Sun protection Provided by Regulation School Uniforms in Australian Schools: An Opportunity to Improve Personal Sun protection During Childhood
Childhood sun exposure is linked to excessive pigmented mole development and melanoma risk. Clothing provides a physical barrier, protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Extending sleeves to elbow length and shorts to knee length has been shown to significantly reduce mole acquisition in p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Photochemistry and photobiology 2014-11, Vol.90 (6), p.1439-1445 |
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| creator | Turner, Denise Harrison, Simone L. |
| description | Childhood sun exposure is linked to excessive pigmented mole development and melanoma risk. Clothing provides a physical barrier, protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Extending sleeves to elbow length and shorts to knee length has been shown to significantly reduce mole acquisition in preschoolers from tropical Queensland. We used publicly available uniform images and guidelines from primary schools in Townsville (latitude 19.25°S, n = 43 schools), Cairns (16.87°S, n = 46) and the Atherton Tablelands (17.26°S, n = 23) in tropical Australia to objectively determine the body surface proportion covered by regulation school uniforms. Uniforms of nongovernment, large (≥800 students), urban, educationally advantaged schools with comprehensive sun protection policies covered more skin than those of government schools (63.2% vs 62.0%; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/php.12312 |
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Ultra violet exposure during the childhood years is linked to the development of melanocytic nevi (moles) which are a risk factor for the development cutaneous melanoma. Sun‐protective clothing protects the skin from ultra violet radiation, reducing the development of melanocytic nevi and skin cancer risk. Simple alterations to school uniforms (such as slightly longer sleeves and hems) would increase body surface area covered without causing heat stress. Sensibly designed school uniforms/clothing would be a practical way to protect school children from ultra violet radiation. Body surface area covered needs to be added to clothing standards.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-8655</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1751-1097</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/php.12312</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25041466</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PHCBAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Australia ; Child ; Children & youth ; Environmental Exposure ; Human exposure ; Humans ; Risk factors ; Skin cancer ; Skin care products ; Sunlight ; Sunscreen ; Ultraviolet radiation</subject><ispartof>Photochemistry and photobiology, 2014-11, Vol.90 (6), p.1439-1445</ispartof><rights>2014 The American Society of Photobiology</rights><rights>2014 The American Society of Photobiology.</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Nov-Dec 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4612-842ddd6f0ca477a9c6e3191c1f75a91fcad05795d9b120a9cb3e68e930c2acf13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4612-842ddd6f0ca477a9c6e3191c1f75a91fcad05795d9b120a9cb3e68e930c2acf13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fphp.12312$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fphp.12312$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25041466$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Turner, Denise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harrison, Simone L.</creatorcontrib><title>Sun protection Provided by Regulation School Uniforms in Australian Schools: An Opportunity to Improve Personal Sun protection During Childhood</title><title>Photochemistry and photobiology</title><addtitle>Photochem Photobiol</addtitle><description>Childhood sun exposure is linked to excessive pigmented mole development and melanoma risk. Clothing provides a physical barrier, protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Extending sleeves to elbow length and shorts to knee length has been shown to significantly reduce mole acquisition in preschoolers from tropical Queensland. We used publicly available uniform images and guidelines from primary schools in Townsville (latitude 19.25°S, n = 43 schools), Cairns (16.87°S, n = 46) and the Atherton Tablelands (17.26°S, n = 23) in tropical Australia to objectively determine the body surface proportion covered by regulation school uniforms. Uniforms of nongovernment, large (≥800 students), urban, educationally advantaged schools with comprehensive sun protection policies covered more skin than those of government schools (63.2% vs 62.0%; P < 0.001), smaller schools (63.4% vs 62.3%; P = 0.009), rural (62.7% vs 61.9%; P = 0.002) and educationally disadvantaged schools (62.8% vs 62.3%; P < 0.001) with underdeveloped sun protection policies (62.8% vs 62.2%; P = 0.002). Overall, SunSmart and non‐SunSmart school uniforms covered identical body surface proportions (62.4%, P = 0.084). Although wearing regulation school uniforms is mandatory at most Australian primary schools, this opportunity to improve children's sun protection is largely overlooked. Recent evidence suggests that even encouraging minor alterations to school uniforms (e.g. slightly longer sleeves/dresses/skirts/shorts) to increase skin coverage may reduce mole acquisition and melanoma risk, especially in high‐risk populations.
