Evaluation of predator-induced stress on field populations of stoneflies (Plecoptera)
The influence of predaceous fish in affecting components of fitness of immature and adult macroinvertebrates was examined using a predator enclosure/exclosure experiment in a southern Ontario stream. The stonefly Paragnetina media is a semivoltine species with a midsummer emergence period. After exp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 1991-10, Vol.72 (5), p.1800-1806 |
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| creator | Feltmate, Blair W. Williams, D. Dudley |
| description | The influence of predaceous fish in affecting components of fitness of immature and adult macroinvertebrates was examined using a predator enclosure/exclosure experiment in a southern Ontario stream. The stonefly Paragnetina media is a semivoltine species with a midsummer emergence period. After exposure of P. media to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) between May and August (repeated twice, 1987 and 1989), we observed significant reductions in nymphal density, size (head width), and conditions (mass/head width). Reductions in density were attributable to nymphal emigration and predation. Selective predation on larger stoneflies (direct effects), together with changes in nymphal feeding rate, activity, and distribution (indirect effects), reduced size and condition of stoneflies exposed to trout. After August-to-October (1986 and 1989) and January-to-April (1988) exposures, we observed no effect of trout on these parameters. Adults stoneflies (P. media and Alloperla mediana) cannot feed, and consequently any energy that they channel into reproductive efforts must be derived from the aquatic stage. Thus, we postulated that the impact of trout on immature P. media and A. mediana might manifest itself negatively on stonefly adults. Although size and emergence pattern of adult P. media and A. mediana did not differ between enclosure/exclosure sections of stream, in the presence of trout both species suffered significant reductions in condition, fecundity, and total number to emerge. These findings demonstrate that direct and indirect effects of a predator can cascade from immature to adult prey and from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2307/1940979 |
| format | Article |
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Dudley</creator><creatorcontrib>Feltmate, Blair W. ; Williams, D. Dudley</creatorcontrib><description>The influence of predaceous fish in affecting components of fitness of immature and adult macroinvertebrates was examined using a predator enclosure/exclosure experiment in a southern Ontario stream. The stonefly Paragnetina media is a semivoltine species with a midsummer emergence period. After exposure of P. media to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) between May and August (repeated twice, 1987 and 1989), we observed significant reductions in nymphal density, size (head width), and conditions (mass/head width). Reductions in density were attributable to nymphal emigration and predation. Selective predation on larger stoneflies (direct effects), together with changes in nymphal feeding rate, activity, and distribution (indirect effects), reduced size and condition of stoneflies exposed to trout. After August-to-October (1986 and 1989) and January-to-April (1988) exposures, we observed no effect of trout on these parameters. Adults stoneflies (P. media and Alloperla mediana) cannot feed, and consequently any energy that they channel into reproductive efforts must be derived from the aquatic stage. Thus, we postulated that the impact of trout on immature P. media and A. mediana might manifest itself negatively on stonefly adults. Although size and emergence pattern of adult P. media and A. mediana did not differ between enclosure/exclosure sections of stream, in the presence of trout both species suffered significant reductions in condition, fecundity, and total number to emerge. These findings demonstrate that direct and indirect effects of a predator can cascade from immature to adult prey and from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/1940979</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: The Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Adult insects ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; AQUATIC INSECTS ; Biological and medical sciences ; CABEZA ; COURS D'EAU ; CURSOS DE AGUA ; Demecology ; DENSIDAD DE LA POBLACION ; DENSITE DE POPULATION ; Density ; DEPREDADORES ; DIMENSION ; DIMENSIONS ; ESTACIONES DEL ANO ; ESTRES ; FECUNDITY ; Fish ; Freshwater ; Freshwater ecology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; HEAD ; INSECTE AQUATIQUE ; INSECTOS ACUATICOS ; Insects ; Invertebrates ; Nymphs ; ONCORHYNCHUS ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; ONTARIO ; Paragnetina media ; PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION ; PERIODICIDAD ; PERIODICITE ; PERIODICITY ; Perlidae ; PLECOPTERA ; POPULATION DENSITY ; PREDATEUR ; Predation ; PREDATORS ; Protozoa. 