Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: maximizing sludge loading
Highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges that have been collected in tanks at Oak Ridge over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the sludges in the different tank sets was tested prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper is the third one i...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental management 2004-03, Vol.70 (3), p.215-233 |
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description | Highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges that have been collected in tanks at Oak Ridge over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the sludges in the different tank sets was tested prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper is the third one in a series on the laboratory stabilization/solidification of these tank sludges. It discusses efforts to maximize the sludge loading with no strength criterion for the grout formulation. Grout formulations were tested in the laboratory both with surrogates and with actual samples of tank sludge. Hydrogels eliminated free water generation, even at sludge loadings of >90
wt%, albeit strong monoliths did not form at such high loadings. Correlations established the dependence of the chromium and mercury performance in the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure for the surrogates on the slag content of the grout while the lead performance depended on the extract pH. The surrogate sludge loading was limited by the chromate content to about 90
wt%, meeting Universal Treatment Standard limits. However, tests with actual sludges at such high loadings revealed problems with lead and silver stabilization that were not experienced with the surrogate testing. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.008 |
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wt%, albeit strong monoliths did not form at such high loadings. Correlations established the dependence of the chromium and mercury performance in the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure for the surrogates on the slag content of the grout while the lead performance depended on the extract pH. The surrogate sludge loading was limited by the chromate content to about 90
wt%, meeting Universal Treatment Standard limits. However, tests with actual sludges at such high loadings revealed problems with lead and silver stabilization that were not experienced with the surrogate testing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-4797</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-8630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.008</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15036695</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEVMAW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Cadmium ; Cement ; Chromium ; Chromium - analysis ; Chromium - isolation & purification ; Chromium - toxicity ; Construction Materials ; Exact sciences and technology ; Hydrogel ; Hydrogels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Laboratories ; Lead ; Materials Testing ; Mercury ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Metals, Heavy - isolation & purification ; Metals, Heavy - toxicity ; Nuclear Physics ; Pollution ; Radioactive Waste ; Slag ; Sludge ; Solidification ; Stabilization ; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods ; Wastes ; Water Movements</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental management, 2004-03, Vol.70 (3), p.215-233</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Academic Press Ltd. Mar 2004</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-b79c1d5694f0091b4b79082a4c623a10d0d9481ee865965c75e31ef80e47d8743</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.008$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15487936$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15036695$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Spence, R.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattus, A.J</creatorcontrib><title>Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: maximizing sludge loading</title><title>Journal of environmental management</title><addtitle>J Environ Manage</addtitle><description>Highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges that have been collected in tanks at Oak Ridge over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the sludges in the different tank sets was tested prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper is the third one in a series on the laboratory stabilization/solidification of these tank sludges. It discusses efforts to maximize the sludge loading with no strength criterion for the grout formulation. Grout formulations were tested in the laboratory both with surrogates and with actual samples of tank sludge. Hydrogels eliminated free water generation, even at sludge loadings of >90
wt%, albeit strong monoliths did not form at such high loadings. Correlations established the dependence of the chromium and mercury performance in the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure for the surrogates on the slag content of the grout while the lead performance depended on the extract pH. The surrogate sludge loading was limited by the chromate content to about 90
wt%, meeting Universal Treatment Standard limits. However, tests with actual sludges at such high loadings revealed problems with lead and silver stabilization that were not experienced with the surrogate testing.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cement</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Chromium - analysis</subject><subject>Chromium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Chromium - toxicity</subject><subject>Construction Materials</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Hydrogel</subject><subject>Hydrogels</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - toxicity</subject><subject>Nuclear Physics</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Radioactive Waste</subject><subject>Slag</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>Solidification</subject><subject>Stabilization</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>Water Movements</subject><issn>0301-4797</issn><issn>1095-8630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkF9r1jAUh4M43LvpR1CKoHftzmnzp_FmyHAqvDAYeh3SJB2pbTOTdrh9-mW-BcUbrw7n8JwfPx5CXiNUCMjPhmpw892k56oGaCqsK4D2GdkhSFa2vIHnZAcNYEmFFMfkJKUBMlijeEGOkUHDuWQ7cr3XXYh6CfG-SIvu_Ogf9OLDfJbC6K3vvfm9FqEvFj3_KNK42huXPhST_uUn_-Dnm-1WjEHbvL4kR70ek3u1zVPy_fLTt4sv5f7q89eLj_vSUCqXshPSoGVc0h5AYkfzAdpaU8PrRiNYsJK26FzLmeTMCOYadH0LjgrbCtqckveH3NsYfq4uLWryybhx1LMLa1LIUdRUQgbf_gMOYY1z7qZQMo6M1iJD7ACZGFKKrle30U863isE9WRcDWozrp6MK6xVNp7_3mzhazc5--drU5yBdxugk9FjH_VsfPqLo62QDc_c-YFz2dmdd1El491snPXRmUXZ4P9T5RHMHaFJ</recordid><startdate>20040301</startdate><enddate>20040301</enddate><creator>Spence, R.D</creator><creator>Mattus, A.J</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Academic Press Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040301</creationdate><title>Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: maximizing sludge loading</title><author>Spence, R.D ; Mattus, A.J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-b79c1d5694f0091b4b79082a4c623a10d0d9481ee865965c75e31ef80e47d8743</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Cement</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Chromium - analysis</topic><topic>Chromium - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Chromium - toxicity</topic><topic>Construction Materials</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Hydrogel</topic><topic>Hydrogels</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - toxicity</topic><topic>Nuclear Physics</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Radioactive Waste</topic><topic>Slag</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>Solidification</topic><topic>Stabilization</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>Water Movements</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Spence, R.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattus, A.J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of environmental management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Spence, R.D</au><au>Mattus, A.J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: maximizing sludge loading</atitle><jtitle>Journal of environmental management</jtitle><addtitle>J Environ Manage</addtitle><date>2004-03-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>215</spage><epage>233</epage><pages>215-233</pages><issn>0301-4797</issn><eissn>1095-8630</eissn><coden>JEVMAW</coden><abstract>Highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges that have been collected in tanks at Oak Ridge over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the sludges in the different tank sets was tested prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper is the third one in a series on the laboratory stabilization/solidification of these tank sludges. It discusses efforts to maximize the sludge loading with no strength criterion for the grout formulation. Grout formulations were tested in the laboratory both with surrogates and with actual samples of tank sludge. Hydrogels eliminated free water generation, even at sludge loadings of >90
wt%, albeit strong monoliths did not form at such high loadings. Correlations established the dependence of the chromium and mercury performance in the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure for the surrogates on the slag content of the grout while the lead performance depended on the extract pH. The surrogate sludge loading was limited by the chromate content to about 90
wt%, meeting Universal Treatment Standard limits. However, tests with actual sludges at such high loadings revealed problems with lead and silver stabilization that were not experienced with the surrogate testing.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>15036695</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.008</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Applied sciences Cadmium Cement Chromium Chromium - analysis Chromium - isolation & purification Chromium - toxicity Construction Materials Exact sciences and technology Hydrogel Hydrogels Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Laboratories Lead Materials Testing Mercury Metals, Heavy - analysis Metals, Heavy - isolation & purification Metals, Heavy - toxicity Nuclear Physics Pollution Radioactive Waste Slag Sludge Solidification Stabilization Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Wastes Water Movements |
title | Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: maximizing sludge loading |
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