Physiological Considerations in Applying Laboratory-Determined Buoyant Densities to Predictions of Bacterial and Protozoan Transport in Groundwater: Results of In-Situ and Laboratory Tests
Buoyant densities were determined for groundwater bacteria and microflagellates (protozoa) from a sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, MA) using two methods: (1) density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and (2) Stoke's law approximations using sedimentation rates observed during natural-gradient injection an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 1997-01, Vol.31 (1), p.289-295 |
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| creator | Harvey, Ronald W Metge, David W Kinner, Nancy Mayberry, Naleen |
| description | Buoyant densities were determined for groundwater bacteria and microflagellates (protozoa) from a sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, MA) using two methods: (1) density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and (2) Stoke's law approximations using sedimentation rates observed during natural-gradient injection and recovery tests. The dwarf (average cell size, 0.3 μm), unattached bacteria inhabiting a pristine zone just beneath the water table and a majority (∼80%) of the morphologically diverse community of free-living bacteria inhabiting a 5-km-long plume of organically-contaminated groundwater had DGC-determined buoyant densities |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es960461d |
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The dwarf (average cell size, 0.3 μm), unattached bacteria inhabiting a pristine zone just beneath the water table and a majority (∼80%) of the morphologically diverse community of free-living bacteria inhabiting a 5-km-long plume of organically-contaminated groundwater had DGC-determined buoyant densities <1.019 g/cm3 before culturing. In the aquifer, sinking rates for the uncultured 2-μm size class of contaminant plume bacteria were comparable to that of the bromide tracer (1.9 × 10-3 M), also suggesting a low buoyant density. Culturing groundwater bacteria resulted in larger (0.8−1.3 μm), less neutrally-buoyant (1.043−1.081 g/cm3) cells with potential sedimentation rates up to 64-fold higher than those predicted for the uncultured populations. Although sedimentation generally could be neglected in predicting subsurface transport for the community of free-living groundwater bacteria, it appeared to be important for the cultured isolates, at least until they readapt to aquifer conditions. Culturing-induced alterations in size of the contaminant-plume microflagellates (2−3 μm) were ameliorated by using a lower nutrient, acidic (pH 5) porous growth medium. Buoyant densities of the cultured microflagellates were low, i.e., 1.024−1.034 g/cm3 (using the DGC assay) and 1.017−1.039 g/cm3 (estimated from in-situ sedimentation rates), sug gesting good potential for subsurface transport under favorable conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es960461d</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS ; ANALYTICAL METHODS ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Bacteria ; Biological and medical sciences ; EAU SOUTERRAINE ; Environmental monitoring ; Freshwater ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Buoyant densities were determined for groundwater bacteria and microflagellates (protozoa) from a sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, MA) using two methods: (1) density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and (2) Stoke's law approximations using sedimentation rates observed during natural-gradient injection and recovery tests. The dwarf (average cell size, 0.3 μm), unattached bacteria inhabiting a pristine zone just beneath the water table and a majority (∼80%) of the morphologically diverse community of free-living bacteria inhabiting a 5-km-long plume of organically-contaminated groundwater had DGC-determined buoyant densities <1.019 g/cm3 before culturing. In the aquifer, sinking rates for the uncultured 2-μm size class of contaminant plume bacteria were comparable to that of the bromide tracer (1.9 × 10-3 M), also suggesting a low buoyant density. Culturing groundwater bacteria resulted in larger (0.8−1.3 μm), less neutrally-buoyant (1.043−1.081 g/cm3) cells with potential sedimentation rates up to 64-fold higher than those predicted for the uncultured populations. Although sedimentation generally could be neglected in predicting subsurface transport for the community of free-living groundwater bacteria, it appeared to be important for the cultured isolates, at least until they readapt to aquifer conditions. Culturing-induced alterations in size of the contaminant-plume microflagellates (2−3 μm) were ameliorated by using a lower nutrient, acidic (pH 5) porous growth medium. Buoyant densities of the cultured microflagellates were low, i.e., 1.024−1.034 g/cm3 (using the DGC assay) and 1.017−1.039 g/cm3 (estimated from in-situ sedimentation rates), sug gesting good potential for subsurface transport under favorable conditions.