Effects of alkaline gluten on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis
Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner decreases rapidly when exposed to field conditions, but degradation can be minimized by improving the formulation. Sulubilized wheat-gluten, added to sprayable formulations, forms a film upon drying that resists wash-off. Becau...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of economic entomology 1997-04, Vol.90 (2), p.354-360 |
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description | Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner decreases rapidly when exposed to field conditions, but degradation can be minimized by improving the formulation. Sulubilized wheat-gluten, added to sprayable formulations, forms a film upon drying that resists wash-off. Because gluten requires a pH 10 to solubilize, we examined the effects of alkaline pH (with and without gluten) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis. Efficacy of various formulations was measured by the mortality of neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), fed on treated cotton leaves. In solutions with pH from 5 to 11, B. thuringiensis (13,800 IU/ml) caused greater than 90% larval mortality. Mortality declined significantly (P 0.05) at pH 12, indicting a loss of insecticidal activity. However, adding 1% (wt:vol) gluten to the formulations provided 2 benefits that retained the activity of B. thuringiensis. First, formulations of B. thuringiensis with gluten caused 97% mortality of larvae at pH 13 compared with 68% mortality for larvae feeding on leaves treated with the same formulation without gluten. Second, the addition of gluten helped to resist wash-off of B. thuringiensis by 5 cm of simulated rain. Response surface regression analysis indicated that higher concentrations of gluten (up to 1.5% wt:vol) and less alkaline formulations (down to pH 10.5) improved resistance to wash-off. These results indicate that residual activity of B. thuringiensis in the presence of rain may be improved by the addition of gluten to the spray mixture |
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(Bradley University, Peoria, IL.) ; McGuire, M.R ; Gillespie, R.L ; Shasha, B.S</creator><creatorcontrib>Behle, R.W. (Bradley University, Peoria, IL.) ; McGuire, M.R ; Gillespie, R.L ; Shasha, B.S</creatorcontrib><description>Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner decreases rapidly when exposed to field conditions, but degradation can be minimized by improving the formulation. Sulubilized wheat-gluten, added to sprayable formulations, forms a film upon drying that resists wash-off. Because gluten requires a pH 10 to solubilize, we examined the effects of alkaline pH (with and without gluten) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis. Efficacy of various formulations was measured by the mortality of neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), fed on treated cotton leaves. In solutions with pH from 5 to 11, B. thuringiensis (13,800 IU/ml) caused greater than 90% larval mortality. Mortality declined significantly (P 0.05) at pH 12, indicting a loss of insecticidal activity. However, adding 1% (wt:vol) gluten to the formulations provided 2 benefits that retained the activity of B. thuringiensis. First, formulations of B. thuringiensis with gluten caused 97% mortality of larvae at pH 13 compared with 68% mortality for larvae feeding on leaves treated with the same formulation without gluten. Second, the addition of gluten helped to resist wash-off of B. thuringiensis by 5 cm of simulated rain. Response surface regression analysis indicated that higher concentrations of gluten (up to 1.5% wt:vol) and less alkaline formulations (down to pH 10.5) improved resistance to wash-off. These results indicate that residual activity of B. thuringiensis in the presence of rain may be improved by the addition of gluten to the spray mixture</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jee/90.2.354</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEENAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>ALCALINIDAD ; ALCALINITE ; ALKALINITY ; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ; Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI ; BACTERIAL SPORES ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological control ; Control ; CONTROL DE INSECTOS ; EFECTOS RESIDUALES ; EFFET RESIDUEL ; EFFICACY ; ESPORAS BACTERIANAS ; FORMULACIONES ; FORMULATION ; FORMULATIONS ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; GLUTEN ; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM ; INSECT CONTROL ; LLUVIA ; LUTTE ANTIINSECTE ; MORTALIDAD ; MORTALITE ; MORTALITY ; Noctuidae ; OSTRINIA NUBILALIS ; PERSISTENCE ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; PLUIE ; Protozoa. 