Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt
The present study was conducted to characterize the Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) waste generated from oil and gas production. The waste was characterized by means of dry screening solid fractionation, X-ray analysis (XRF and XRD) and γ-ray spectrometry. Se...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental radioactivity 2005, Vol.82 (1), p.7-19 |
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| creator | El Afifi, E.M. Awwad, N.S. |
| description | The present study was conducted to characterize the Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) waste generated from oil and gas production. The waste was characterized by means of dry screening solid fractionation, X-ray analysis (XRF and XRD) and γ-ray spectrometry. Sediment of the TE-NORM waste was fractionated into ten fractions with particle sizes varying from less than 100
μm to more than 3
mm. The results showed that the TE-NORM waste contains mainly radionuclides of the
238U,
235U and
232Th series. The mean activity concentrations of
226Ra (of U-series),
228Ra (of Th-series) and
40K in the waste samples before fractionation (i.e. 3
mm) were found to amount to 68.9, 24 and 1.3
Bq/g (dry weight), respectively. After dry fractionation, the activity concentrations were widely distributed and enriched in certain fractions. This represented a 1.48 and 1.82-fold enrichment of
226Ra and
228Ra, respectively, in fraction F8 (2.0–2.5
mm) over those in bulk TE-NORM waste samples. The activity ratios of
238U/
226Ra,
210Pb/
226Ra,
223Ra/
226Ra and
228Ra/
224Ra were calculated and evaluated. Activity of the most hazardous radionuclide
226Ra was found to be higher than the exemption levels established by IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency, 1994. International Basic Safety Standards for the Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. GOV/2715/94, Vienna]. The radium equivalent activity (Ra-eq), radon (
222Rn) emanation coefficient (EC) and absorbed dose rate (
D
γr) were estimated and these are further discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.001 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16192665</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0265931X04003315</els_id><sourcerecordid>16192665</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-99aec3734cbf9513bc2699a4403fd5eff668ff366f6d5ea3503ec38df4ee643e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0cFq3DAQBmBRWppt2kdo0aU91a5kybJ9KmHZJoGkgZBCb2JWGmW1eO2tJCekTx8la8gxJyHxzWj4h5DPnJWccfVjW25xuAtgy4oxWXJeMsbfkAVvm67gDWNvyYJVqi46wf8ekQ8xbjNoWFu9J0e8bqtOCLEgfrmBACZh8P8h-XGgo6Npg_RmVfy-ur6k9xATUohxNB4SWnrv04aOvqcwWDpAmgL09BYi3YfRTua5hx_oyXqi15NFH7_T1e3DPn0k7xz0ET_N5zH582t1szwrLq5Oz5cnF4WRdZ2KrgM0ohHSrF1Xc7E2lcpvUjLhbI3OKdU6J5RyKl9B1Exk31onEZUUKI7Jt0PfPM-_CWPSOx8N9j0MOE5Rc8W7Sqn6dSgbKZqKZ1gfoAljjAGd3ge_g_CgOdNPy9BbPS9DPy1Dc65z1rnuy_zBtN6hfama08_g6wwgGuhdgMH4-OJUoyrZyex-Hhzm3O48Bh2Nx8Gg9QFN0nb0r4zyCF6CqvE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>14743721</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>El Afifi, E.M. ; Awwad, N.S.</creator><creatorcontrib>El Afifi, E.M. ; Awwad, N.S.</creatorcontrib><description>The present study was conducted to characterize the Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) waste generated from oil and gas production. The waste was characterized by means of dry screening solid fractionation, X-ray analysis (XRF and XRD) and γ-ray spectrometry. Sediment of the TE-NORM waste was fractionated into ten fractions with particle sizes varying from less than 100
μm to more than 3
mm. The results showed that the TE-NORM waste contains mainly radionuclides of the
238U,
235U and
232Th series. The mean activity concentrations of
226Ra (of U-series),
228Ra (of Th-series) and
40K in the waste samples before fractionation (i.e. 3
mm) were found to amount to 68.9, 24 and 1.3
Bq/g (dry weight), respectively. After dry fractionation, the activity concentrations were widely distributed and enriched in certain fractions. This represented a 1.48 and 1.82-fold enrichment of
226Ra and
228Ra, respectively, in fraction F8 (2.0–2.5
mm) over those in bulk TE-NORM waste samples. The activity ratios of
238U/
226Ra,
210Pb/
226Ra,
223Ra/
226Ra and
228Ra/
224Ra were calculated and evaluated. Activity of the most hazardous radionuclide
226Ra was found to be higher than the exemption levels established by IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency, 1994. International Basic Safety Standards for the Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. GOV/2715/94, Vienna]. The radium equivalent activity (Ra-eq), radon (
222Rn) emanation coefficient (EC) and absorbed dose rate (
D
