IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows' milk in England and Wales
IS900 PCR for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was applied to cream, whey, and pellet fractions of centrifuged whole cows' milk. The test and simultaneous control reactions gave correct results for spiked milk and for native milk samples obtained directly from M. paratuberculosis-free, subclinica...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1996-09, Vol.62 (9), p.3446-3452 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 3452 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 3446 |
| container_title | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| container_volume | 62 |
| creator | Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.) Ford, J Sanderson, J Withey, S Tizard, M Doran, T Hermon-Taylor, J |
| description | IS900 PCR for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was applied to cream, whey, and pellet fractions of centrifuged whole cows' milk. The test and simultaneous control reactions gave correct results for spiked milk and for native milk samples obtained directly from M. paratuberculosis-free, subclinically infected, and clinically infected cows. The test was then applied to units of whole pasteurized cows' milk widely obtained from retail outlets throughout central and southern England from September 1991 to March 1993. With peak periods in January to March and in September to November, when up to 25% of units were affected, an overall 22 of 312 samples (7%) tested positive for M. paratuberculosis. In 18 of the 22 positive samples (81%), the PCR signal segregated to the cream or pellet fractions or both, consistent with the presence of intact mycobacteria. Nine of 18 PCR-positive milk samples (50%) and 6 of 36 PCR-negative milk samples (16%) yielded long-term liquid cultures which tested positive for M. paratuberculosis after 13 to 40 months of incubation, despite overgrowth by other organisms. Taken together with data on the prevalence of M. paratuberculosis infection in herds in the United Kingdom, the known secretion of M. paratuberculosis in milk from subclinically infected animals, and the inability of laboratory conditions simulating pasteurization to ensure the killing of all these slowly growing or unculturable organisms, there is a high risk, particularly at peak times, that residual M. paratuberculosis will be present in retail pasteurized cows' milk in England |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1128/aem.62.9.3446-3452.1996 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_15900672</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>15900672</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c699t-49e5d12bd6bf574d71050adb0f2938dee7ab1716f51f34d65c6f2a4a9d67d9bf3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkktv1DAUhSMEKqXwB5AQLkKwyuBX7HjBAo0KVCoCUSqWluPHjIsTD3bCqP31OMxoRNmwsLy43zm-9_pU1XMEFwjh9o2y_YLhhVgQSllNaIMXSAh2rzpGULR1Qwi7Xx1DKESNMYUPq0c5X0MIKWTtUXXUctFgwo6r2_NLASH4svwKxgiMHa0ewacbHTulR5v81IONSmqcOpv0FGL2GfgBJDsqH0CeNpvgbQbRge06BlvgPNop-VtrgI7b_Br0PvyYJWfDKqjBgPl8V8Hmx9UDp0K2T_b3SXX1_uzb8mN98fnD-fLdRa2ZEGNNhW0Mwp1hnWs4NRzBBirTQYcFaY21XHWII-Ya5Ag1rNHMYUWVMIwb0TlyUr3d-W6mrrdG22FMKshN8r1KNzIqL-9WBr-Wq_hLItYiiov-1V6f4s_J5lH2PmsbyjQ2TlnyliDYUvFfEDVl1YzPji_-Aa_jlIayBIlhIwhlDBWI7yCdYs7JukPHCMo5A7JkQDIshZwzIOcMyDkDRfns74EPuv2nl_rLfV1lrYJLatA-HzCCCed_sNMdtvar9dYnK1Xu7z5amKc7xqko1SoVm6vL0kKJHCS_AZtKz9w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>205934661</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows' milk in England and Wales</title><source>American Society for Microbiology</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.) ; Ford, J ; Sanderson, J ; Withey, S ; Tizard, M ; Doran, T ; Hermon-Taylor, J</creator><creatorcontrib>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.) ; Ford, J ; Sanderson, J ; Withey, S ; Tizard, M ; Doran, T ; Hermon-Taylor, J</creatorcontrib><description>IS900 PCR for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was applied to cream, whey, and pellet fractions of centrifuged whole cows' milk. The test and simultaneous control reactions gave correct results for spiked milk and for native milk samples obtained directly from M. paratuberculosis-free, subclinically infected, and clinically infected cows. The test was then applied to units of whole pasteurized cows' milk widely obtained from retail outlets throughout central and southern England from September 1991 to March 1993. With peak