Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area
Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate sulfate and nitrate, gaseous nitric acid, ozone and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured during the winter season (1999–2000) and summer season (2000) in an urban area (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The average particulate n...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Chemosphere (Oxford) 2002-11, Vol.49 (6), p.675-684 |
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| creator | Khoder, M.I |
| description | Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate sulfate and nitrate, gaseous nitric acid, ozone and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured during the winter season (1999–2000) and summer season (2000) in an urban area (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The average particulate nitrate concentrations were 6.20 and 9.80 μg
m
−3, while the average gaseous nitric acid concentrations were 1.14 and 6.70 μg
m
−3 in the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The average sulfate concentrations were 15.32 μg
m
−3 during the winter and 25.10 μg
m
−3 during the summer season. The highest average concentration ratio of gaseous nitric acid to total nitrate was found during the summer season. Particulate sulfate and nitrate and gaseous nitric acid concentrations were relatively higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) defined in the text were calculated from the field measurement data. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) in the summer were about 2.22 and 2.97 times higher than those in the winter season, respectively. Moreover, sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) were higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime during the both seasons. The sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) increases with increasing ozone concentration and relative humidity. This indicates that the droplet phase reactions and gas phase reactions are important for the oxidation of SO
2 to sulfate. Moreover, the nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) increases with increasing ozone concentration, and the gas phase reactions are important and predominant for the oxidation of NO
2 to nitrate. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00391-0 |
| format | Article |
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m
−3, while the average gaseous nitric acid concentrations were 1.14 and 6.70 μg
m
−3 in the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The average sulfate concentrations were 15.32 μg
m
−3 during the winter and 25.10 μg
m
−3 during the summer season. The highest average concentration ratio of gaseous nitric acid to total nitrate was found during the summer season. Particulate sulfate and nitrate and gaseous nitric acid concentrations were relatively higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) defined in the text were calculated from the field measurement data. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) in the summer were about 2.22 and 2.97 times higher than those in the winter season, respectively. Moreover, sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) were higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime during the both seasons. The sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) increases with increasing ozone concentration and relative humidity. This indicates that the droplet phase reactions and gas phase reactions are important for the oxidation of SO
2 to sulfate. Moreover, the nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) increases with increasing ozone concentration, and the gas phase reactions are important and predominant for the oxidation of NO
2 to nitrate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-6535</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00391-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12430655</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMSHAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Applied sciences ; Atmosphere - analysis ; Atmosphere - chemistry ; Atmospheric pollution ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Humidity ; Nitrates ; Nitrates - analysis ; Nitrates - chemistry ; Nitric Acid - analysis ; Nitric Acid - chemistry ; Nitrogen conversion ratio ; Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis ; Nitrogen Dioxide - chemistry ; Ozone ; Ozone - analysis ; Particle Size ; Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution ; Pollution ; Seasons ; Sulfate ; Sulfates - analysis ; Sulfates - chemistry ; Sulfur conversion ratio ; Sulfur Dioxide - analysis ; Sulfur Dioxide - chemistry ; Time Factors ; Urban air pollution</subject><ispartof>Chemosphere (Oxford), 2002-11, Vol.49 (6), p.675-684</ispartof><rights>2002 Elsevier Science Ltd</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c571t-7693a93e0d99781472012216db63e6e7e0858818dbde3f9b2ae60d5bea41701f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c571t-7693a93e0d99781472012216db63e6e7e0858818dbde3f9b2ae60d5bea41701f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00391-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3541,27915,27916,45986</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13947467$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12430655$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khoder, M.I</creatorcontrib><title>Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area</title><title>Chemosphere (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><description>Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate sulfate and nitrate, gaseous nitric acid, ozone and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured during the winter season (1999–2000) and summer season (2000) in an urban area (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The average particulate nitrate concentrations were 6.20 and 9.80 μg
m
−3, while the average gaseous nitric acid concentrations were 1.14 and 6.70 μg
m
−3 in the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The average sulfate concentrations were 15.32 μg
m
−3 during the winter and 25.10 μg
m
−3 during the summer season. The highest average concentration ratio of gaseous nitric acid to total nitrate was found during the summer season. Particulate sulfate and nitrate and gaseous nitric acid concentrations were relatively higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) defined in the text were calculated from the field measurement data. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) in the summer were about 2.22 and 2.97 times higher than those in the winter season, respectively. Moreover, sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) were higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime during the both seasons. The sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) increases with increasing ozone concentration and relative humidity. This indicates that the droplet phase reactions and gas phase reactions are important for the oxidation of SO