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Dudley</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of predator-induced stress on field populations of stoneflies (Plecoptera)</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><description>The influence of predaceous fish in affecting components of fitness of immature and adult macroinvertebrates was examined using a predator enclosure/exclosure experiment in a southern Ontario stream. The stonefly Paragnetina media is a semivoltine species with a midsummer emergence period. After exposure of P. media to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) between May and August (repeated twice, 1987 and 1989), we observed significant reductions in nymphal density, size (head width), and conditions (mass/head width). Reductions in density were attributable to nymphal emigration and predation. Selective predation on larger stoneflies (direct effects), together with changes in nymphal feeding rate, activity, and distribution (indirect effects), reduced size and condition of stoneflies exposed to trout. After August-to-October (1986 and 1989) and January-to-April (1988) exposures, we observed no effect of trout on these parameters. Adults stoneflies (P. media and Alloperla mediana) cannot feed, and consequently any energy that they channel into reproductive efforts must be derived from the aquatic stage. Thus, we postulated that the impact of trout on immature P. media and A. mediana might manifest itself negatively on stonefly adults. Although size and emergence pattern of adult P. media and A. mediana did not differ between enclosure/exclosure sections of stream, in the presence of trout both species suffered significant reductions in condition, fecundity, and total number to emerge. These findings demonstrate that direct and indirect effects of a predator can cascade from immature to adult prey and from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems.</description><subject>Adult insects</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>AQUATIC INSECTS</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CABEZA</subject><subject>COURS D'EAU</subject><subject>CURSOS DE AGUA</subject><subject>Demecology</subject><subject>DENSIDAD DE LA POBLACION</subject><subject>DENSITE DE POPULATION</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>DEPREDADORES</subject><subject>DIMENSION</subject><subject>DIMENSIONS</subject><subject>ESTACIONES DEL ANO</subject><subject>ESTRES</subject><subject>FECUNDITY</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Freshwater ecology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>HEAD</subject><subject>INSECTE AQUATIQUE</subject><subject>INSECTOS ACUATICOS</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Nymphs</subject><subject>ONCORHYNCHUS</subject><subject>Oncorhynchus mykiss</subject><subject>ONTARIO</subject><subject>Paragnetina media</subject><subject>PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION</subject><subject>PERIODICIDAD</subject><subject>PERIODICITE</subject><subject>PERIODICITY</subject><subject>Perlidae</subject><subject>PLECOPTERA</subject><subject>POPULATION DENSITY</subject><subject>PREDATEUR</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>PREDATORS</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrata</subject><subject>REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE</subject><subject>REPRODUCTIVIDAD</subject><subject>RIVERS</subject><subject>SAISON</subject><subject>SEASONALITY</subject><subject>SEASONS</subject><subject>SIZE</subject><subject>STREAMS</subject><subject>STRESS</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>TETE</subject><subject>Trout</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1991</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>K30</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U2L1EAQBuAgCo6rePcUdHHdQ7SqP5L0UYZxXVhQ0Dl4CmWnWjL0pmN3ssv-e3ucQUFY69KHeni74C2K5whvhYTmHRoFpjEPihUaaSqDDTwsVgAoKlPr9nHxJKUd5EHVrort5ob8QvMQxjK4corc0xxiNYz9Yrkv0xw5pTJv3cC-L6cwLf43T3uf5jCy8wOn8s1nzzZMM0c6f1o8cuQTPzu-J8X2w-br-mN19enicv3-qrJKAlS9BuO47oXjpnaNlUQkWrZaKnJkSQuH5jtrBKtAoratUY2zyhJjLamVJ8XrQ-4Uw8-F09xdD8my9zRyWFKHNaimViLDl__AXVjimG_rBBqAOsOMXt2HUJgc04DArM4OysaQUmTXTXG4pnjXIXT7BrpjA1meHvMoWfIu0miH9IdrKaE1eyYP7HbwfHdfWrdZf0OT2xQaW4C_4bvcQfzPDS8OzFHo6EfM_2-_GNQGlZa_AMW0pg0</recordid><startdate>199110</startdate><enddate>199110</enddate><creator>Feltmate, Blair W.</creator><creator>Williams, D. 