periods in January to March and in September to November, when up to 25% of units were affected, an overall 22 of 312 samples (7%) tested positive for M. paratuberculosis. In 18 of the 22 positive samples (81%), the PCR signal segregated to the cream or pellet fractions or both, consistent with the presence of intact mycobacteria. Nine of 18 PCR-positive milk samples (50%) and 6 of 36 PCR-negative milk samples (16%) yielded long-term liquid cultures which tested positive for M. paratuberculosis after 13 to 40 months of incubation, despite overgrowth by other organisms. Taken together with data on the prevalence of M. paratuberculosis infection in herds in the United Kingdom, the known secretion of M. paratuberculosis in milk from subclinically infected animals, and the inability of laboratory conditions simulating pasteurization to ensure the killing of all these slowly growing or unculturable organisms, there is a high risk, particularly at peak times, that residual M. paratuberculosis will be present in retail pasteurized cows' milk in England</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.9.3446-3452.1996</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8795236</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AEMIDF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>ALIMENTOS ; ANGLETERRE ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cattle ; CONTAMINACION ; CONTAMINACION BIOLOGICA ; CONTAMINATION ; CONTAMINATION BIOLOGIQUE ; CREMA ; CREME ; ECHANTILLONNAGE ; ENCUESTAS ; England ; ENQUETE ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food industries ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; GALES ; GENE ; GENES ; INGLATERRA ; LACTOSERUM ; LACTOSUERO ; LAIT PASTEURISE ; LECHE PASTEURIZADA ; Microbiology ; Milk ; Milk - microbiology ; Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams ; Molecular Sequence Data ; MUESTREO ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - isolation & purification ; MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS ; PAYS DE GALLES ; PCR ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; PROCESAMIENTO ; PRODUIT ALIMENTAIRE ; TRAITEMENT ; Tuberculosis ; Wales</subject><ispartof>Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996-09, Vol.62 (9), p.3446-3452</ispartof><rights>1996 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology Sep 1996</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c699t-49e5d12bd6bf574d71050adb0f2938dee7ab1716f51f34d65c6f2a4a9d67d9bf3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC168142/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC168142/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,3188,3189,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3237736$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8795236$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ford, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanderson, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Withey, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tizard, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doran, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hermon-Taylor, J</creatorcontrib><title>IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows' milk in England and Wales</title><title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>IS900 PCR for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was applied to cream, whey, and pellet fractions of centrifuged whole cows' milk. The test and simultaneous control reactions gave correct results for spiked milk and for native milk samples obtained directly from M. paratuberculosis-free, subclinically infected, and clinically infected cows. The test was then applied to units of whole pasteurized cows' milk widely obtained from retail outlets throughout central and southern England from September 1991 to March 1993. With peak periods in January to March and in September to November, when up to 25% of units were affected, an overall 22 of 312 samples (7%) tested positive for M. paratuberculosis. In 18 of the 22 positive samples (81%), the PCR signal segregated to the cream or pellet fractions or both, consistent with the presence of intact mycobacteria. Nine of 18 PCR-positive milk samples (50%) and 6 of 36 PCR-negative milk samples (16%) yielded long-term liquid cultures which tested positive for M. paratuberculosis after 13 to 40 months of incubation, despite overgrowth by other organisms. Taken together with data on the prevalence of