Surface and free tropospheric sources of methanesulfonic acid over the tropical Pacific Ocean
The production of sulfate aerosols through sulfur chemistry in marine environments is critical to the tropical climate system. However, not all sulfur compounds have been studied in detail. One such compound is methanesulfonic acid (MSA). In this study, we use a one‐dimensional chemical transport mo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical Research Letters, 41(14):5239-5245 41(14):5239-5245, 2014-07, Vol.41 (14), p.5239-5245 |
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| container_title | Geophysical Research Letters, 41(14):5239-5245 |
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| creator | Zhang, Yuzhong Wang, Yuhang Gray, Burton Alonza Gu, Dasa Mauldin, Lee Cantrell, Christopher Bandy, Alan |
| description | The production of sulfate aerosols through sulfur chemistry in marine environments is critical to the tropical climate system. However, not all sulfur compounds have been studied in detail. One such compound is methanesulfonic acid (MSA). In this study, we use a one‐dimensional chemical transport model to analyze the observed vertical profiles of gas phase MSA during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment. The observed sharp decrease in MSA from the surface to 600 m implies a surface source of 4.0 × 107 molecules/cm2/s. Evidence suggests that this source is photolytically enhanced in daytime. We also find that the observed large increase of MSA from the boundary layer into the lower free troposphere (1000–2000 m) results mainly from the degassing of MSA from dehydrated aerosols. We estimate a source of 1.2 × 107 molecules/cm2/s to the free troposphere through this pathway. This source of soluble MSA could potentially provide an important precursor for new particle formation in the free troposphere over the tropics, affecting the climate system through aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Key Points
Observations reveal missing sources of MSA over the tropical Pacific
The unknown sulfur source has large impacts on aerosol formation and climate |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2014GL060934 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
Observations reveal missing sources of MSA over the tropical Pacific
The unknown sulfur source has large impacts on aerosol formation and climate</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060934</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Atmospheric aerosols ; Atmospherics ; Boundary layers ; Chemical transport ; Climate ; Climate system ; Degassing ; Formations ; Marine ; Marine environment ; Marine environments ; MSA ; new particle formation ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; oceanic source ; Sulfates ; Sulfur ; Tropical environments ; Troposphere</subject><ispartof>Geophysical Research Letters, 41(14):5239-5245, 2014-07, Vol.41 (14), p.5239-5245</ispartof><rights>2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4709-e56e280349655aff9abfea1af368d529c736ef23a0fe174f72437f5316393cf53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4709-e56e280349655aff9abfea1af368d529c736ef23a0fe174f72437f5316393cf53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2014GL060934$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2014GL060934$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,881,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1172464$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuzhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuhang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, Burton Alonza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Dasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mauldin, Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantrell, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bandy, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Surface and free tropospheric sources of methanesulfonic acid over the tropical Pacific Ocean</title><title>Geophysical Research Letters, 41(14):5239-5245</title><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><description>The production of sulfate aerosols through sulfur chemistry in marine environments is critical to the tropical climate system. However, not all sulfur compounds have been studied in detail. One such compound is methanesulfonic acid (MSA). In this study, we use a one‐dimensional chemical transport model to analyze the observed vertical profiles of gas phase MSA during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment. The observed sharp decrease in MSA from the surface to 600 m implies a surface source of 4.0 × 107 molecules/cm2/s. Evidence suggests that this source is photolytically enhanced in daytime. We also find that the observed large increase of MSA from the boundary layer into the lower free troposphere (1000–2000 m) results mainly from the degassing of MSA from dehydrated aerosols. We estimate a source of 1.2 × 107 molecules/cm2/s to the free troposphere through this pathway. This source of soluble MSA could potentially provide an important precursor for new particle formation in the free troposphere over the tropics, affecting the climate system through aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Key Points
Observations reveal missing sources of MSA over the tropical Pacific
