The vocal behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales: communicating with costly calls
The cost of vocal behaviour is usually expressed in energetic terms; however, many animals may pay additional costs when predators or potential prey eavesdrop on their vocal communication. The northeastern Pacific is home to two distinct ecotypes of killer whales, Orcinus orca, called residents and...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Animal behaviour 2005-02, Vol.69 (2), p.395-405 |
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creator | Deecke, Volker B. Ford, John K.B. Slater, Peter J.B. |
description | The cost of vocal behaviour is usually expressed in energetic terms; however, many animals may pay additional costs when predators or potential prey eavesdrop on their vocal communication. The northeastern Pacific is home to two distinct ecotypes of killer whales,
Orcinus orca, called residents and transients. Resident killer whales feed on fish, a prey with poor hearing abilities, whereas transient killer whales hunt marine mammals, which have sensitive underwater hearing within the frequency range of killer whale vocal communication. In this study, we investigated how the superior hearing ability of mammalian prey has shaped the vocal behaviour of the transient killer whale ecotype. We recorded pulsed calls and the associated behavioural context of groups of transient and resident killer whales in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Transient killer whales produced pulsed calls significantly less frequently than residents. Transient killer whales only showed significant amounts of vocal behaviour after a marine mammal kill or when the whales were displaying surface-active behaviour. Vocal activity of transients increased after a successful attack on a marine mammal. Since marine mammals are able to detect killer whale pulsed calls and respond with antipredator behaviour, the reduced vocal activity of transients is probably due to a greater cost for calling in this ecotype resulting from eavesdropping by potential prey. The increase in vocal behaviour after a successful attack may represent food calling (informing other animals in the area about the presence of food), but is more likely to reflect an increase in social interactions during feeding and/or the fact that the cost for vocal behaviour is comparatively low after a successful attack. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.014 |
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Orcinus orca, called residents and transients. Resident killer whales feed on fish, a prey with poor hearing abilities, whereas transient killer whales hunt marine mammals, which have sensitive underwater hearing within the frequency range of killer whale vocal communication. In this study, we investigated how the superior hearing ability of mammalian prey has shaped the vocal behaviour of the transient killer whale ecotype. We recorded pulsed calls and the associated behavioural context of groups of transient and resident killer whales in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Transient killer whales produced pulsed calls significantly less frequently than residents. Transient killer whales only showed significant amounts of vocal behaviour after a marine mammal kill or when the whales were displaying surface-active behaviour. Vocal activity of transients increased after a successful attack on a marine mammal. Since marine mammals are able to detect killer whale pulsed calls and respond with antipredator behaviour, the reduced vocal activity of transients is probably due to a greater cost for calling in this ecotype resulting from eavesdropping by potential prey. The increase in vocal behaviour after a successful attack may represent food calling (informing other animals in the area about the presence of food), but is more likely to reflect an increase in social interactions during feeding and/or the fact that the cost for vocal behaviour is comparatively low after a successful attack.</description><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animal communication</subject><subject>Animal ethology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autoecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cetacea</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Mammalia</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Orcinus orca</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Mammalia</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Orcinus orca</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><topic>Whales & whaling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Deecke, Volker B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ford, John K.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slater, Peter J.B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Animal behaviour</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Deecke, Volker B.</au><au>Ford, John K.B.</au><au>Slater, Peter J.B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The vocal behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales: communicating with costly calls</atitle><jtitle>Animal behaviour</jtitle><date>2005-02-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>395</spage><epage>405</epage><pages>395-405</pages><issn>0003-3472</issn><eissn>1095-8282</eissn><coden>ANBEA8</coden><abstract>The cost of vocal behaviour is usually expressed in energetic terms; however, many animals may pay additional costs when predators or potential prey eavesdrop on their vocal communication. The northeastern Pacific is home to two distinct ecotypes of killer whales,
Orcinus orca, called residents and transients. Resident killer whales feed on fish, a prey with poor hearing abilities, whereas transient killer whales hunt marine mammals, which have sensitive underwater hearing within the frequency range of killer whale vocal communication. In this study, we investigated how the superior hearing ability of mammalian prey has shaped the vocal behaviour of the transient killer whale ecotype. We recorded pulsed calls and the associated behavioural context of groups of transient and resident killer whales in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Transient killer whales produced pulsed calls significantly less frequently than residents. Transient killer whales only showed significant amounts of vocal behaviour after a marine mammal kill or when the whales were displaying surface-active behaviour. Vocal activity of transients increased after a successful attack on a marine mammal. Since marine mammals are able to detect killer whale pulsed calls and respond with antipredator behaviour, the reduced vocal activity of transients is probably due to a greater cost for calling in this ecotype resulting from eavesdropping by potential prey. The increase in vocal behaviour after a successful attack may represent food calling (informing other animals in the area about the presence of food), but is more likely to reflect an increase in social interactions during feeding and/or the fact that the cost for vocal behaviour is comparatively low after a successful attack.</abstract><cop>Kent</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.014</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal behavior Animal communication Animal ethology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Autoecology Biological and medical sciences Cetacea Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Mammalia Marine Orcinus orca Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Vertebrata Whales & whaling |
title | The vocal behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales: communicating with costly calls |
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