2 to sulfate. Moreover, the nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) increases with increasing ozone concentration, and the gas phase reactions are important and predominant for the oxidation of NO
2 to nitrate.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmosphere - analysis</subject><subject>Atmosphere - chemistry</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Data Interpretation, Statistical</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrates - analysis</subject><subject>Nitrates - chemistry</subject><subject>Nitric Acid - analysis</subject><subject>Nitric Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Nitrogen conversion ratio</subject><subject>Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis</subject><subject>Nitrogen Dioxide - chemistry</subject><subject>Ozone</subject><subject>Ozone - analysis</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sulfate</subject><subject>Sulfates - analysis</subject><subject>Sulfates - chemistry</subject><subject>Sulfur conversion ratio</subject><subject>Sulfur Dioxide - analysis</subject><subject>Sulfur Dioxide - chemistry</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Urban air pollution</subject><issn>0045-6535</issn><issn>1879-1298</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1TAQhS0EoreFRwB5AyqLwPg38aqqKv6kSiyAteXYk2KUG1_spIL34IFx7r3QFerGI_l8Z2Y0h5BnDF4zYPrNZwCpGq2EOgf-CkAY1sADsmFdaxrGTfeQbP4hJ-S0lO8A1ajMY3LCuBSgldqQ35fzNpXdN8zRU5-mW8wlpommgZZlHJZMQ0w_Y0A6J7pzeY5-Gd2Me3Wtbgp0inNONzj9j131v-yNK5iWsv-rI52PgcapSnTJfX1dRveEPBrcWPDpsZ6Rr-_efrn60Fx_ev_x6vK68aplc9NqI5wRCMGYtmOy5cA4Zzr0WqDGFqFTXce60AcUg-m5Qw1B9egka4EN4oy8PPTd5fRjwTLbbSwex9FN646WaSa5YPJ-UGqpu85UUB1An1MpGQe7y3Hr8i_LwK652X1udg3FArf73CxU3_PjgKXfYrhzHYOqwIsj4Ip345Dd5GO544SRrdRt5S4OHNa73UbMtviIk8cQM_rZhhTvWeUP0om2zg</recordid><startdate>20021101</startdate><enddate>20021101</enddate><creator>Khoder, M.I</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>KL.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021101</creationdate><title>Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area</title><author>Khoder, M.I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c571t-7693a93e0d99781472012216db63e6e7e0858818dbde3f9b2ae60d5bea41701f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmosphere - analysis</topic><topic>Atmosphere - chemistry</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Data Interpretation, Statistical</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrates - analysis</topic><topic>Nitrates - chemistry</topic><topic>Nitric Acid - analysis</topic><topic>Nitric Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Nitrogen conversion ratio</topic><topic>Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis</topic><topic>Nitrogen Dioxide - chemistry</topic><topic>Ozone</topic><topic>Ozone - analysis</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sulfate</topic><topic>Sulfates - analysis</topic><topic>Sulfates - chemistry</topic><topic>Sulfur conversion ratio</topic><topic>Sulfur Dioxide - analysis</topic><topic>Sulfur Dioxide - chemistry</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Urban air pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khoder, M.I</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khoder, M.I</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area</atitle><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><date>2002-11-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>675</spage><epage>684</epage><pages>675-684</pages><issn>0045-6535</issn><eissn>1879-1298</eissn><coden>CMSHAF</coden><abstract>Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate sulfate and nitrate, gaseous nitric acid, ozone and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured during the winter season (1999–2000) and summer season (2000) in an urban area (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The average particulate nitrate concentrations were 6.20 and 9.80 μg
m
−3, while the average gaseous nitric acid concentrations were 1.14 and 6.70 μg
m
−3 in the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The average sulfate concentrations were 15.32 μg
m
−3 during the winter and 25.10 μg
m
−3 during the summer season. The highest average concentration ratio of gaseous nitric acid to total nitrate was found during the summer season. Particulate sulfate and nitrate and gaseous nitric acid concentrations were relatively higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) defined in the text were calculated from the field measurement data. Sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) in the summer were about 2.22 and 2.97 times higher than those in the winter season, respectively. Moreover, sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) and nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) were higher in the daytime than those in the nighttime during the both seasons. The sulfur conversion ratio (
F
s) increases with increasing ozone concentration and relative humidity. This indicates that the droplet phase reactions and gas phase reactions are important for the oxidation of SO
2 to sulfate. Moreover, the nitrogen conversion ratio (
F
n) increases with increasing ozone concentration, and the gas phase reactions are important and predominant for the oxidation of NO
2 to nitrate.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>12430655</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00391-0</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0045-6535 |
| ispartof | Chemosphere (Oxford), 2002-11, Vol.49 (6), p.675-684 |
| issn | 0045-6535 1879-1298 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16142314 |
| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Applied sciences Atmosphere - analysis Atmosphere - chemistry Atmospheric pollution Data Interpretation, Statistical Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Humidity Nitrates Nitrates - analysis Nitrates - chemistry Nitric Acid - analysis Nitric Acid - chemistry Nitrogen conversion ratio Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis Nitrogen Dioxide - chemistry Ozone Ozone - analysis Particle Size Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution Pollution Seasons Sulfate Sulfates - analysis Sulfates - chemistry Sulfur conversion ratio Sulfur Dioxide - analysis Sulfur Dioxide - chemistry Time Factors Urban air pollution |
| title | Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area |
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