The industrial water footprint of zippers
Industrial production of apparel consumes large quantity of freshwater and discharges effluents that intensify the problem of freshwater shortage and water pollution. The industrial water footprint (IWF) of a piece of apparel includes the water footprint (WF) of the fabric, apparel accessories (e.g....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water science and technology 2014-01, Vol.70 (6), p.1025-1031 |
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| creator | Zhang, Yin Wu, Xiong Ying Wang, Lai Li Ding, Xue Mei |
| description | Industrial production of apparel consumes large quantity of freshwater and discharges effluents that intensify the problem of freshwater shortage and water pollution. The industrial water footprint (IWF) of a piece of apparel includes the water footprint (WF) of the fabric, apparel accessories (e.g. zipper, fastener, sewing thread) and industrial production processes. The objective of this paper is to carry out a pilot study on IWF accounting for three kinds of typical zipper (i.e. metal zipper, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) zipper and polyoxymethylene copolymer (Co-POM) zipper) that are commonly used for apparel production. The results reveal that product output exerts a remarkable influence on zipper's average IWF. Metal zipper has the largest IWF and followed by Co-POM zipper and PET zipper. Painting, dyeing and primary processing are the top three water-consuming processes and contribute about 90% of the zipper's IWF. Painting consumes the largest amount of freshwater among all processes and occupies more than 50% of the zipper's IWF. In addition, the grey water footprint (WFgrey) provides the greatest contribution, more than 80%, to the zipper's IWF. Based on these results, this paper also provides several strategies aimed at water economization and pollution reduction during industrial production of zipper. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2166/wst.2014.323 |
| format | Article |
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The industrial water footprint (IWF) of a piece of apparel includes the water footprint (WF) of the fabric, apparel accessories (e.g. zipper, fastener, sewing thread) and industrial production processes. The objective of this paper is to carry out a pilot study on IWF accounting for three kinds of typical zipper (i.e. metal zipper, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) zipper and polyoxymethylene copolymer (Co-POM) zipper) that are commonly used for apparel production. The results reveal that product output exerts a remarkable influence on zipper's average IWF. Metal zipper has the largest IWF and followed by Co-POM zipper and PET zipper. Painting, dyeing and primary processing are the top three water-consuming processes and contribute about 90% of the zipper's IWF. Painting consumes the largest amount of freshwater among all processes and occupies more than 50% of the zipper's IWF. In addition, the grey water footprint (WFgrey) provides the greatest contribution, more than 80%, to the zipper's IWF. Based on these results, this paper also provides several strategies aimed at water economization and pollution reduction during industrial production of zipper.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-1223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-9732</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.323</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25259491</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WSTED4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: International Water Association</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Effluents ; Environmental impact ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Freshwater ; Global environmental pollution ; Greywater ; Heavy metals ; Industrial pollution ; Industrial production ; Industrial use water ; Industrial Waste ; Industrial water ; Industry ; Inland water environment ; Metals ; Pilot Projects ; Pollution ; Pollution control ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Sewing ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Water - chemistry ; Water consumption ; Water pollution ; Water Pollution - analysis ; Water shortages ; Water treatment and pollution ; Zippers</subject><ispartof>Water science and technology, 2014-01, Vol.70 (6), p.1025-1031</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright IWA Publishing Sep 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-c10af1d84a8158d2cdeff0cc72b937995420d3260788433dbda70708a8afd893</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28880562$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25259491$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xiong Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lai Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Xue Mei</creatorcontrib><title>The industrial water footprint of zippers</title><title>Water science and technology</title><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><description>Industrial production of apparel consumes large quantity of freshwater and discharges effluents that intensify the problem of freshwater shortage and water pollution. The industrial water footprint (IWF) of a piece of apparel includes the water footprint (WF) of the fabric, apparel accessories (e.g. zipper, fastener, sewing thread) and industrial production processes. The objective of this paper is to carry out a pilot study on IWF accounting for three kinds of typical zipper (i.e. metal zipper, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) zipper and polyoxymethylene copolymer (Co-POM) zipper) that are commonly used for apparel production. The results reveal that product output exerts a remarkable influence on zipper's average IWF. Metal zipper has the largest IWF and followed by Co-POM zipper and PET zipper. Painting, dyeing and primary processing are the top three water-consuming processes and contribute about 90% of the zipper's IWF. Painting consumes the largest amount of freshwater among all processes and occupies more than 50% of the zipper's IWF. In addition, the grey water footprint (WFgrey) provides the greatest contribution, more than 80%, to the zipper's IWF. Based on these results, this paper also provides several strategies aimed at water economization and pollution reduction during industrial production of zipper.