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Dudley</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4300-d509fe6d2fe76f7c3aaa28ec534afaca52f19be510c40315c8947fc4cae163a83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1991</creationdate><topic>Adult insects</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>AQUATIC INSECTS</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CABEZA</topic><topic>COURS D'EAU</topic><topic>CURSOS DE AGUA</topic><topic>Demecology</topic><topic>DENSIDAD DE LA POBLACION</topic><topic>DENSITE DE POPULATION</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>DEPREDADORES</topic><topic>DIMENSION</topic><topic>DIMENSIONS</topic><topic>ESTACIONES DEL ANO</topic><topic>ESTRES</topic><topic>FECUNDITY</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Freshwater ecology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>HEAD</topic><topic>INSECTE AQUATIQUE</topic><topic>INSECTOS ACUATICOS</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Nymphs</topic><topic>ONCORHYNCHUS</topic><topic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</topic><topic>ONTARIO</topic><topic>Paragnetina media</topic><topic>PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION</topic><topic>PERIODICIDAD</topic><topic>PERIODICITE</topic><topic>PERIODICITY</topic><topic>Perlidae</topic><topic>PLECOPTERA</topic><topic>POPULATION DENSITY</topic><topic>PREDATEUR</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>PREDATORS</topic><topic>Protozoa. Invertebrata</topic><topic>REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE</topic><topic>REPRODUCTIVIDAD</topic><topic>RIVERS</topic><topic>SAISON</topic><topic>SEASONALITY</topic><topic>SEASONS</topic><topic>SIZE</topic><topic>STREAMS</topic><topic>STRESS</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>TETE</topic><topic>Trout</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Feltmate, Blair W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, D. 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Dudley</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of predator-induced stress on field populations of stoneflies (Plecoptera)</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><date>1991-10</date><risdate>1991</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1800</spage><epage>1806</epage><pages>1800-1806</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>The influence of predaceous fish in affecting components of fitness of immature and adult macroinvertebrates was examined using a predator enclosure/exclosure experiment in a southern Ontario stream. The stonefly Paragnetina media is a semivoltine species with a midsummer emergence period. After exposure of P. media to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) between May and August (repeated twice, 1987 and 1989), we observed significant reductions in nymphal density, size (head width), and conditions (mass/head width). Reductions in density were attributable to nymphal emigration and predation. Selective predation on larger stoneflies (direct effects), together with changes in nymphal feeding rate, activity, and distribution (indirect effects), reduced size and condition of stoneflies exposed to trout. After August-to-October (1986 and 1989) and January-to-April (1988) exposures, we observed no effect of trout on these parameters. Adults stoneflies (P. media and Alloperla mediana) cannot feed, and consequently any energy that they channel into reproductive efforts must be derived from the aquatic stage. Thus, we postulated that the impact of trout on immature P. media and A. mediana might manifest itself negatively on stonefly adults. Although size and emergence pattern of adult P. media and A. mediana did not differ between enclosure/exclosure sections of stream, in the presence of trout both species suffered significant reductions in condition, fecundity, and total number to emerge. These findings demonstrate that direct and indirect effects of a predator can cascade from immature to adult prey and from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>The Ecological Society of America</pub><doi>10.2307/1940979</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-9658 |
| ispartof | Ecology (Durham), 1991-10, Vol.72 (5), p.1800-1806 |
| issn | 0012-9658 1939-9170 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_16047642 |
| source | Periodicals Index Online; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Adult insects Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals AQUATIC INSECTS Biological and medical sciences CABEZA COURS D'EAU CURSOS DE AGUA Demecology DENSIDAD DE LA POBLACION DENSITE DE POPULATION Density DEPREDADORES DIMENSION DIMENSIONS ESTACIONES DEL ANO ESTRES FECUNDITY Fish Freshwater Freshwater ecology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology HEAD INSECTE AQUATIQUE INSECTOS ACUATICOS Insects Invertebrates Nymphs ONCORHYNCHUS Oncorhynchus mykiss ONTARIO Paragnetina media PERFORMANCE DE REPRODUCTION PERIODICIDAD PERIODICITE PERIODICITY Perlidae PLECOPTERA POPULATION DENSITY PREDATEUR Predation PREDATORS Protozoa. Invertebrata REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE REPRODUCTIVIDAD RIVERS SAISON SEASONALITY SEASONS SIZE STREAMS STRESS Synecology TETE Trout |
| title | Evaluation of predator-induced stress on field populations of stoneflies (Plecoptera) |
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