Microbial Sequencing Analyses Suggest the Presence of a Fecal Veneer on Indoor Climbing Wall Holds
Artificial climbing walls represent a unique indoor environment in which humans interact closely with a variety of surface types. Climbing wall holds may mediate transmission of organisms between individuals, and yet there are no studies that identify microorganisms present on these surfaces. In the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Current microbiology 2014-11, Vol.69 (5), p.681-689 |
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| creator | Bräuer, S. L Vuono, D Carmichael, M. J Pepe-Ranney, C Strom, A Rabinowitz, E Buckley, D. H Zinder, S. H |
| description | Artificial climbing walls represent a unique indoor environment in which humans interact closely with a variety of surface types. Climbing wall holds may mediate transmission of organisms between individuals, and yet there are no studies that identify microorganisms present on these surfaces. In the current study, the microorganisms found on climbing wall holds were characterized by analysis of amplified SSU rRNA gene sequences. In contrast to many other studies of built environments, the majority of microorganisms on holds were most closely related to microbes annotated as being recovered from environmental sources, such as soil, with human skin also representing an important source. Regional patterns were evident as rRNA gene sequences from the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus were abundant in gyms found within 16 km of the ocean. Enterobacteriaceae were present on 100 % of holds surveyed, and the members detected are commonly associated with fecal matter. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00284-014-0643-3 |
| format | Article |
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L ; Vuono, D ; Carmichael, M. J ; Pepe-Ranney, C ; Strom, A ; Rabinowitz, E ; Buckley, D. H ; Zinder, S. H</creator><creatorcontrib>Bräuer, S. L ; Vuono, D ; Carmichael, M. J ; Pepe-Ranney, C ; Strom, A ; Rabinowitz, E ; Buckley, D. H ; Zinder, S. H</creatorcontrib><description>Artificial climbing walls represent a unique indoor environment in which humans interact closely with a variety of surface types. Climbing wall holds may mediate transmission of organisms between individuals, and yet there are no studies that identify microorganisms present on these surfaces. In the current study, the microorganisms found on climbing wall holds were characterized by analysis of amplified SSU rRNA gene sequences. In contrast to many other studies of built environments, the majority of microorganisms on holds were most closely related to microbes annotated as being recovered from environmental sources, such as soil, with human skin also representing an important source. Regional patterns were evident as rRNA gene sequences from the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus were abundant in gyms found within 16 km of the ocean. Enterobacteriaceae were present on 100 % of holds surveyed, and the members detected are commonly associated with fecal matter.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0343-8651</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0991</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0643-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24972665</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - genetics ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biota ; Biotechnology ; Built environment ; Cluster Analysis ; Cyanobacteria ; DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Environmental Microbiology ; Feces ; Fitness equipment ; Health clubs ; Humans ; Indoor environments ; Life Sciences ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Molecular Sequence Data ; nucleotide sequences ; Phylogeny ; Prochlorococcus ; ribosomal RNA ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Rock climbing ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; soil ; Sports ; Urban environments</subject><ispartof>Current microbiology, 2014-11, Vol.69 (5), p.681-689</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c542t-bbb2dbb016903c218e56f008339b85aa6eb2f705e9d07a9b37e23eebcdccbf883</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c542t-bbb2dbb016903c218e56f008339b85aa6eb2f705e9d07a9b37e23eebcdccbf883</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00284-014-0643-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00284-014-0643-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24972665$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bräuer, S. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuono, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carmichael, M. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pepe-Ranney, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strom, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabinowitz, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buckley, D. H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zinder, S. H</creatorcontrib><title>Microbial Sequencing Analyses Suggest the Presence of a Fecal Veneer on Indoor Climbing Wall Holds</title><title>Current microbiology</title><addtitle>Curr Microbiol</addtitle><addtitle>Curr Microbiol</addtitle><description>Artificial climbing walls represent a unique indoor environment in which humans interact closely with a variety of surface types. Climbing wall holds may mediate transmission of organisms between individuals, and yet there are no studies that identify microorganisms present on these surfaces. In the current study, the microorganisms found on climbing wall holds were characterized by analysis of amplified SSU rRNA gene sequences. In contrast to many other studies of built environments, the majority of microorganisms on holds were most closely related to microbes annotated as being recovered from environmental sources, such as soil, with human skin also representing an important source. Regional patterns were evident as rRNA gene sequences from the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus were abundant in gyms found within 16 km of the ocean. Enterobacteriaceae were present on 100 % of holds surveyed, and the members detected are commonly associated with fecal matter.</description><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Built environment</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Cyanobacteria</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Enterobacteriaceae</subject><subject>Environmental Microbiology</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Health clubs</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indoor environments</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>nucleotide sequences</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Prochlorococcus</subject><subject>ribosomal RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>Rock climbing</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>soil</subject><subject>Sports</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><issn>0343-8651</issn><issn>1432-0991</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk9r3DAQxUVpabZpP0AurSCXXNyOJFuWjmHJP0hoYZv2KCR57DporVRaH_Lto8VpCT2UHIRA83tvmHki5IjBZwbQfskAXNUVsHJkLSrxiqxYLXgFWrPXZAWiPCrZsAPyLuc7AMY1sLfkgNe65VI2K-JuRp-iG22gG_w94-THaaCnkw0PGTPdzMOAeUd3v5B-S5hLHWnsqaXn6IvmB06IicaJXk1djImuw7h1e4ufNgR6GUOX35M3vQ0ZPzzdh-T2_Oz7-rK6_npxtT69rnxT813lnOOdc8CkBuE5U9jIHkAJoZ1qrJXoeN9Cg7qD1monWuQC0fnOe9crJQ7JyeJ7n2KZJO_MdsweQ7ATxjkbJjmXrAEFL0CZ0LVUQhb0-B_0Ls6p7GehCqZqXii2UGWZOSfszX0atzY9GAZmn5VZsjIlK7PPyoii-fjkPLstdn8Vf8IpAF-AXErTgOlZ6_-4flpEvY3GDmnM5nbDocwNoMtfAPEI-2umoA</recordid><startdate>20141101</startdate><enddate>20141101</enddate><creator>Bräuer, S. 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| ispartof | Current microbiology, 2014-11, Vol.69 (5), p.681-689 |
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| subjects | Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biota Biotechnology Built environment Cluster Analysis Cyanobacteria DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Enterobacteriaceae Environmental Microbiology Feces Fitness equipment Health clubs Humans Indoor environments Life Sciences Microbiology Microorganisms Molecular Sequence Data nucleotide sequences Phylogeny Prochlorococcus ribosomal RNA RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Rock climbing Sequence Analysis, DNA soil Sports Urban environments |
| title | Microbial Sequencing Analyses Suggest the Presence of a Fecal Veneer on Indoor Climbing Wall Holds |
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