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(Bradley University, Peoria, IL.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGuire, M.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillespie, R.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shasha, B.S</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of alkaline gluten on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><description>Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner decreases rapidly when exposed to field conditions, but degradation can be minimized by improving the formulation. Sulubilized wheat-gluten, added to sprayable formulations, forms a film upon drying that resists wash-off. Because gluten requires a pH 10 to solubilize, we examined the effects of alkaline pH (with and without gluten) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis. Efficacy of various formulations was measured by the mortality of neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), fed on treated cotton leaves. In solutions with pH from 5 to 11, B. thuringiensis (13,800 IU/ml) caused greater than 90% larval mortality. Mortality declined significantly (P 0.05) at pH 12, indicting a loss of insecticidal activity. However, adding 1% (wt:vol) gluten to the formulations provided 2 benefits that retained the activity of B. thuringiensis. First, formulations of B. thuringiensis with gluten caused 97% mortality of larvae at pH 13 compared with 68% mortality for larvae feeding on leaves treated with the same formulation without gluten. Second, the addition of gluten helped to resist wash-off of B. thuringiensis by 5 cm of simulated rain. Response surface regression analysis indicated that higher concentrations of gluten (up to 1.5% wt:vol) and less alkaline formulations (down to pH 10.5) improved resistance to wash-off. These results indicate that residual activity of B. thuringiensis in the presence of rain may be improved by the addition of gluten to the spray mixture</description><subject>ALCALINIDAD</subject><subject>ALCALINITE</subject><subject>ALKALINITY</subject><subject>BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS</subject><subject>Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki</subject><subject>BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI</subject><subject>BACTERIAL SPORES</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>CONTROL DE INSECTOS</subject><subject>EFECTOS RESIDUALES</subject><subject>EFFET RESIDUEL</subject><subject>EFFICACY</subject><subject>ESPORAS BACTERIANAS</subject><subject>FORMULACIONES</subject><subject>FORMULATION</subject><subject>FORMULATIONS</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GLUTEN</subject><subject>GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM</subject><subject>INSECT CONTROL</subject><subject>LLUVIA</subject><subject>LUTTE ANTIINSECTE</subject><subject>MORTALIDAD</subject><subject>MORTALITE</subject><subject>MORTALITY</subject><subject>Noctuidae</subject><subject>OSTRINIA NUBILALIS</subject><subject>PERSISTENCE</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>PLUIE</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrates</subject><subject>RAIN</subject><subject>RAINFASTNESS</subject><subject>RESIDUAL EFFECTS</subject><subject>SPORE BACTERIENNE</subject><subject>TRITICUM</subject><subject>VIABILIDAD</subject><subject>VIABILITE</subject><subject>VIABILITY</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo90M9LwzAUwPEgCs7pzavQg3iyW5LXps1Rx_wBAxEdeAuvaTIzs3Y2rbD_3oyJp_cOn_cOX0IuGZ0wKmG6NmYq6YRPIM-OyIhJKFMu2ccxGVHKeUozCafkLIQ1pUxwRkfkdW6t0X1IWpug_0LvGpOs_NCbJmmbpP80iWtCFE67Gn2Ccftx_W7v71E774cQ1dC5ZuVME1w4JycWfTAXf3NMlg_z99lTunh5fJ7dLVINOfSpEZpmYOpcVqZElgMzFCrkrBKFZMh1VZVY1jmARaxKoKzIZAW5LgTW0mYwJjeHv9uu_R5M6NXGBW28x8a0Q1BMUJ4JwSO8PUDdtSF0xqpt5zbY7RSjat9NxW5KUsVV7Bb59d9fDBq97bDRLvzfcFFCLiCyqwOz2CpcdZEs35iURYzMcwa_7ax3Rg</recordid><startdate>19970401</startdate><enddate>19970401</enddate><creator>Behle, R.W. (Bradley University, Peoria, IL.)