The magnetospheric banana current
It is shown that the banana current, a current system in the inner magnetosphere closing entirely within the magnetosphere (i.e., not through the ionosphere or on the magnetopause) but not circumflowing around the Earth, is a regular feature of near‐Earth space. Closure options for the eastward asym...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2013-03, Vol.118 (3), p.1009-1021 |
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| container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics |
| container_volume | 118 |
| creator | Liemohn, Michael W. Ganushkina, Natalia Yu Katus, Roxanne M. De Zeeuw, Darren L. Welling, Daniel T. |
| description | It is shown that the banana current, a current system in the inner magnetosphere closing entirely within the magnetosphere (i.e., not through the ionosphere or on the magnetopause) but not circumflowing around the Earth, is a regular feature of near‐Earth space. Closure options for the eastward asymmetric current on the inside of a localized pressure peak were explored, with the conclusion that the current must close via westward current around the outside of the high pressure region. It is a current that encircles a pressure peak and, therefore, whenever there is a pressure peak in the inner magnetosphere, a banana current exists. If multiple pressure peaks exist in the inner magnetosphere, then multiple banana currents will also coexist. Its occurrence rate is equal to that of the partial ring current, defined here as westward magnetospheric current that closes through field‐aligned currents into and out of the ionosphere. Its magnitude can reach a few mega‐amps during the main phase of storms, but drops to |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jgra.50153 |
| format | Article |
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Key PointsNear‐Earth asymmetric eastward current closes around pressure peaks, not FACsThisIts magnetic perturbation is large inside the loop, but very small outside of it</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50153</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>banana current ; Earth ; Fruits ; High pressure ; Ionosphere ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetism ; magnetospheric current systems ; partial ring current ; Storms</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2013-03, Vol.118 (3), p.1009-1021</ispartof><rights>2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4083-bc75d1dac2d01f29706ea3542b67a1c2883d92ca53602474d5c6e59d3c24bf23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4083-bc75d1dac2d01f29706ea3542b67a1c2883d92ca53602474d5c6e59d3c24bf23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjgra.50153$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjgra.50153$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liemohn, Michael W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganushkina, Natalia Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katus, Roxanne M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Zeeuw, Darren L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welling, Daniel T.</creatorcontrib><title>The magnetospheric banana current</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics</addtitle><description>It is shown that the banana current, a current system in the inner magnetosphere closing entirely within the magnetosphere (i.e., not through the ionosphere or on the magnetopause) but not circumflowing around the Earth, is a regular feature of near‐Earth space. Closure options for the eastward asymmetric current on the inside of a localized pressure peak were explored, with the conclusion that the current must close via westward current around the outside of the high pressure region. It is a current that encircles a pressure peak and, therefore, whenever there is a pressure peak in the inner magnetosphere, a banana current exists. If multiple pressure peaks exist in the inner magnetosphere, then multiple banana currents will also coexist. Its occurrence rate is equal to that of the partial ring current, defined here as westward magnetospheric current that closes through field‐aligned currents into and out of the ionosphere. Its magnitude can reach a few mega‐amps during the main phase of storms, but drops to <0.1 MA during extended quiet intervals. The magnetic perturbation related to this current is strong within the region of high plasma pressure that it encircles, but is otherwise very weak outside of the banana current loop because the oppositely‐directed current flow on either side of the loop largely cancels each other. In general, its related magnetic field is a few nanotesla of northward perturbation for both ground‐based and geosynchronous magnetometers, making it difficult to magnetically detect. The banana current is placed in the context of the other near‐Earth nightside current systems.
