Dominance Hierarchies and Helper Contributions in Harris' Hawks
We examined dominance hierarchies, mating relationships, and helping by individually marked Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) at 64 nests in Arizona (1984-1988). Dominance hierarchies were linear and always contained an adult female as the most dominant member. We placed hawks into three dom...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The Auk 1991-07, Vol.108 (3), p.649-660 |
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description | We examined dominance hierarchies, mating relationships, and helping by individually marked Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) at 64 nests in Arizona (1984-1988). Dominance hierarchies were linear and always contained an adult female as the most dominant member. We placed hawks into three dominance categories (alpha, beta, and gamma) based on frequencies of supplanting. Pairs without helpers (16%, n = 64) and groups that contained a beta male helper (63%) were the most common social structures. Some groups (11%) contained a second alpha female (alpha-2) that was subordinate to the alpha female and dominant over the alpha male. Of 68 observations of copulatory behavior, 45 (66%) were copulations between alpha males and alpha females. Beta males attempted to copulate with alpha females (23 observations; 34%) but were unsuccessful because of a lack of female compliance. Observations of movements by marked hawks suggested that most gamma helpers were offspring of the alpha pair and that beta males and alpha-2 females were probably unrelated to the alpha pair. Alpha hawks restricted access to the nest by both beta and gamma helpers, but beta males were tolerated closer to the nest than were gamma helpers. Consequently, beta and gamma helpers rarely participated in the direct care of eggs and young but were active in procuring prey, transporting prey to the nest area, and defending the nest from predation by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus). |
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Dawson ; Mannan, R. William</creator><creatorcontrib>James W. Dawson ; Mannan, R. William</creatorcontrib><description>We examined dominance hierarchies, mating relationships, and helping by individually marked Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) at 64 nests in Arizona (1984-1988). Dominance hierarchies were linear and always contained an adult female as the most dominant member. We placed hawks into three dominance categories (alpha, beta, and gamma) based on frequencies of supplanting. Pairs without helpers (16%, n = 64) and groups that contained a beta male helper (63%) were the most common social structures. Some groups (11%) contained a second alpha female (alpha-2) that was subordinate to the alpha female and dominant over the alpha male. Of 68 observations of copulatory behavior, 45 (66%) were copulations between alpha males and alpha females. Beta males attempted to copulate with alpha females (23 observations; 34%) but were unsuccessful because of a lack of female compliance. Observations of movements by marked hawks suggested that most gamma helpers were offspring of the alpha pair and that beta males and alpha-2 females were probably unrelated to the alpha pair. Alpha hawks restricted access to the nest by both beta and gamma helpers, but beta males were tolerated closer to the nest than were gamma helpers. Consequently, beta and gamma helpers rarely participated in the direct care of eggs and young but were active in procuring prey, transporting prey to the nest area, and defending the nest from predation by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-8038</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-4254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/4088105</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AUKJAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lawrence, KS: The American Ornithologists' Union</publisher><subject>Animal ethology ; Animal nesting ; Aves ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bird nesting ; Breeding ; Female animals ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hawks ; Hunting ; Male animals ; Mannans ; Mating behavior ; Owls ; Parabuteo unicinctus ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Vertebrata</subject><ispartof>The Auk, 1991-07, Vol.108 (3), p.649-660</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1991 The American Ornithologists' Union</rights><rights>1992 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c277t-30384d526defc473e040586d174b182586e48994e26c52e238a5ec4cc365f4813</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c277t-30384d526defc473e040586d174b182586e48994e26c52e238a5ec4cc365f4813</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4088105$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4088105$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=5358069$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>James W. Dawson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mannan, R. William</creatorcontrib><title>Dominance Hierarchies and Helper Contributions in Harris' Hawks</title><title>The Auk</title><description>We examined dominance hierarchies, mating relationships, and helping by individually marked Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) at 64 nests in Arizona (1984-1988). Dominance hierarchies were linear and always contained an adult female as the most dominant member. We placed hawks into three dominance categories (alpha, beta, and gamma) based on frequencies of supplanting. Pairs without helpers (16%, n = 64) and groups that contained a beta male helper (63%) were the most common social structures. Some groups (11%) contained a second alpha female (alpha-2) that was subordinate to the alpha female and dominant over the alpha male. Of 68 observations of copulatory behavior, 45 (66%) were copulations between alpha males and alpha females. Beta males attempted to copulate with alpha females (23 observations; 34%) but were unsuccessful because of a lack of female compliance. Observations of movements by marked hawks suggested that most gamma helpers were offspring of the alpha pair and that beta males and alpha-2 females were probably unrelated to the alpha pair. Alpha hawks restricted access to the nest by both beta and gamma helpers, but beta males were tolerated closer to the nest than were gamma helpers. Consequently, beta and gamma helpers rarely participated in the direct care of eggs and young but were active in procuring prey, transporting prey to the nest area, and defending the nest from predation by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus).</description><subject>Animal ethology</subject><subject>Animal nesting</subject><subject>Aves</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bird nesting</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Female animals</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hawks</subject><subject>Hunting</subject><subject>Male animals</subject><subject>Mannans</subject><subject>Mating behavior</subject><subject>Owls</subject><subject>Parabuteo unicinctus</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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William</creator><general>The American Ornithologists' Union</general><general>Ornithological Societies North America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19910701</creationdate><title>Dominance Hierarchies and Helper Contributions in Harris' Hawks</title><author>James W. Dawson ; Mannan, R. William</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c277t-30384d526defc473e040586d174b182586e48994e26c52e238a5ec4cc365f4813</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1991</creationdate><topic>Animal ethology</topic><topic>Animal nesting</topic><topic>Aves</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bird nesting</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Female animals</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hawks</topic><topic>Hunting</topic><topic>Male animals</topic><topic>Mannans</topic><topic>Mating behavior</topic><topic>Owls</topic><topic>Parabuteo unicinctus</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>James W. Dawson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mannan, R. William</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>The Auk</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>James W. Dawson</au><au>Mannan, R. William</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dominance Hierarchies and Helper Contributions in Harris' Hawks</atitle><jtitle>The Auk</jtitle><date>1991-07-01</date><risdate>1991</risdate><volume>108</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>649</spage><epage>660</epage><pages>649-660</pages><issn>0004-8038</issn><eissn>1938-4254</eissn><coden>AUKJAF</coden><abstract>We examined dominance hierarchies, mating relationships, and helping by individually marked Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) at 64 nests in Arizona (1984-1988). Dominance hierarchies were linear and always contained an adult female as the most dominant member. We placed hawks into three dominance categories (alpha, beta, and gamma) based on frequencies of supplanting. Pairs without helpers (16%, n = 64) and groups that contained a beta male helper (63%) were the most common social structures. Some groups (11%) contained a second alpha female (alpha-2) that was subordinate to the alpha female and dominant over the alpha male. Of 68 observations of copulatory behavior, 45 (66%) were copulations between alpha males and alpha females. Beta males attempted to copulate with alpha females (23 observations; 34%) but were unsuccessful because of a lack of female compliance. Observations of movements by marked hawks suggested that most gamma helpers were offspring of the alpha pair and that beta males and alpha-2 females were probably unrelated to the alpha pair. Alpha hawks restricted access to the nest by both beta and gamma helpers, but beta males were tolerated closer to the nest than were gamma helpers. Consequently, beta and gamma helpers rarely participated in the direct care of eggs and young but were active in procuring prey, transporting prey to the nest area, and defending the nest from predation by Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus).</abstract><cop>Lawrence, KS</cop><pub>The American Ornithologists' Union</pub><doi>10.2307/4088105</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | SORA - Searchable Ornithological Research Archive; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
subjects | Animal ethology Animal nesting Aves Biological and medical sciences Bird nesting Breeding Female animals Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hawks Hunting Male animals Mannans Mating behavior Owls Parabuteo unicinctus Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Vertebrata |
title | Dominance Hierarchies and Helper Contributions in Harris' Hawks |
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