Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils
Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Vadose zone journal 2005-08, Vol.4 (3), p.819-827 |
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| creator | Andraski, B.J Stonestrom, D.A Michel, R.L Halford, K.J Radyk, J.C |
| description | Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2136/vzj2005.0052 |
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Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for <0.1% of the total variability in the data. Regression equations based on plant tritium explained 96 and 90% of the variation in root-zone and sub-root-zone soil water vapor concentrations, respectively. The equations were combined with kriged plant-water concentrations to map subsurface contamination. Mapping showed preferential lateral movement of tritium through a dry, coarse-textured layer beneath the root zone, with concurrent upward movement through the root zone. Analysis of subsurface fluxes along a transect perpendicular to the LLRW facility showed that upward diffusive-vapor transport dominates other transport modes beneath native vegetation. Downward advective-liquid transport dominates at one endpoint of the transect, beneath a devegetated road immediately adjacent to the facility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document large-scale subsurface vapor-phase tritium migration from a LLRW facility. Plant-based methods provide a noninvasive, cost-effective approach to mapping subsurface tritium migration in desert areas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1539-1663</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1539-1663</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2136/vzj2005.0052</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Madison: Soil Science Society of America</publisher><subject>Amargosa Desert ; Angiospermae ; Beatty Nevada ; bioaccumulation ; contaminant plumes ; Desert soils ; Dicotyledoneae ; Entisols ; Environmental geology ; environmental monitoring ; Geochemistry ; geostatistics ; hazardous waste ; hydrogen ; indicator species ; isotopes ; kriging ; Larrea tridentata ; low-level waste ; mapping ; Mojave Desert ; Nevada ; Nye County Nevada ; Plantae ; pollutants ; pollution ; radioactive isotopes ; radioactive waste ; radionuclides ; Rosidae ; soil pollution ; soil transport processes ; soils ; Spermatophyta ; statistical analysis ; subsurface vapor phase ; transport ; tritium ; United States ; vapors ; vegetation ; waste disposal ; waste disposal sites ; water vapor</subject><ispartof>Vadose zone journal, 2005-08, Vol.4 (3), p.819-827</ispartof><rights>GeoRef, Copyright 2020, American Geosciences Institute.</rights><rights>Soil Science Society of America</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4302-830e251f7c02b0b9073662e6614032c82c0dd401bf76ec40a9e87042f60a777d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4302-830e251f7c02b0b9073662e6614032c82c0dd401bf76ec40a9e87042f60a777d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2136%2Fvzj2005.0052$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2136%2Fvzj2005.0052$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andraski, B.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stonestrom, D.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michel, R.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halford, K.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radyk, J.C</creatorcontrib><title>Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils</title><title>Vadose zone journal</title><description>Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for <0.1% of the total variability in the data. Regression equations based on plant tritium explained 96 and 90% of the variation in root-zone and sub-root-zone soil water vapor concentrations, respectively. The equations were combined with kriged plant-water concentrations to map subsurface contamination. Mapping showed preferential lateral movement of tritium through a dry, coarse-textured layer beneath the root zone, with concurrent upward movement through the root zone. Analysis of subsurface fluxes along a transect perpendicular to the LLRW facility showed that upward diffusive-vapor transport dominates other transport modes beneath native vegetation. Downward advective-liquid transport dominates at one endpoint of the transect, beneath a devegetated road immediately adjacent to the facility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document large-scale subsurface vapor-phase tritium migration from a LLRW facility. Plant-based methods provide a noninvasive, cost-effective approach to mapping subsurface tritium migration in desert areas.</description><subject>Amargosa Desert</subject><subject>Angiospermae</subject><subject>Beatty Nevada</subject><subject>bioaccumulation</subject><subject>contaminant plumes</subject><subject>Desert soils</subject><subject>Dicotyledoneae</subject><subject>Entisols</subject><subject>Environmental geology</subject><subject>environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>geostatistics</subject><subject>hazardous waste</subject><subject>hydrogen</subject><subject>indicator species</subject><subject>isotopes</subject><subject>kriging</subject><subject>Larrea tridentata</subject><subject>low-level waste</subject><subject>mapping</subject><subject>Mojave Desert</subject><subject>Nevada</subject><subject>Nye County Nevada</subject><subject>Plantae</subject><subject>pollutants</subject><subject>pollution</subject><subject>radioactive isotopes</subject><subject>radioactive waste</subject><subject>radionuclides</subject><subject>Rosidae</subject><subject>soil pollution</subject><subject>soil transport processes</subject><subject>soils</subject><subject>Spermatophyta</subject><subject>statistical analysis</subject><subject>subsurface vapor phase</subject><subject>transport</subject><subject>tritium</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>vapors</subject><subject>vegetation</subject><subject>waste