Biosolids Decomposition after Surface Applications in West Texas
ABSTRACT In a semiarid environment, climate is a critical factor in the decomposition of surface‐applied biosolids. This study examined the effect of 2‐ to 7‐yr exposure times on the composition of single applications of New York, NY biosolids in western Texas. Exposure time effects on organic matte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental quality 2003-09, Vol.32 (5), p.1773-1781 |
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| creator | Jaynes, W. F. Zartman, R. E. Sosebee, R. E. Wester, D. B. |
| description | ABSTRACT
In a semiarid environment, climate is a critical factor in the decomposition of surface‐applied biosolids. This study examined the effect of 2‐ to 7‐yr exposure times on the composition of single applications of New York, NY biosolids in western Texas. Exposure time effects on organic matter, N, P, S, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Zn were studied near Sierra Blanca, TX. Due to organic matter decomposition, total organic C decreased from 340 g kg−1 in fresh biosolids to 180 g kg−1 in biosolids after 82 mo of exposure, whereas the inorganic ash content of the biosolids increased from 339 to 600 g kg−1 Total N decreased from 50 to 10 g N kg−1 and total S decreased from 12 to 6 g S kg−1 Bicarbonate‐available P in the biosolids decreased from 0.9 to 0.2 g kg−1 Successive H2O extractions yielded soluble P concentrations consistent with dicalcium phosphate (dical) for fresh biosolids and tricalcium phosphate (trical) for biosolids exposed for 59 months or more. Sparingly soluble phosphates, such as dical and trical, potentially yield >0.5 mg P L−1 in runoff waters for extended periods after biosolids applications, especially after multiple applications. Selective dissolution of the biosolids indicated that as much as 66 to 78% of P exists as iron phosphates, 16 to 21% as Fe oxides, and 5 to 12% as insoluble Ca phosphates. Chemical analyses of ash samples suggest that Cu and Zn have been lost from biosolids through leaching or runoff and no losses of Pb, Cr, or Hg have occurred since application. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2134/jeq2003.1773 |
| format | Article |
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In a semiarid environment, climate is a critical factor in the decomposition of surface‐applied biosolids. This study examined the effect of 2‐ to 7‐yr exposure times on the composition of single applications of New York, NY biosolids in western Texas. Exposure time effects on organic matter, N, P, S, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Zn were studied near Sierra Blanca, TX. Due to organic matter decomposition, total organic C decreased from 340 g kg−1 in fresh biosolids to 180 g kg−1 in biosolids after 82 mo of exposure, whereas the inorganic ash content of the biosolids increased from 339 to 600 g kg−1 Total N decreased from 50 to 10 g N kg−1 and total S decreased from 12 to 6 g S kg−1 Bicarbonate‐available P in the biosolids decreased from 0.9 to 0.2 g kg−1 Successive H2O extractions yielded soluble P concentrations consistent with dicalcium phosphate (dical) for fresh biosolids and tricalcium phosphate (trical) for biosolids exposed for 59 months or more. Sparingly soluble phosphates, such as dical and trical, potentially yield >0.5 mg P L−1 in runoff waters for extended periods after biosolids applications, especially after multiple applications. Selective dissolution of the biosolids indicated that as much as 66 to 78% of P exists as iron phosphates, 16 to 21% as Fe oxides, and 5 to 12% as insoluble Ca phosphates. Chemical analyses of ash samples suggest that Cu and Zn have been lost from biosolids through leaching or runoff and no losses of Pb, Cr, or Hg have occurred since application.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0047-2425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-2537</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.1773</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14535320</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEVQAA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Madison: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society</publisher><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; Applied sciences ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biosolids ; Calcium phosphates ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Continental surface waters ; Decomposition ; Desert Climate ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agronomy. Plant production ; Iron phosphates ; Leaching ; Lead ; Mercury ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Natural water pollution ; Organic Chemicals - analysis ; Organic matter ; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries ; Pollution ; Refuse Disposal ; Runoff ; Semiarid environments ; Sewage - chemistry ; Soil and water pollution ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil science ; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments ; Texas ; Water Pollutants - analysis ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental quality, 2003-09, Vol.32 (5), p.1773-1781</ispartof><rights>ASA, CSSA, SSSA</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Agronomy Sep/Oct 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4893-359cc87330b19501682711533754f29ebfcfa5eaac173fbc333a316785f2364c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4893-359cc87330b19501682711533754f29ebfcfa5eaac173fbc333a316785f2364c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2134%2Fjeq2003.1773$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2134%2Fjeq2003.1773$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15130097$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14535320$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jaynes, W. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zartman, R. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sosebee, R. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wester, D. B.</creatorcontrib><title>Biosolids Decomposition after Surface Applications in West Texas</title><title>Journal of environmental quality</title><addtitle>J Environ Qual</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