Key PointsNear‐Earth asymmetric eastward current closes around pressure peaks, not FACsThisIts magnetic perturbation is large inside the loop, but very small outside of it</description><subject>banana current</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>High pressure</subject><subject>Ionosphere</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetism</subject><subject>magnetospheric current systems</subject><subject>partial ring current</subject><subject>Storms</subject><issn>2169-9380</issn><issn>2169-9402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMFLwzAUxoMoOHQX_4KJFxE685ImTY9juOoYCmMwbyFN062za2fSovvvzazz4MH3Du_x-H0fjw-hK8BDwJjcb1ZWDRkGRk9QjwCPgzjE5PS4U4HPUd-5DfYl_AlYD10v1mawVavKNLXbrY0t9CBVle-Bbq01VXOJznJVOtP_mRdoMXlYjB-D2UvyNB7NAh1iQYNURyyDTGmSYchJHGFuFGUhSXmkQBMhaBYTrRjlmIRRmDHNDYszqkmY5oReoNvOdmfr99a4Rm4Lp01ZqsrUrZPAAbj3g9ijN3_QTd3ayj_nKSqIwBAeqLuO0rZ2zppc7myxVXYvActDXvKQl_zOy8PQwR9Fafb_kHKazEdHTdBpCteYz1-Nsm-SRzRicvmcyOnrhNFlMpcz-gWrhHla</recordid><startdate>201303</startdate><enddate>201303</enddate><creator>Liemohn, Michael W.</creator><creator>Ganushkina, Natalia Yu</creator><creator>Katus, Roxanne M.</creator><creator>De Zeeuw, Darren L.</creator><creator>Welling, Daniel T.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201303</creationdate><title>The magnetospheric banana current</title><author>Liemohn, Michael W. ; Ganushkina, Natalia Yu ; Katus, Roxanne M. ; De Zeeuw, Darren L. ; Welling, Daniel T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4083-bc75d1dac2d01f29706ea3542b67a1c2883d92ca53602474d5c6e59d3c24bf23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>banana current</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>High pressure</topic><topic>Ionosphere</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Magnetism</topic><topic>magnetospheric current systems</topic><topic>partial ring current</topic><topic>Storms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liemohn, Michael W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganushkina, Natalia Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katus, Roxanne M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Zeeuw, Darren L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welling, Daniel T.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liemohn, Michael W.</au><au>Ganushkina, Natalia Yu</au><au>Katus, Roxanne M.</au><au>De Zeeuw, Darren L.</au><au>Welling, Daniel T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The magnetospheric banana current</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics</addtitle><date>2013-03</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1009</spage><epage>1021</epage><pages>1009-1021</pages><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>It is shown that the banana current, a current system in the inner magnetosphere closing entirely within the magnetosphere (i.e., not through the ionosphere or on the magnetopause) but not circumflowing around the Earth, is a regular feature of near‐Earth space. Closure options for the eastward asymmetric current on the inside of a localized pressure peak were explored, with the conclusion that the current must close via westward current around the outside of the high pressure region. It is a current that encircles a pressure peak and, therefore, whenever there is a pressure peak in the inner magnetosphere, a banana current exists. If multiple pressure peaks exist in the inner magnetosphere, then multiple banana currents will also coexist. Its occurrence rate is equal to that of the partial ring current, defined here as westward magnetospheric current that closes through field‐aligned currents into and out of the ionosphere. Its magnitude can reach a few mega‐amps during the main phase of storms, but drops to <0.1 MA during extended quiet intervals. The magnetic perturbation related to this current is strong within the region of high plasma pressure that it encircles, but is otherwise very weak outside of the banana current loop because the oppositely‐directed current flow on either side of the loop largely cancels each other. In general, its related magnetic field is a few nanotesla of northward perturbation for both ground‐based and geosynchronous magnetometers, making it difficult to magnetically detect. The banana current is placed in the context of the other near‐Earth nightside current systems.
Key PointsNear‐Earth asymmetric eastward current closes around pressure peaks, not FACsThisIts magnetic perturbation is large inside the loop, but very small outside of it</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/jgra.50153</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2013-03, Vol.118 (3), p.1009-1021 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Online Library Free Content |
| subjects | banana current Earth Fruits High pressure Ionosphere Magnetic fields Magnetism magnetospheric current systems partial ring current Storms |
| title | The magnetospheric banana current |
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