</description><subject>AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS</subject><subject>ANALYTICAL METHODS</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>EAU SOUTERRAINE</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GROUNDWATER</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Microbial ecology</subject><subject>PROTOZOA</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</subject><subject>TECHNIQUE ANALYTIQUE</subject><subject>TECNICAS ANALITICAS</subject><subject>Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water)</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNplkc9u1DAQxiMEEkvhwJWThQCJQ8B_Yifh1u5CqbSILbuVEBdrNnEWl6wdbEcQTlx5Kt6FJ8Fpqq0EJ488v--bTzNJ8pDgFwRT8lL5UuBMkPpWMiOc4pQXnNxOZhgTlpZMfLyb3PP-EmNMGS5mye_V58Fr29qdrqBFc2u8rpWDoGOFtEHHXdcO2uzQErY2_ls3pAsVlNtro2p00tsBTEALFYVBK4-CRSunal1NFrZBJ1BFXkd7MHVs2mB_WDBo48D4zrowzjl1tjf1N4jkqz8_f6EPyvdtuNKfmXStQ3-lvkmBNsoHfz-500Dr1YPr9yi5ePN6M3-bLt-fns2PlykwIkJaNTktKasY3wooIW6DFrymnLAsV2WdFRmAoFg0WbbdllAIyCNcCEyqTG1zxo6SZ5Nv5-zXPk6We-0r1bZglO29JLwQBcuLCD7-B7y0vTMxm4wbJ4wXdISeT1DlrPdONbJzeg9ukATL8Y7ycMfIPrk2BB9P1MSlVdofBJQLzkoRsXTCtA_q-6EN7osUOcu53KzW8pzQd_jTZiHPI_9o4huwEnYuWl6sy3wcPpo9nZpQ-Zv8_2f7C2zLxH8</recordid><startdate>199701</startdate><enddate>199701</enddate><creator>Harvey, Ronald W</creator><creator>Metge, David W</creator><creator>Kinner, Nancy</creator><creator>Mayberry, Naleen</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199701</creationdate><title>Physiological Considerations in Applying Laboratory-Determined Buoyant Densities to Predictions of Bacterial and Protozoan Transport in Groundwater: Results of In-Situ and Laboratory Tests</title><author>Harvey, Ronald W ; Metge, David W ; Kinner, Nancy ; Mayberry, Naleen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a316t-cf72923c35b6a9a001285d251347e9d484aa6206f44bb9a86a73c38601c4eb733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS</topic><topic>ANALYTICAL METHODS</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>EAU SOUTERRAINE</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GROUNDWATER</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Microbial ecology</topic><topic>PROTOZOA</topic><topic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</topic><topic>TECHNIQUE ANALYTIQUE</topic><topic>TECNICAS ANALITICAS</topic><topic>Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Ronald W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metge, David W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kinner, Nancy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayberry, Naleen</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Harvey, Ronald W</au><au>Metge, David W</au><au>Kinner, Nancy</au><au>Mayberry, Naleen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Physiological Considerations in Applying Laboratory-Determined Buoyant Densities to Predictions of Bacterial and Protozoan Transport in Groundwater: Results of In-Situ and Laboratory Tests</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>1997-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>289</spage><epage>295</epage><pages>289-295</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Buoyant densities were determined for groundwater bacteria and microflagellates (protozoa) from a sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, MA) using two methods: (1) density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and (2) Stoke's law approximations using sedimentation rates observed during natural-gradient injection and recovery tests. The dwarf (average cell size, 0.3 μm), unattached bacteria inhabiting a pristine zone just beneath the water table and a majority (∼80%) of the morphologically diverse community of free-living bacteria inhabiting a 5-km-long plume of organically-contaminated groundwater had DGC-determined buoyant densities <1.019 g/cm3 before culturing. In the aquifer, sinking rates for the uncultured 2-μm size class of contaminant plume bacteria were comparable to that of the bromide tracer (1.9 × 10-3 M), also suggesting a low buoyant density. Culturing groundwater bacteria resulted in larger (0.8−1.3 μm), less neutrally-buoyant (1.043−1.081 g/cm3) cells with potential sedimentation rates up to 64-fold higher than those predicted for the uncultured populations. Although sedimentation generally could be neglected in predicting subsurface transport for the community of free-living groundwater bacteria, it appeared to be important for the cultured isolates, at least until they readapt to aquifer conditions. Culturing-induced alterations in size of the contaminant-plume microflagellates (2−3 μm) were ameliorated by using a lower nutrient, acidic (pH 5) porous growth medium. Buoyant densities of the cultured microflagellates were low, i.e., 1.024−1.034 g/cm3 (using the DGC assay) and 1.017−1.039 g/cm3 (estimated from in-situ sedimentation rates), sug gesting good potential for subsurface transport under favorable conditions.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><doi>10.1021/es960461d</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 1997-01, Vol.31 (1), p.289-295 |
| issn | 0013-936X 1520-5851 |
| language | eng |
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| source | American Chemical Society Journals |
| subjects | AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS ANALYTICAL METHODS Animal, plant and microbial ecology Bacteria Biological and medical sciences EAU SOUTERRAINE Environmental monitoring Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GROUNDWATER Laboratories Microbial ecology PROTOZOA Pseudomonas aeruginosa TECHNIQUE ANALYTIQUE TECNICAS ANALITICAS Various environments (extraatmospheric space, air, water) |
| title | Physiological Considerations in Applying Laboratory-Determined Buoyant Densities to Predictions of Bacterial and Protozoan Transport in Groundwater: Results of In-Situ and Laboratory Tests |
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