M. paratuberculosis infection in herds in the United Kingdom, the known secretion of M. paratuberculosis in milk from subclinically infected animals, and the inability of laboratory conditions simulating pasteurization to ensure the killing of all these slowly growing or unculturable organisms, there is a high risk, particularly at peak times, that residual M. paratuberculosis will be present in retail pasteurized cows' milk in England</description><subject>ALIMENTOS</subject><subject>ANGLETERRE</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>CONTAMINACION</subject><subject>CONTAMINACION BIOLOGICA</subject><subject>CONTAMINATION</subject><subject>CONTAMINATION BIOLOGIQUE</subject><subject>CREMA</subject><subject>CREME</subject><subject>ECHANTILLONNAGE</subject><subject>ENCUESTAS</subject><subject>England</subject><subject>ENQUETE</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GALES</subject><subject>GENE</subject><subject>GENES</subject><subject>INGLATERRA</subject><subject>LACTOSERUM</subject><subject>LACTOSUERO</subject><subject>LAIT PASTEURISE</subject><subject>LECHE PASTEURIZADA</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk - microbiology</subject><subject>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>MUESTREO</subject><subject>Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS</subject><subject>PAYS DE GALLES</subject><subject>PCR</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>PROCESAMIENTO</subject><subject>PRODUIT ALIMENTAIRE</subject><subject>TRAITEMENT</subject><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subject>Wales</subject><issn>0099-2240</issn><issn>1098-5336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktv1DAUhSMEKqXwB5AQLkKwyuBX7HjBAo0KVCoCUSqWluPHjIsTD3bCqP31OMxoRNmwsLy43zm-9_pU1XMEFwjh9o2y_YLhhVgQSllNaIMXSAh2rzpGULR1Qwi7Xx1DKESNMYUPq0c5X0MIKWTtUXXUctFgwo6r2_NLASH4svwKxgiMHa0ewacbHTulR5v81IONSmqcOpv0FGL2GfgBJDsqH0CeNpvgbQbRge06BlvgPNop-VtrgI7b_Br0PvyYJWfDKqjBgPl8V8Hmx9UDp0K2T_b3SXX1_uzb8mN98fnD-fLdRa2ZEGNNhW0Mwp1hnWs4NRzBBirTQYcFaY21XHWII-Ya5Ag1rNHMYUWVMIwb0TlyUr3d-W6mrrdG22FMKshN8r1KNzIqL-9WBr-Wq_hLItYiiov-1V6f4s_J5lH2PmsbyjQ2TlnyliDYUvFfEDVl1YzPji_-Aa_jlIayBIlhIwhlDBWI7yCdYs7JukPHCMo5A7JkQDIshZwzIOcMyDkDRfns74EPuv2nl_rLfV1lrYJLatA-HzCCCed_sNMdtvar9dYnK1Xu7z5amKc7xqko1SoVm6vL0kKJHCS_AZtKz9w</recordid><startdate>19960901</startdate><enddate>19960901</enddate><creator>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.)</creator><creator>Ford, J</creator><creator>Sanderson, J</creator><creator>Withey, S</creator><creator>Tizard, M</creator><creator>Doran, T</creator><creator>Hermon-Taylor, J</creator><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960901</creationdate><title>IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows' milk in England and Wales</title><author>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.) ; Ford, J ; Sanderson, J ; Withey, S ; Tizard, M ; Doran, T ; Hermon-Taylor, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c699t-49e5d12bd6bf574d71050adb0f2938dee7ab1716f51f34d65c6f2a4a9d67d9bf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>ALIMENTOS</topic><topic>ANGLETERRE</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>CONTAMINACION</topic><topic>CONTAMINACION BIOLOGICA</topic><topic>CONTAMINATION</topic><topic>CONTAMINATION BIOLOGIQUE</topic><topic>CREMA</topic><topic>CREME</topic><topic>ECHANTILLONNAGE</topic><topic>ENCUESTAS</topic><topic>England</topic><topic>ENQUETE</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GALES</topic><topic>GENE</topic><topic>GENES</topic><topic>INGLATERRA</topic><topic>LACTOSERUM</topic><topic>LACTOSUERO</topic><topic>LAIT PASTEURISE</topic><topic>LECHE PASTEURIZADA</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk - microbiology</topic><topic>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>MUESTREO</topic><topic>Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - isolation & purification</topic><topic>MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS</topic><topic>PAYS DE GALLES</topic><topic>PCR</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>PROCESAMIENTO</topic><topic>PRODUIT ALIMENTAIRE</topic><topic>TRAITEMENT</topic><topic>Tuberculosis</topic><topic>Wales</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ford, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanderson, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Withey, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tizard, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doran, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hermon-Taylor, J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Millar, D. (CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.)