γr) were estimated and these are further discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0265-931X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1700</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15829333</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JERAEE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Egypt ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Exact sciences and technology ; Extraction and Processing Industry ; Fractionation ; Humans ; Metals - analysis ; Natural series ; Occupational Exposure ; Oil and gas production ; Particle Size ; Petroleum ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation indices ; Radiation Monitoring ; Radioactive Waste - analysis ; Radioactive wastes ; Radioisotopes - analysis ; Radioisotopes - standards ; Spectrometry, Gamma ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Spectroscopic analysis ; TE-NORM ; Wastes ; X-Ray Diffraction</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2005, Vol.82 (1), p.7-19</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-99aec3734cbf9513bc2699a4403fd5eff668ff366f6d5ea3503ec38df4ee643e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-99aec3734cbf9513bc2699a4403fd5eff668ff366f6d5ea3503ec38df4ee643e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.001$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,4024,27923,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16762494$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15829333$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>El Afifi, E.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awwad, N.S.</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt</title><title>Journal of environmental radioactivity</title><addtitle>J Environ Radioact</addtitle><description>The present study was conducted to characterize the Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) waste generated from oil and gas production. The waste was characterized by means of dry screening solid fractionation, X-ray analysis (XRF and XRD) and γ-ray spectrometry. Sediment of the TE-NORM waste was fractionated into ten fractions with particle sizes varying from less than 100
μm to more than 3
mm. The results showed that the TE-NORM waste contains mainly radionuclides of the
238U,
235U and
232Th series. The mean activity concentrations of
226Ra (of U-series),
228Ra (of Th-series) and
40K in the waste samples before fractionation (i.e. 3
mm) were found to amount to 68.9, 24 and 1.3
Bq/g (dry weight), respectively. After dry fractionation, the activity concentrations were widely distributed and enriched in certain fractions. This represented a 1.48 and 1.82-fold enrichment of
226Ra and
228Ra, respectively, in fraction F8 (2.0–2.5
mm) over those in bulk TE-NORM waste samples. The activity ratios of
238U/
226Ra,
210Pb/
226Ra,
223Ra/
226Ra and
228Ra/
224Ra were calculated and evaluated. Activity of the most hazardous radionuclide
226Ra was found to be higher than the exemption levels established by IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency, 1994. International Basic Safety Standards for the Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. GOV/2715/94, Vienna]. The radium equivalent activity (Ra-eq), radon (
222Rn) emanation coefficient (EC) and absorbed dose rate (
D
γr) were estimated and these are further discussed.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Egypt</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Extraction and Processing Industry</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Metals - analysis</subject><subject>Natural series</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure</subject><subject>Oil and gas production</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Radiation Dosage</subject><subject>Radiation indices</subject><subject>Radiation Monitoring</subject><subject>Radioactive Waste - analysis</subject><subject>Radioactive wastes</subject><subject>Radioisotopes - analysis</subject><subject>Radioisotopes - standards</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Gamma</subject><subject>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</subject><subject>Spectroscopic analysis</subject><subject>TE-NORM</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>X-Ray Diffraction</subject><issn>0265-931X</issn><issn>1879-1700</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0cFq3DAQBmBRWppt2kdo0aU91a5kybJ9KmHZJoGkgZBCb2JWGmW1eO2tJCekTx8la8gxJyHxzWj4h5DPnJWccfVjW25xuAtgy4oxWXJeMsbfkAVvm67gDWNvyYJVqi46wf8ekQ8xbjNoWFu9J0e8bqtOCLEgfrmBACZh8P8h-XGgo6Npg_RmVfy-ur6k9xATUohxNB4SWnrv04aOvqcwWDpAmgL09BYi3YfRTua5hx_oyXqi15NFH7_T1e3DPn0k7xz0ET_N5zH582t1szwrLq5Oz5cnF4WRdZ2KrgM0ohHSrF1Xc7E2lcpvUjLhbI3OKdU6J5RyKl9B1Exk31onEZUUKI7Jt0PfPM-_CWPSOx8N9j0MOE5Rc8W7Sqn6dSgbKZqKZ1gfoAljjAGd3ge_g_CgOdNPy9BbPS9DPy1Dc65z1rnuy_zBtN6hfama08_g6wwgGuhdgMH4-OJUoyrZyex-Hhzm3O48Bh2Nx8Gg9QFN0nb0r4zyCF6CqvE</recordid><startdate>2005</startdate><enddate>2005</enddate><creator>El Afifi, E.M.