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Global environmental pollution</subject><subject>Greywater</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Industrial pollution</subject><subject>Industrial production</subject><subject>Industrial use water</subject><subject>Industrial Waste</subject><subject>Industrial water</subject><subject>Industry</subject><subject>Inland water environment</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution control</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Sewing</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water consumption</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><subject>Zippers</subject><issn>0273-1223</issn><issn>1996-9732</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0EtLxDAQwPEgiq6Pm2cpiKBg18mkzeMo4gsWvOw9ZPPASrddkxbRT29kVwUvnnL5ZYb5E3JMYYqU86u3NEwRaDVlyLbIhCrFSyUYbpMJoGAlRWR7ZD-lFwAQrIJdsoc11qpSdEIu5s--aDo3piE2pi3ezOBjEfp-WMWmG4o-FB_NauVjOiQ7wbTJH23eAzK_u53fPJSzp_vHm-tZaZnEobQUTKBOVkbSWjq0zocA1gpcKCaUqisEx5CDkLJizC2cESBAGmmCk4odkPP12FXsX0efBr1skvVtazrfj0lTjvmzYgD_05pziTTfmenpH_rSj7HLd2iqKia5FByzulwrG_uUog86R1ia-K4p6K_YOsfWX7F1jp35yWbouFh694O_62ZwtgEmWdOGaDrbpF8npYQ67_0E9BiEog</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yin</creator><creator>Wu, Xiong Ying</creator><creator>Wang, Lai Li</creator><creator>Ding, Xue Mei</creator><general>International Water Association</general><general>IWA Publishing</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140101</creationdate><title>The industrial water footprint of zippers</title><author>Zhang, Yin ; Wu, Xiong Ying ; Wang, Lai Li ; Ding, Xue Mei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-c10af1d84a8158d2cdeff0cc72b937995420d3260788433dbda70708a8afd893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Global environmental pollution</topic><topic>Greywater</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Industrial pollution</topic><topic>Industrial production</topic><topic>Industrial use water</topic><topic>Industrial Waste</topic><topic>Industrial water</topic><topic>Industry</topic><topic>Inland water environment</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution control</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Sewing</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Water consumption</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><topic>Zippers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xiong Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lai Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Xue Mei</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Yin</au><au>Wu, Xiong Ying</au><au>Wang, Lai Li</au><au>Ding, Xue Mei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The industrial water footprint of zippers</atitle><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1025</spage><epage>1031</epage><pages>1025-1031</pages><issn>0273-1223</issn><eissn>1996-9732</eissn><coden>WSTED4</coden><abstract>Industrial production of apparel consumes large quantity of freshwater and discharges effluents that intensify the problem of freshwater shortage and water pollution. The industrial water footprint (IWF) of a piece of apparel includes the water footprint (WF) of the fabric, apparel accessories (e.g. zipper, fastener, sewing thread) and industrial production processes. The objective of this paper is to carry out a pilot study on IWF accounting for three kinds of typical zipper (i.e. metal zipper, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) zipper and polyoxymethylene copolymer (Co-POM) zipper) that are commonly used for apparel production. The results reveal that product output exerts a remarkable influence on zipper's average IWF. Metal zipper has the largest IWF and followed by Co-POM zipper and PET zipper. Painting, dyeing and primary processing are the top three water-consuming processes and contribute about 90% of the zipper's IWF. Painting consumes the largest amount of freshwater among all processes and occupies more than 50% of the zipper's IWF. In addition, the grey water footprint (WFgrey) provides the greatest contribution, more than 80%, to the zipper's IWF. Based on these results, this paper also provides several strategies aimed at water economization and pollution reduction during industrial production of zipper.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>International Water Association</pub><pmid>25259491</pmid><doi>10.2166/wst.2014.323</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Water science and technology, 2014-01, Vol.70 (6), p.1025-1031 |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Effluents Environmental impact Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Freshwater Global environmental pollution Greywater Heavy metals Industrial pollution Industrial production Industrial use water Industrial Waste Industrial water Industry Inland water environment Metals Pilot Projects Pollution Pollution control Polyethylene Polyethylene terephthalate Sewing Waste Disposal, Fluid Water - chemistry Water consumption Water pollution Water Pollution - analysis Water shortages Water treatment and pollution Zippers |
| title | The industrial water footprint of zippers |
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