</au><au>Ford, J</au><au>Sanderson, J</au><au>Withey, S</au><au>Tizard, M</au><au>Doran, T</au><au>Hermon-Taylor, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows' milk in England and Wales</atitle><jtitle>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>1996-09-01</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>3446</spage><epage>3452</epage><pages>3446-3452</pages><issn>0099-2240</issn><eissn>1098-5336</eissn><coden>AEMIDF</coden><abstract>IS900 PCR for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was applied to cream, whey, and pellet fractions of centrifuged whole cows' milk. The test and simultaneous control reactions gave correct results for spiked milk and for native milk samples obtained directly from M. paratuberculosis-free, subclinically infected, and clinically infected cows. The test was then applied to units of whole pasteurized cows' milk widely obtained from retail outlets throughout central and southern England from September 1991 to March 1993. With peak periods in January to March and in September to November, when up to 25% of units were affected, an overall 22 of 312 samples (7%) tested positive for M. paratuberculosis. In 18 of the 22 positive samples (81%), the PCR signal segregated to the cream or pellet fractions or both, consistent with the presence of intact mycobacteria. Nine of 18 PCR-positive milk samples (50%) and 6 of 36 PCR-negative milk samples (16%) yielded long-term liquid cultures which tested positive for M. paratuberculosis after 13 to 40 months of incubation, despite overgrowth by other organisms. Taken together with data on the prevalence of M. paratuberculosis infection in herds in the United Kingdom, the known secretion of M. paratuberculosis in milk from subclinically infected animals, and the inability of laboratory conditions simulating pasteurization to ensure the killing of all these slowly growing or unculturable organisms, there is a high risk, particularly at peak times, that residual M. paratuberculosis will be present in retail pasteurized cows' milk in England</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>8795236</pmid><doi>10.1128/aem.62.9.3446-3452.1996</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0099-2240 |
| ispartof | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996-09, Vol.62 (9), p.3446-3452 |
| issn | 0099-2240 1098-5336 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_15900672 |
| source | American Society for Microbiology; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | ALIMENTOS ANGLETERRE Animals Bacteria Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Cattle CONTAMINACION CONTAMINACION BIOLOGICA CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION BIOLOGIQUE CREMA CREME ECHANTILLONNAGE ENCUESTAS England ENQUETE Food contamination & poisoning Food industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GALES GENE GENES INGLATERRA LACTOSERUM LACTOSUERO LAIT PASTEURISE LECHE PASTEURIZADA Microbiology Milk Milk - microbiology Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams Molecular Sequence Data MUESTREO Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - isolation & purification MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS PAYS DE GALLES PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PROCESAMIENTO PRODUIT ALIMENTAIRE TRAITEMENT Tuberculosis Wales |
| title | IS900 PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in retail supplies of whole pasteurized cows' milk in England and Wales |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-23T00%3A31%3A27IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=IS900%20PCR%20to%20detect%20Mycobacterium%20paratuberculosis%20in%20retail%20supplies%20of%20whole%20pasteurized%20cows'%20milk%20in%20England%20and%20Wales&rft.jtitle=Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology&rft.au=Millar,%20D.%20(CSIRO,%20North%20Ryde,%20New%20South%20Wales,%20Australia.)&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3446&rft.epage=3452&rft.pages=3446-3452&rft.issn=0099-2240&rft.eissn=1098-5336&rft.coden=AEMIDF&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/aem.62.9.3446-3452.1996&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E15900672%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=205934661&rft_id=info:pmid/8795236&rfr_iscdi=true |