Ultra violet exposure during the childhood years is linked to the development of melanocytic nevi (moles) which are a risk factor for the development cutaneous melanoma. Sun‐protective clothing protects the skin from ultra violet radiation, reducing the development of melanocytic nevi and skin cancer risk. Simple alterations to school uniforms (such as slightly longer sleeves and hems) would increase body surface area covered without causing heat stress. Sensibly designed school uniforms/clothing would be a practical way to protect school children from ultra violet radiation. Body surface area covered needs to be added to clothing standards.</description><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Human exposure</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Skin cancer</subject><subject>Skin care products</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Sunscreen</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><issn>0031-8655</issn><issn>1751-1097</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc9uEzEQhy0EoqFw4AWQJS5w2NazXu8fblGAplJEo6ZVJS6WY3sbF-96a68LeQpeGbdpeqiELyN5vvns0Q-h90COIJ3jYTMcQU4hf4EmUDHIgDTVSzQhhEJWl4wdoDch3BACRVPBa3SQM1JAUZYT9HcVezx4N2o5GtfjpXd3RmmF11t8rq-jFQ_XK7lxzuLL3rTOdwGbHk9jGL2wRuy74Que9vhsGJwfY2_GLR4dPu2S_E7jpfbB9cLiZ-99jd7013i2MVYliXqLXrXCBv3usR6iy-_fLmbzbHF2cjqbLjJZlJBndZErpcqWSFFUlWhkqSk0IKGtmGiglUIRVjVMNWvISeqvqS5r3VAicyFboIfo086b_nIbdRh5Z4LU1opeuxg4lDmjBS0ITejHZ-iNiz7tck9RRlhRkzpRn3eU9C4Er1s-eNMJv-VA-H1KPKXEH1JK7IdHY1x3Wj2R-1gScLwDfhurt_838eV8uVdmuwkTRv3naUL4X7ysaMX41Y8TXs9XVxfnPwlf0H-OJa0d</recordid><startdate>201411</startdate><enddate>201411</enddate><creator>Turner, Denise</creator><creator>Harrison, Simone L.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201411</creationdate><title>Sun protection Provided by Regulation School Uniforms in Australian Schools: An Opportunity to Improve Personal Sun protection During Childhood</title><author>Turner, Denise ; Harrison, Simone L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4612-842ddd6f0ca477a9c6e3191c1f75a91fcad05795d9b120a9cb3e68e930c2acf13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure</topic><topic>Human exposure</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Skin cancer</topic><topic>Skin care products</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Sunscreen</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Turner, Denise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harrison, Simone L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Photochemistry and photobiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Turner, Denise</au><au>Harrison, Simone L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sun protection Provided by Regulation School Uniforms in Australian Schools: An Opportunity to Improve Personal Sun protection During Childhood</atitle><jtitle>Photochemistry and photobiology</jtitle><addtitle>Photochem Photobiol</addtitle><date>2014-11</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1439</spage><epage>1445</epage><pages>1439-1445</pages><issn>0031-8655</issn><eissn>1751-1097</eissn><coden>PHCBAP</coden><abstract>Childhood sun exposure is linked to excessive pigmented mole development and melanoma risk. Clothing provides a physical barrier, protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Extending sleeves to elbow length and shorts to knee length has been shown to significantly reduce mole acquisition in preschoolers from tropical Queensland. We used publicly available uniform images and guidelines from primary schools in Townsville (latitude 19.25°S, n = 43 schools), Cairns (16.87°S, n = 46) and the Atherton Tablelands (17.26°S, n = 23) in tropical Australia to objectively determine the body surface proportion covered by regulation school uniforms. Uniforms of nongovernment, large (≥800 students), urban, educationally advantaged schools with comprehensive sun protection policies covered more skin than those of government schools (63.2% vs 62.0%; P < 0.001), smaller schools (63.4% vs 62.3%; P = 0.009), rural (62.7% vs 61.9%; P = 0.002) and educationally disadvantaged schools (62.8% vs 62.3%; P < 0.001) with underdeveloped sun protection policies (62.8% vs 62.2%; P = 0.002). Overall, SunSmart and non‐SunSmart school uniforms covered identical body surface proportions (62.4%, P = 0.084). Although wearing regulation school uniforms is mandatory at most Australian primary schools, this opportunity to improve children's sun protection is largely overlooked. Recent evidence suggests that even encouraging minor alterations to school uniforms (e.g. slightly longer sleeves/dresses/skirts/shorts) to increase skin coverage may reduce mole acquisition and melanoma risk, especially in high‐risk populations.
Ultra violet exposure during the childhood years is linked to the development of melanocytic nevi (moles) which are a risk factor for the development cutaneous melanoma. Sun‐protective clothing protects the skin from ultra violet radiation, reducing the development of melanocytic nevi and skin cancer risk. Simple alterations to school uniforms (such as slightly longer sleeves and hems) would increase body surface area covered without causing heat stress. Sensibly designed school uniforms/clothing would be a practical way to protect school children from ultra violet radiation. Body surface area covered needs to be added to clothing standards.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25041466</pmid><doi>10.1111/php.12312</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Australia Child Children & youth Environmental Exposure Human exposure Humans Risk factors Skin cancer Skin care products Sunlight Sunscreen Ultraviolet radiation |
| title | Sun protection Provided by Regulation School Uniforms in Australian Schools: An Opportunity to Improve Personal Sun protection During Childhood |
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