In vitro human cytotoxic T cell responses against influenza A virus can be induced and selected by synthetic peptides

Studies on human anti‐influenza cytolytic activities have demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from HLA‐B37 individuals react preferentially with the peptide corresponding to residues 335–349 of the nucleoprotein, whereas CTL from HLA‐A2 donors recognize peptide 57–68 from the viral matrix as a dominant epitope. We studied the secondary CTL response, obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, of an HLA‐A2+, B37+ individual stimulated either by infectious virus or by synthetic peptides. Only an HLA‐B37‐restricted response was detected after stimulation by the whole virus, showing an immunodominance of this activity over that restricted by HLA‐A2. Moreover, human cytotoxic cell lines were successfully obtained after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with synthetic peptides. Under these conditions, it was possible to selectively reveal the existence of an HLA‐A2‐restricted activity directed against the matrix peptide. These results demonstrate that, at least in vitro, it is possible to stimulate a latent repertoire by using synthetic peptides. Nevertheless, we could not induce a response against the matrix or the nucleoprotein peptides in HLA‐A2− or B37− individuals, suggesting that a finer selection of synthetic peptides would be necessary for their possible utilization to induce CTL during vaccination.