</creator><creator>Awwad, N.S.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2005</creationdate><title>Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt</title><author>El Afifi, E.M. ; Awwad, N.S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-99aec3734cbf9513bc2699a4403fd5eff668ff366f6d5ea3503ec38df4ee643e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Egypt</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Extraction and Processing Industry</topic><topic>Fractionation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Metals - analysis</topic><topic>Natural series</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure</topic><topic>Oil and gas production</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Petroleum</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Radiation Dosage</topic><topic>Radiation indices</topic><topic>Radiation Monitoring</topic><topic>Radioactive Waste - analysis</topic><topic>Radioactive wastes</topic><topic>Radioisotopes - analysis</topic><topic>Radioisotopes - standards</topic><topic>Spectrometry, Gamma</topic><topic>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</topic><topic>Spectroscopic analysis</topic><topic>TE-NORM</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>X-Ray Diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>El Afifi, E.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awwad, N.S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of environmental radioactivity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>El Afifi, E.M.</au><au>Awwad, N.S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt</atitle><jtitle>Journal of environmental radioactivity</jtitle><addtitle>J Environ Radioact</addtitle><date>2005</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>7</spage><epage>19</epage><pages>7-19</pages><issn>0265-931X</issn><eissn>1879-1700</eissn><coden>JERAEE</coden><abstract>The present study was conducted to characterize the Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) waste generated from oil and gas production. The waste was characterized by means of dry screening solid fractionation, X-ray analysis (XRF and XRD) and γ-ray spectrometry. Sediment of the TE-NORM waste was fractionated into ten fractions with particle sizes varying from less than 100
μm to more than 3
mm. The results showed that the TE-NORM waste contains mainly radionuclides of the
238U,
235U and
232Th series. The mean activity concentrations of
226Ra (of U-series),
228Ra (of Th-series) and
40K in the waste samples before fractionation (i.e. 3
mm) were found to amount to 68.9, 24 and 1.3
Bq/g (dry weight), respectively. After dry fractionation, the activity concentrations were widely distributed and enriched in certain fractions. This represented a 1.48 and 1.82-fold enrichment of
226Ra and
228Ra, respectively, in fraction F8 (2.0–2.5
mm) over those in bulk TE-NORM waste samples. The activity ratios of
238U/
226Ra,
210Pb/
226Ra,
223Ra/
226Ra and
228Ra/
224Ra were calculated and evaluated. Activity of the most hazardous radionuclide
226Ra was found to be higher than the exemption levels established by IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency, 1994. International Basic Safety Standards for the Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. GOV/2715/94, Vienna]. The radium equivalent activity (Ra-eq), radon (
222Rn) emanation coefficient (EC) and absorbed dose rate (
D
γr) were estimated and these are further discussed.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>15829333</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.11.001</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0265-931X |
| ispartof | Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2005, Vol.82 (1), p.7-19 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16192665 |
| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Applied sciences Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Egypt Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Exact sciences and technology Extraction and Processing Industry Fractionation Humans Metals - analysis Natural series Occupational Exposure Oil and gas production Particle Size Petroleum Pollution Pollution, environment geology Radiation Dosage Radiation indices Radiation Monitoring Radioactive Waste - analysis Radioactive wastes Radioisotopes - analysis Radioisotopes - standards Spectrometry, Gamma Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission Spectroscopic analysis TE-NORM Wastes X-Ray Diffraction |
| title | Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt |
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