In a semiarid environment, climate is a critical factor in the decomposition of surface‐applied biosolids. This study examined the effect of 2‐ to 7‐yr exposure times on the composition of single applications of New York, NY biosolids in western Texas. Exposure time effects on organic matter, N, P, S, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Zn were studied near Sierra Blanca, TX. Due to organic matter decomposition, total organic C decreased from 340 g kg−1 in fresh biosolids to 180 g kg−1 in biosolids after 82 mo of exposure, whereas the inorganic ash content of the biosolids increased from 339 to 600 g kg−1 Total N decreased from 50 to 10 g N kg−1 and total S decreased from 12 to 6 g S kg−1 Bicarbonate‐available P in the biosolids decreased from 0.9 to 0.2 g kg−1 Successive H2O extractions yielded soluble P concentrations consistent with dicalcium phosphate (dical) for fresh biosolids and tricalcium phosphate (trical) for biosolids exposed for 59 months or more. Sparingly soluble phosphates, such as dical and trical, potentially yield >0.5 mg P L−1 in runoff waters for extended periods after biosolids applications, especially after multiple applications. Selective dissolution of the biosolids indicated that as much as 66 to 78% of P exists as iron phosphates, 16 to 21% as Fe oxides, and 5 to 12% as insoluble Ca phosphates. Chemical analyses of ash samples suggest that Cu and Zn have been lost from biosolids through leaching or runoff and no losses of Pb, Cr, or Hg have occurred since application.</description><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biosolids</subject><subject>Calcium phosphates</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Continental surface waters</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>Desert Climate</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>Iron phosphates</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals - analysis</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Refuse Disposal</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Semiarid environments</subject><subject>Sewage - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil and water pollution</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Soil science</subject><subject>Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments</subject><subject>Texas</subject><subject>Water Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0047-2425</issn><issn>1537-2537</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMFLHDEUh4Mouq699VyGQj25mpeXTGZu1dVaRSiliseQjQlkmZ2MyQ7qf9-MO7DQQz0keSQf7_3yEfIZ6CkD5GdL-8woxVOQEnfIBATKGcvbLplQynPNmTgghyktKQVGZblPDoALFMjohHy_8CGFxj-l4tKasOpC8msf2kK7tY3Fnz46bWxx3nWNN3p4SYVvi0eb1sW9fdXpiOw53ST7aTyn5OHH1f385-zu1_XN_PxuZnhV4wxFbUwlEekCakGhrJiEnBWl4I7VduGM08JqbUCiWxhE1AilrIRjWHKDU3K86dvF8Nzn8Wrlk7FNo1sb-qSghLKGin8M8lJKnmVNydd_wGXoY5s_oaCWnIqqZBk62UAmhpSidaqLfqXjmwKqBv9q9K8G_xn_MvbsFyv7tIVH4Rn4NgI6Gd24qFvj05YTgJTWQ7h6w734xr79d6i6vfrNhpUv3kP8BZCzm8g</recordid><startdate>200309</startdate><enddate>200309</enddate><creator>Jaynes, W. F.</creator><creator>Zartman, R. E.</creator><creator>Sosebee, R. E.</creator><creator>Wester, D. 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F. ; Zartman, R. E. ; Sosebee, R. E. ; Wester, D. B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4893-359cc87330b19501682711533754f29ebfcfa5eaac173fbc333a316785f2364c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biosolids</topic><topic>Calcium phosphates</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>Continental surface waters</topic><topic>Decomposition</topic><topic>Desert Climate</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Iron phosphates</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals - analysis</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Refuse Disposal</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Semiarid environments</topic><topic>Sewage - chemistry</topic><topic>Soil and water pollution</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Soil science</topic><topic>Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments</topic><topic>Texas</topic><topic>Water Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jaynes, W. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zartman, R. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sosebee, R. 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F.</au><au>Zartman, R. E.</au><au>Sosebee, R. E.</au><au>Wester, D. B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biosolids Decomposition after Surface Applications in West Texas</atitle><jtitle>Journal of environmental quality</jtitle><addtitle>J Environ Qual</addtitle><date>2003-09</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1773</spage><epage>1781</epage><pages>1773-1781</pages><issn>0047-2425</issn><eissn>1537-2537</eissn><coden>JEVQAA</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
In a semiarid environment, climate is a critical factor in the decomposition of surface‐applied biosolids. This study examined the effect of 2‐ to 7‐yr exposure times on the composition of single applications of New York, NY biosolids in western Texas. Exposure time effects on organic matter, N, P, S, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Zn were studied near Sierra Blanca, TX. Due to organic matter decomposition, total organic C decreased from 340 g kg−1 in fresh biosolids to 180 g kg−1 in biosolids after 82 mo of exposure, whereas the inorganic ash content of the biosolids increased from 339 to 600 g kg−1 Total N decreased from 50 to 10 g N kg−1 and total S decreased from 12 to 6 g S kg−1 Bicarbonate‐available P in the biosolids decreased from 0.9 to 0.2 g kg−1 Successive H2O extractions yielded soluble P concentrations consistent with dicalcium phosphate (dical) for fresh biosolids and tricalcium phosphate (trical) for biosolids exposed for 59 months or more. Sparingly soluble phosphates, such as dical and trical, potentially yield >0.5 mg P L−1 in runoff waters for extended periods after biosolids applications, especially after multiple applications. Selective dissolution of the biosolids indicated that as much as 66 to 78% of P exists as iron phosphates, 16 to 21% as Fe oxides, and 5 to 12% as insoluble Ca phosphates. Chemical analyses of ash samples suggest that Cu and Zn have been lost from biosolids through leaching or runoff and no losses of Pb, Cr, or Hg have occurred since application.</abstract><cop>Madison</cop><pub>American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society</pub><pmid>14535320</pmid><doi>10.2134/jeq2003.1773</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Biosolids Calcium phosphates Conservation of Natural Resources Continental surface waters Decomposition Desert Climate Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Iron phosphates Leaching Lead Mercury Metals, Heavy - analysis Natural water pollution Organic Chemicals - analysis Organic matter Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries Pollution Refuse Disposal Runoff Semiarid environments Sewage - chemistry Soil and water pollution Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil science Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments Texas Water Pollutants - analysis Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Biosolids Decomposition after Surface Applications in West Texas |
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