Toward More Useful In Vitro Toxicity Data with Measured Free Concentrations
In vitro assays and computer models are promising alternatives for in vivo animal testing, but the power of these alternative methods to predict in vivo risk is still very limited. One step forward is to make the outcome of in vitro assays (such as median effect concentrations (EC50 values)) indepen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2004-12, Vol.38 (23), p.6263-6270 |
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| container_title | Environmental science & technology |
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| creator | Heringa, Minne B Schreurs, Richard H. M. M Busser, Frans Van Der Saag, Paul T Van Der Burg, Bart Hermens, Joop L. M |
| description | In vitro assays and computer models are promising alternatives for in vivo animal testing, but the power of these alternative methods to predict in vivo risk is still very limited. One step forward is to make the outcome of in vitro assays (such as median effect concentrations (EC50 values)) independent of assay conditions such as protein content. Here we show that measured free concentrations of chemicals in the in vitro assay medium result in system-independent EC50 values. We introduce a very simple method to measure free concentrations in miniature test systems using negligible depletion solid-phase microextraction. The generated data are much more suitable for extrapolation to in vivo, provide unbiased input for computational methods (for example, quantitative structure−activity relationships), and can shed an entirely different light on the activity of environmental contaminants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es049285w |
| format | Article |
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| subjects | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Cattle Cell Survival Chemicals Contamination Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Estradiol - blood Forecasting Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Models, Biological Phenols - blood Proteins - analysis Risk Assessment Toxicity Toxicity Tests |
| title | Toward More Useful In Vitro Toxicity Data with Measured Free Concentrations |
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