subject><subject>Actinobacteria - classification</subject><subject>Actinobacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Actinobacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Actinobacteria - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>atypical hosts</subject><subject>Bacillus - classification</subject><subject>Bacillus - genetics</subject><subject>Bacillus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Bacillus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans</subject><subject>Cholera</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>environment</subject><subject>Firmicutes</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - classification</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Gammaproteobacteria - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes, Bacterial</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Natural environment</subject><subject>Nematoda - microbiology</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>soil</subject><subject>Soil Microbiology</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Virulence Factors - genetics</subject><subject>virulence genes</subject><issn>0168-6496</issn><issn>1574-6941</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9LHDEYhoO06NZ69iaBXkQYzTeTZDbHImoLFi_2HPJTR2aSbbKx9b836-oiRdBcAuF5H74vL0L7QI6hnhNgPW24oHAMLYVuC802L5_QjACfN5wKvoO-5HxHCLCOkm200zKAOQEyQ_LKmJKSC8ZhFSx2_xbJ5TzEgKPHWpmlS4Ma8W2ZVMD3QyrjE3vjgsO3cYpjvCku4yHgoJYlVTTHYdwkv6LPXo3Z7T3fu-j3-dn16Y_m8uri5-n3y8YwRrpGUK4ps4r0bWu5JVZp0MZ7QfTceN1ay6xw2rgKmM5xrxkYUJx7y6invNtFh2vvIsU_daClnIZs3Diq4GLJEnjbi3nPRP8RlJC2Y1xU9Nt_6F0sKdRFKgWiKuufVupkTZkUc07Oy0UaJpUeJBC5qkmuSpGrUuRTTTVx8OwtenJ2w7_0UgG2Bv4Oo3t4zyfPz369iI_WuVgWb6aaV1M8AkmOqPo</recordid><startdate>201411</startdate><enddate>201411</enddate><creator>Søborg, Ditte A.</creator><creator>Hendriksen, Niels Bohse</creator><creator>Kroer, Niels</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201411</creationdate><title>Occurrence and expression of bacterial human virulence gene homologues in natural soil bacteria</title><author>Søborg, Ditte A. ; Hendriksen, Niels Bohse ; Kroer, Niels</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5503-946b45da0722d6d0dab1bcff90b8cfb2dd5d9ebce072c3e6fb51c1a66fd54f463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Actinobacteria</topic><topic>Actinobacteria - classification</topic><topic>Actinobacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Actinobacteria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Actinobacteria - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>atypical hosts</topic><topic>Bacillus - classification</topic><topic>Bacillus - genetics</topic><topic>Bacillus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Bacillus - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Caenorhabditis elegans</topic><topic>Cholera</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>environment</topic><topic>Firmicutes</topic><topic>Gammaproteobacteria - classification</topic><topic>Gammaproteobacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Gammaproteobacteria - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genes, Bacterial</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Natural environment</topic><topic>Nematoda - microbiology</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>soil</topic><topic>Soil Microbiology</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>Virulence Factors - genetics</topic><topic>virulence genes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Søborg, Ditte A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendriksen, Niels Bohse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kroer, Niels</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>FEMS microbiology ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Søborg, Ditte A.</au><au>Hendriksen, Niels Bohse</au><au>Kroer, Niels</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence and expression of bacterial human virulence gene homologues in natural soil bacteria</atitle><jtitle>FEMS microbiology ecology</jtitle><addtitle>FEMS Microbiol Ecol</addtitle><date>2014-11</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>520</spage><epage>532</epage><pages>520-532</pages><issn>0168-6496</issn><eissn>1574-6941</eissn><coden>FMECEZ</coden><abstract>Abstract
The presence and in vitro expression of homologues to 22 bacterial human virulence determinants amongst culturable soil bacteria were investigated. About 25% of the bacterial isolates contained virulence gene homologues representing toxin (hblA, cytK2), adhesin (fimH), regulator (phoQ) and resistance (yfbI) determinants in pathogenic bacteria. The homologues of the toxin genes were found in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (hblA), and in Firmicutes and Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria (cytK2). The homologues to the type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene, fimH, and the L-Ara4N transferase gene, yfbI, were observed in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria. The regulator gene, phoQ, was only found in Gammaproteobacteria. The presence of cytK2 in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, fimH in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and hblA in Actinobacteria has not previously been described. A close sequence similarity (84–100%) was observed between the genes of environmental and clinical isolates, and expression assays suggested that the genes in some cases were expressed in vitro. The presence of functional virulence gene homologues underpins their importance for the survival of environmental bacteria. Furthermore, the high degree of sequence conservation to clinical sequences indicates that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emerging pathogens.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.
Bacterial pathogens cause major threats to human health and welfare. We have found evidence that natural environments are reservoirs of virulence and that natural environments may be ‘evolutionary cribs’ of emergent diseases.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25118010</pmid><doi>10.1111/1574-6941.12413</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Actinobacteria Actinobacteria - classification Actinobacteria - genetics Actinobacteria - isolation & purification Actinobacteria - pathogenicity Animals atypical hosts Bacillus - classification Bacillus - genetics Bacillus - isolation & purification Bacillus - pathogenicity Bacteria Caenorhabditis elegans Cholera Ecology environment Firmicutes Gammaproteobacteria - classification Gammaproteobacteria - genetics Gammaproteobacteria - isolation & purification Gammaproteobacteria - pathogenicity Genes Genes, Bacterial Humans Microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Natural environment Nematoda - microbiology Phylogeny soil Soil Microbiology Toxins Virulence Factors - genetics virulence genes |
| title | Occurrence and expression of bacterial human virulence gene homologues in natural soil bacteria |
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