The unknown sulfur source has large impacts on aerosol formation and climate</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospheric aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospherics</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Chemical transport</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate system</subject><subject>Degassing</subject><subject>Formations</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine environment</subject><subject>Marine environments</subject><subject>MSA</subject><subject>new particle formation</subject><subject>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</subject><subject>oceanic source</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Tropical environments</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90c9rFDEUB_AgCq7Vm39A0IsHR19-T47S2q2wtOIqniTE7AubOjvZJjNq_3tTRkQ8mEseeZ9vIHmEPGXwigHw1xyYXG9AgxXyHlkxK2XXA5j7ZAVgW82Nfkge1XoNAAIEW5Ev27lEH5D6cUdjQaRTycdcj3ssKdCa5xKw0hzpAae9H7HOQ8xja_mQdjR_x0Kn_ZJKwQ_0fTuPrX0V0I-PyYPoh4pPfu8n5NP524-nF93mav3u9M2mC9KA7VBp5D0IabVSPkbrv0b0zEeh-53iNhihMXLhISIzMhouhYlKMC2sCK04Ic-We3OdkqshTRj2IY8jhskx1ryWDb1Y0LHkmxnr5A6pBhyG9qo8V8eU1r28W40-_4det48Y2xMc05KDErbXTb1cVCi51oLRHUs6-HLrGLi7gbi_B9I4X_iPNODtf61bf9go1hvbQt0SSnXCn39Cvnxz2gij3OfLtTu72LKzbX_uLsUvtzaZuw</recordid><startdate>20140728</startdate><enddate>20140728</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yuzhong</creator><creator>Wang, Yuhang</creator><creator>Gray, Burton Alonza</creator><creator>Gu, Dasa</creator><creator>Mauldin, Lee</creator><creator>Cantrell, Christopher</creator><creator>Bandy, Alan</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140728</creationdate><title>Surface and free tropospheric sources of methanesulfonic acid over the tropical Pacific Ocean</title><author>Zhang, Yuzhong ; Wang, Yuhang ; Gray, Burton Alonza ; Gu, Dasa ; Mauldin, Lee ; Cantrell, Christopher ; Bandy, Alan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4709-e56e280349655aff9abfea1af368d529c736ef23a0fe174f72437f5316393cf53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Atmospheric aerosols</topic><topic>Atmospherics</topic><topic>Boundary layers</topic><topic>Chemical transport</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate system</topic><topic>Degassing</topic><topic>Formations</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine environment</topic><topic>Marine environments</topic><topic>MSA</topic><topic>new particle formation</topic><topic>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</topic><topic>oceanic source</topic><topic>Sulfates</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><topic>Tropical environments</topic><topic>Troposphere</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuzhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuhang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, Burton Alonza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Dasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mauldin, Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cantrell, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bandy, Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacific Northwest National Lab. 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(PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Surface and free tropospheric sources of methanesulfonic acid over the tropical Pacific Ocean</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical Research Letters, 41(14):5239-5245</jtitle><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2014-07-28</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>5239</spage><epage>5245</epage><pages>5239-5245</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>The production of sulfate aerosols through sulfur chemistry in marine environments is critical to the tropical climate system. However, not all sulfur compounds have been studied in detail. One such compound is methanesulfonic acid (MSA). In this study, we use a one‐dimensional chemical transport model to analyze the observed vertical profiles of gas phase MSA during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment. The observed sharp decrease in MSA from the surface to 600 m implies a surface source of 4.0 × 107 molecules/cm2/s. Evidence suggests that this source is photolytically enhanced in daytime. We also find that the observed large increase of MSA from the boundary layer into the lower free troposphere (1000–2000 m) results mainly from the degassing of MSA from dehydrated aerosols. We estimate a source of 1.2 × 107 molecules/cm2/s to the free troposphere through this pathway. This source of soluble MSA could potentially provide an important precursor for new particle formation in the free troposphere over the tropics, affecting the climate system through aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Key Points
Observations reveal missing sources of MSA over the tropical Pacific
The unknown sulfur source has large impacts on aerosol formation and climate</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2014GL060934</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Free Content; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aerosols Atmospheric aerosols Atmospherics Boundary layers Chemical transport Climate Climate system Degassing Formations Marine Marine environment Marine environments MSA new particle formation Ocean-atmosphere interaction oceanic source Sulfates Sulfur Tropical environments Troposphere |
| title | Surface and free tropospheric sources of methanesulfonic acid over the tropical Pacific Ocean |
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