</creator><creator>McGuire, M.R</creator><creator>Gillespie, R.L</creator><creator>Shasha, B.S</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970401</creationdate><title>Effects of alkaline gluten on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis</title><author>Behle, R.W. (Bradley University, Peoria, IL.) ; McGuire, M.R ; Gillespie, R.L ; Shasha, B.S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-e6c043ed59be8a1531e03ba21b6791a2cbb8a8d533faab8301749b35c76ad9f43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>ALCALINIDAD</topic><topic>ALCALINITE</topic><topic>ALKALINITY</topic><topic>BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS</topic><topic>Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki</topic><topic>BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI</topic><topic>BACTERIAL SPORES</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological control</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>CONTROL DE INSECTOS</topic><topic>EFECTOS RESIDUALES</topic><topic>EFFET RESIDUEL</topic><topic>EFFICACY</topic><topic>ESPORAS BACTERIANAS</topic><topic>FORMULACIONES</topic><topic>FORMULATION</topic><topic>FORMULATIONS</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GLUTEN</topic><topic>GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM</topic><topic>INSECT CONTROL</topic><topic>LLUVIA</topic><topic>LUTTE ANTIINSECTE</topic><topic>MORTALIDAD</topic><topic>MORTALITE</topic><topic>MORTALITY</topic><topic>Noctuidae</topic><topic>OSTRINIA NUBILALIS</topic><topic>PERSISTENCE</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>PLUIE</topic><topic>Protozoa. Invertebrates</topic><topic>RAIN</topic><topic>RAINFASTNESS</topic><topic>RESIDUAL EFFECTS</topic><topic>SPORE BACTERIENNE</topic><topic>TRITICUM</topic><topic>VIABILIDAD</topic><topic>VIABILITE</topic><topic>VIABILITY</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Behle, R.W. (Bradley University, Peoria, IL.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGuire, M.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillespie, R.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shasha, B.S</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Behle, R.W. (Bradley University, Peoria, IL.)</au><au>McGuire, M.R</au><au>Gillespie, R.L</au><au>Shasha, B.S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of alkaline gluten on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle><date>1997-04-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>354</spage><epage>360</epage><pages>354-360</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><coden>JEENAI</coden><abstract>Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner decreases rapidly when exposed to field conditions, but degradation can be minimized by improving the formulation. Sulubilized wheat-gluten, added to sprayable formulations, forms a film upon drying that resists wash-off. Because gluten requires a pH 10 to solubilize, we examined the effects of alkaline pH (with and without gluten) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis. Efficacy of various formulations was measured by the mortality of neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), fed on treated cotton leaves. In solutions with pH from 5 to 11, B. thuringiensis (13,800 IU/ml) caused greater than 90% larval mortality. Mortality declined significantly (P 0.05) at pH 12, indicting a loss of insecticidal activity. However, adding 1% (wt:vol) gluten to the formulations provided 2 benefits that retained the activity of B. thuringiensis. First, formulations of B. thuringiensis with gluten caused 97% mortality of larvae at pH 13 compared with 68% mortality for larvae feeding on leaves treated with the same formulation without gluten. Second, the addition of gluten helped to resist wash-off of B. thuringiensis by 5 cm of simulated rain. Response surface regression analysis indicated that higher concentrations of gluten (up to 1.5% wt:vol) and less alkaline formulations (down to pH 10.5) improved resistance to wash-off. These results indicate that residual activity of B. thuringiensis in the presence of rain may be improved by the addition of gluten to the spray mixture</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><doi>10.1093/jee/90.2.354</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
subjects | ALCALINIDAD ALCALINITE ALKALINITY BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI BACTERIAL SPORES Biological and medical sciences Biological control Control CONTROL DE INSECTOS EFECTOS RESIDUALES EFFET RESIDUEL EFFICACY ESPORAS BACTERIANAS FORMULACIONES FORMULATION FORMULATIONS Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GLUTEN GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM INSECT CONTROL LLUVIA LUTTE ANTIINSECTE MORTALIDAD MORTALITE MORTALITY Noctuidae OSTRINIA NUBILALIS PERSISTENCE Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection PLUIE Protozoa. Invertebrates RAIN RAINFASTNESS RESIDUAL EFFECTS SPORE BACTERIENNE TRITICUM VIABILIDAD VIABILITE VIABILITY |
title | Effects of alkaline gluten on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis |
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