Acute metabolic, hormonal and psychological responses to cycling with superimposed electromyostimulation

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation ( E ) during cycling on the acute hormonal and metabolic response, as E might be a useful tool to intensify endurance training without performing high external workloads. Methods Thirteen subje...

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Veröffentlicht in:European journal of applied physiology 2014-11, Vol.114 (11), p.2331-2339
Hauptverfasser: Wahl, Patrick, Hein, Markus, Achtzehn, Silvia, Bloch, Wilhelm, Mester, Joachim
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container_issue 11
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container_title European journal of applied physiology
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creator Wahl, Patrick
Hein, Markus
Achtzehn, Silvia
Bloch, Wilhelm
Mester, Joachim
description Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation ( E ) during cycling on the acute hormonal and metabolic response, as E might be a useful tool to intensify endurance training without performing high external workloads. Methods Thirteen subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting 60 min in a randomized order. (1) Cycling ( C ), (2) cycling with superimposed E ( C  +  E ) and (3) E . Human growth hormone (hGH), testosterone and cortisol were determined before (pre) and 0′, 30′, 60′, 240′ and 24 h after each intervention. Metabolic stimuli and perturbations were characterized by lactate and blood gas analysis (pH, base excess, bicarbonate, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide). Furthermore, changes of the person’s perceived physical state were determined. Results C  +  E caused the highest increases in cortisol and hGH, followed by C and E . Testosterone levels showed no significant differences between C  +  E and C. Metabolic stress was highest during C  +  E , followed by C and E . C  +  E was also the most demanding intervention from an athlete’s point of view. Conclusion As cortisol and hGH are known to react in an intensity dependent manner, the present study showed that superimposed E is a useful method to intensify endurance training, even when performing low to moderate external workloads. Even at lower exercise intensities, additional E may allow one to induce a high (local) stimulus. It can be speculated, that these acute hormonal increases and metabolic perturbations, might play a positive role in optimizing long-term training adaptations, similar to those of intense training protocols.
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Methods Thirteen subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting 60 min in a randomized order. (1) Cycling ( C ), (2) cycling with superimposed E ( C  +  E ) and (3) E . Human growth hormone (hGH), testosterone and cortisol were determined before (pre) and 0′, 30′, 60′, 240′ and 24 h after each intervention. Metabolic stimuli and perturbations were characterized by lactate and blood gas analysis (pH, base excess, bicarbonate, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide). Furthermore, changes of the person’s perceived physical state were determined. Results C  +  E caused the highest increases in cortisol and hGH, followed by C and E . Testosterone levels showed no significant differences between C  +  E and C. Metabolic stress was highest during C  +  E , followed by C and E . C  +  E was also the most demanding intervention from an athlete’s point of view. Conclusion As cortisol and hGH are known to react in an intensity dependent manner, the present study showed that superimposed E is a useful method to intensify endurance training, even when performing low to moderate external workloads. Even at lower exercise intensities, additional E may allow one to induce a high (local) stimulus. It can be speculated, that these acute hormonal increases and metabolic perturbations, might play a positive role in optimizing long-term training adaptations, similar to those of intense training protocols.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-6319</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-6327</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2952-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25059760</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adenosine ; Adult ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide - metabolism ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Energy consumption ; Exercise - physiology ; Exercise - psychology ; Growth hormones ; Human Growth Hormone - blood ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Lactic Acid - blood ; Male ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine ; Original Article ; Oxygen - metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Random Allocation ; Sports Medicine ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - blood ; Workloads</subject><ispartof>European journal of applied physiology, 2014-11, Vol.114 (11), p.2331-2339</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-d0c02a6e29c2abc14a40f833059e5676dd4f51d3d2bf7628789fcb7ea899b1943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-d0c02a6e29c2abc14a40f833059e5676dd4f51d3d2bf7628789fcb7ea899b1943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00421-014-2952-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00421-014-2952-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25059760$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wahl, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hein, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Achtzehn, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bloch, Wilhelm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mester, Joachim</creatorcontrib><title>Acute metabolic, hormonal and psychological responses to cycling with superimposed electromyostimulation</title><title>European journal of applied physiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Appl Physiol</addtitle><description>Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation ( E ) during cycling on the acute hormonal and metabolic response, as E might be a useful tool to intensify endurance training without performing high external workloads. Methods Thirteen subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting 60 min in a randomized order. (1) Cycling ( C ), (2) cycling with superimposed E ( C  +  E ) and (3) E . Human growth hormone (hGH), testosterone and cortisol were determined before (pre) and 0′, 30′, 60′, 240′ and 24 h after each intervention. Metabolic stimuli and perturbations were characterized by lactate and blood gas analysis (pH, base excess, bicarbonate, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide). Furthermore, changes of the person’s perceived physical state were determined. Results C  +  E caused the highest increases in cortisol and hGH, followed by C and E . Testosterone levels showed no significant differences between C  +  E and C. Metabolic stress was highest during C  +  E , followed by C and E . C  +  E was also the most demanding intervention from an athlete’s point of view. 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Methods Thirteen subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting 60 min in a randomized order. (1) Cycling ( C ), (2) cycling with superimposed E ( C  +  E ) and (3) E . Human growth hormone (hGH), testosterone and cortisol were determined before (pre) and 0′, 30′, 60′, 240′ and 24 h after each intervention. Metabolic stimuli and perturbations were characterized by lactate and blood gas analysis (pH, base excess, bicarbonate, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide). Furthermore, changes of the person’s perceived physical state were determined. Results C  +  E caused the highest increases in cortisol and hGH, followed by C and E . Testosterone levels showed no significant differences between C  +  E and C. Metabolic stress was highest during C  +  E , followed by C and E . C  +  E was also the most demanding intervention from an athlete’s point of view. Conclusion As cortisol and hGH are known to react in an intensity dependent manner, the present study showed that superimposed E is a useful method to intensify endurance training, even when performing low to moderate external workloads. Even at lower exercise intensities, additional E may allow one to induce a high (local) stimulus. It can be speculated, that these acute hormonal increases and metabolic perturbations, might play a positive role in optimizing long-term training adaptations, similar to those of intense training protocols.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>25059760</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00421-014-2952-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Adenosine
Adult
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide - metabolism
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Energy consumption
Exercise - physiology
Exercise - psychology
Growth hormones
Human Growth Hormone - blood
Human Physiology
Humans
Hydrocortisone - blood
Lactic Acid - blood
Male
Metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original Article
Oxygen - metabolism
Oxygen Consumption
Random Allocation
Sports Medicine
Testosterone
Testosterone - blood
Workloads
title Acute metabolic, hormonal and psychological responses to cycling with superimposed electromyostimulation
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