disposal</subject><subject>waste disposal sites</subject><subject>water vapor</subject><issn>1539-1663</issn><issn>1539-1663</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kDFPwzAQRiMEEqWwsZOJBVLOdmo3I0JAQZVAgjKwWI5zqVwlcbATqvLrcZUOTAynu5Ped9K9KDonMKGE8ZvvnzUFmE5C0YNoRKYsSwjn7PDPfBydeL8GIFma0lE0f61U0yW58ljEbdXXmHitKoxr1bamWcW2jDtnOtPXsbZNp2rTqM7YJjZNXKBH18XemsqfRkelqjye7fs4Wj7cv9_Nk8XL49Pd7SJRKQOazBggnZJSaKA55BkIxjlFzkkKjOoZ1VAUKZC8FBx1CirDmYCUlhyUEKJg4-hyuNs6-9Wj72RtvMYqvIG295Jwks2AQQCvB1A7673DUrbO1MptJQG50yX3uuROV8CzAd-YCrf_svLj85nuKiz77NWQXaH12mCjcWNdVci17V0TbMiA8pDlVIhAXwx0qaxUK2e8XL5RIAwI0GnGKPsFQG6F4w</recordid><startdate>200508</startdate><enddate>200508</enddate><creator>Andraski, B.J</creator><creator>Stonestrom, D.A</creator><creator>Michel, R.L</creator><creator>Halford, K.J</creator><creator>Radyk, J.C</creator><general>Soil Science Society of America</general><general>Soil Science Society</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200508</creationdate><title>Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils</title><author>Andraski, B.J ; Stonestrom, D.A ; Michel, R.L ; Halford, K.J ; Radyk, J.C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4302-830e251f7c02b0b9073662e6614032c82c0dd401bf76ec40a9e87042f60a777d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Amargosa Desert</topic><topic>Angiospermae</topic><topic>Beatty Nevada</topic><topic>bioaccumulation</topic><topic>contaminant plumes</topic><topic>Desert soils</topic><topic>Dicotyledoneae</topic><topic>Entisols</topic><topic>Environmental geology</topic><topic>environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>geostatistics</topic><topic>hazardous waste</topic><topic>hydrogen</topic><topic>indicator species</topic><topic>isotopes</topic><topic>kriging</topic><topic>Larrea tridentata</topic><topic>low-level waste</topic><topic>mapping</topic><topic>Mojave Desert</topic><topic>Nevada</topic><topic>Nye County Nevada</topic><topic>Plantae</topic><topic>pollutants</topic><topic>pollution</topic><topic>radioactive isotopes</topic><topic>radioactive waste</topic><topic>radionuclides</topic><topic>Rosidae</topic><topic>soil pollution</topic><topic>soil transport processes</topic><topic>soils</topic><topic>Spermatophyta</topic><topic>statistical analysis</topic><topic>subsurface vapor phase</topic><topic>transport</topic><topic>tritium</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>vapors</topic><topic>vegetation</topic><topic>waste disposal</topic><topic>waste disposal sites</topic><topic>water vapor</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Andraski, B.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stonestrom, D.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michel, R.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halford, K.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radyk, J.C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Vadose zone journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Andraski, B.J</au><au>Stonestrom, D.A</au><au>Michel, R.L</au><au>Halford, K.J</au><au>Radyk, J.C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils</atitle><jtitle>Vadose zone journal</jtitle><date>2005-08</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>819</spage><epage>827</epage><pages>819-827</pages><issn>1539-1663</issn><eissn>1539-1663</eissn><abstract>Plant-based techniques were tested for field-scale evaluation of tritium contamination adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada. Objectives were to (i) characterize and map the spatial variability of tritium in plant water, (ii) develop empirical relations to predict and map subsurface contamination from plant-water concentrations, and (iii) gain insight into tritium migration pathways and processes. Plant sampling [creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Coville] required one-fifth the time of soil water vapor sampling. Plant concentrations were spatially correlated to a separation distance of 380 m; measurement uncertainty accounted for <0.1% of the total variability in the data. Regression equations based on plant tritium explained 96 and 90% of the variation in root-zone and sub-root-zone soil water vapor concentrations, respectively. The equations were combined with kriged plant-water concentrations to map subsurface contamination. Mapping showed preferential lateral movement of tritium through a dry, coarse-textured layer beneath the root zone, with concurrent upward movement through the root zone. Analysis of subsurface fluxes along a transect perpendicular to the LLRW facility showed that upward diffusive-vapor transport dominates other transport modes beneath native vegetation. Downward advective-liquid transport dominates at one endpoint of the transect, beneath a devegetated road immediately adjacent to the facility. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document large-scale subsurface vapor-phase tritium migration from a LLRW facility. Plant-based methods provide a noninvasive, cost-effective approach to mapping subsurface tritium migration in desert areas.</abstract><cop>Madison</cop><pub>Soil Science Society of America</pub><doi>10.2136/vzj2005.0052</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amargosa Desert Angiospermae Beatty Nevada bioaccumulation contaminant plumes Desert soils Dicotyledoneae Entisols Environmental geology environmental monitoring Geochemistry geostatistics hazardous waste hydrogen indicator species isotopes kriging Larrea tridentata low-level waste mapping Mojave Desert Nevada Nye County Nevada Plantae pollutants pollution radioactive isotopes radioactive waste radionuclides Rosidae soil pollution soil transport processes soils Spermatophyta statistical analysis subsurface vapor phase transport tritium United States vapors vegetation waste disposal waste disposal sites water vapor |
| title | Plant-based plume-scale mapping of tritium contamination in desert soils |
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