Particle Emissions from a Marine Engine: Chemical Composition and Aromatic Emission Profiles under Various Operating Conditions
The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a medium-speed four-stroke marine engine, operated on both heavy fuel oil (HFO) and distillate fuel (DF), was studied under various operating conditions. PM emission factors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic spec...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2014-10, Vol.48 (19), p.11721-11729 |
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| creator | Sippula, O Stengel, B Sklorz, M Streibel, T Rabe, R Orasche, J Lintelmann, J Michalke, B Abbaszade, G Radischat, C Gröger, T Schnelle-Kreis, J Harndorf, H Zimmermann, R |
| description | The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a medium-speed four-stroke marine engine, operated on both heavy fuel oil (HFO) and distillate fuel (DF), was studied under various operating conditions. PM emission factors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic species and a variety of organic compounds were determined. In addition, the molecular composition of aromatic organic matter was analyzed using a novel coupling of a thermal-optical carbon analyzer with a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) mass spectrometer. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were predominantly present in an alkylated form, and the composition of the aromatic organic matter in emissions clearly resembled that of fuel. The emissions of species known to be hazardous to health (PAH, Oxy-PAH, N-PAH, transition metals) were significantly higher from HFO than from DF operation, at all engine loads. In contrast, DF usage generated higher elemental carbon emissions than HFO at typical load points (50% and 75%) for marine operation. Thus, according to this study, the sulfur emission regulations that force the usage of low-sulfur distillate fuels will also substantially decrease the emissions of currently unregulated hazardous species. However, the emissions of soot may even increase if the fuel injection system is optimized for HFO operation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es502484z |
| format | Article |
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PM emission factors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic species and a variety of organic compounds were determined. In addition, the molecular composition of aromatic organic matter was analyzed using a novel coupling of a thermal-optical carbon analyzer with a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) mass spectrometer. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were predominantly present in an alkylated form, and the composition of the aromatic organic matter in emissions clearly resembled that of fuel. The emissions of species known to be hazardous to health (PAH, Oxy-PAH, N-PAH, transition metals) were significantly higher from HFO than from DF operation, at all engine loads. In contrast, DF usage generated higher elemental carbon emissions than HFO at typical load points (50% and 75%) for marine operation. Thus, according to this study, the sulfur emission regulations that force the usage of low-sulfur distillate fuels will also substantially decrease the emissions of currently unregulated hazardous species. However, the emissions of soot may even increase if the fuel injection system is optimized for HFO operation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es502484z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25202837</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Airborne particulates ; Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Carbon ; Emissions control ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fuel Oils ; Gases ; Ions ; Mass Spectrometry ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Pollution ; Pollution sources. Measurement results ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis ; Soot ; Sulfur ; Transports ; Vehicle Emissions - analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2014-10, Vol.48 (19), p.11721-11729</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Oct 7, 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a472t-ae460883c00dffc9ead2d04c6fbc34fec49c5701e4cf6d8de952ef698278afef3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a472t-ae460883c00dffc9ead2d04c6fbc34fec49c5701e4cf6d8de952ef698278afef3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es502484z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es502484z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28919837$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25202837$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sippula, O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stengel, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sklorz, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Streibel, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rabe, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orasche, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lintelmann, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michalke, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbaszade, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radischat, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gröger, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnelle-Kreis, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harndorf, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zimmermann, R</creatorcontrib><title>Particle Emissions from a Marine Engine: Chemical Composition and Aromatic Emission Profiles under Various Operating Conditions</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a medium-speed four-stroke marine engine, operated on both heavy fuel oil (HFO) and distillate fuel (DF), was studied under various operating conditions. PM emission factors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic species and a variety of organic compounds were determined. In addition, the molecular composition of aromatic organic matter was analyzed using a novel coupling of a thermal-optical carbon analyzer with a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) mass spectrometer. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were predominantly present in an alkylated form, and the composition of the aromatic organic matter in emissions clearly resembled that of fuel. The emissions of species known to be hazardous to health (PAH, Oxy-PAH, N-PAH, transition metals) were significantly higher from HFO than from DF operation, at all engine loads. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2014-10-07</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>11721</spage><epage>11729</epage><pages>11721-11729</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a medium-speed four-stroke marine engine, operated on both heavy fuel oil (HFO) and distillate fuel (DF), was studied under various operating conditions. PM emission factors for organic matter, elemental carbon (soot), inorganic species and a variety of organic compounds were determined. In addition, the molecular composition of aromatic organic matter was analyzed using a novel coupling of a thermal-optical carbon analyzer with a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) mass spectrometer. 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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 2014-10, Vol.48 (19), p.11721-11729 |
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| source | ACS Publications; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Airborne particulates Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Carbon Emissions control Environmental Monitoring - methods Exact sciences and technology Fuel Oils Gases Ions Mass Spectrometry Particulate Matter - analysis Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis Soot Sulfur Transports Vehicle Emissions - analysis |
| title | Particle Emissions from a Marine Engine: Chemical Composition and Aromatic Emission Profiles under Various Operating Conditions |
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