Dynamics of a Kalahari long-lived mega-lake system: hydromorphological and limnological changes in the Makgadikgadi Basin (Botswana) during the terminal 50 ka
The Kalahari features a long-lived lacustrine system which may exist since the Early Pleistocene. The emergence of an extant cichlid fish radiation from this (palaeo-) lake during the Middle Pleistocene indicates an ancient lake character. The early history of the system remains speculative, but it...
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description | The Kalahari features a long-lived lacustrine system which may exist since the Early Pleistocene. The emergence of an extant cichlid fish radiation from this (palaeo-) lake during the Middle Pleistocene indicates an ancient lake character. The early history of the system remains speculative, but it is established that lake extensions matching modern Lake Victoria in size have occurred during the Late Pleistocene. It has been assumed that the hydrographical dynamics chiefly depended on the inflow from the Okavango River and thus on ITCZ-controlled precipitation. Our studies, which focused the hydromorphological and palaeolimnological development of the Makgadikgadi Basin during the last 50 ka, suggest that from c. 46–16 ka it did not receive water from the Okavango River but from palaeo-rivers located in the northern and south-western catchment. A northward shift of the winter rainfall zone during the Last Glacial Maximum sustained a high lake level for a period of c. 6 ka. During Heinrich Event 1 (17–16 ka) the lake probably desiccated abruptly and completely. Higher lake levels, controlled by water from the Okavango river system, were reached again during the Holocene before the lake dried up in the middle of the last millennium. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10750-013-1647-x |
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G ; Heußner, Karl-U ; Kaufmann, Georg ; Kossler, Annette ; Leipe, Christian ; Shemang, Elisha ; Taft, Linda</creator><creatorcontrib>Riedel, Frank ; Henderson, Andrew C. G ; Heußner, Karl-U ; Kaufmann, Georg ; Kossler, Annette ; Leipe, Christian ; Shemang, Elisha ; Taft, Linda</creatorcontrib><description>The Kalahari features a long-lived lacustrine system which may exist since the Early Pleistocene. The emergence of an extant cichlid fish radiation from this (palaeo-) lake during the Middle Pleistocene indicates an ancient lake character. The early history of the system remains speculative, but it is established that lake extensions matching modern Lake Victoria in size have occurred during the Late Pleistocene. It has been assumed that the hydrographical dynamics chiefly depended on the inflow from the Okavango River and thus on ITCZ-controlled precipitation. Our studies, which focused the hydromorphological and palaeolimnological development of the Makgadikgadi Basin during the last 50 ka, suggest that from c. 46–16 ka it did not receive water from the Okavango River but from palaeo-rivers located in the northern and south-western catchment. A northward shift of the winter rainfall zone during the Last Glacial Maximum sustained a high lake level for a period of c. 6 ka. During Heinrich Event 1 (17–16 ka) the lake probably desiccated abruptly and completely. Higher lake levels, controlled by water from the Okavango river system, were reached again during the Holocene before the lake dried up in the middle of the last millennium.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-8158</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-5117</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10750-013-1647-x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Basins ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Cichlidae ; Climate change ; Ecology ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology ; Geomorphology ; Holocene ; Hydrologic sciences ; Lakes ; Life Sciences ; Morphology ; Pleistocene ; rain ; Rain and rainfall ; Rivers ; Speciation ; Speciation in Ancient Lakes 6 ; Water inflow ; watersheds ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Hydrobiologia, 2014-11, Vol.739 (1), p.25-53</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Springer</rights><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-b0145d5763aedf1115e78adcfbbd2dcf88f55e7144c1a323b96514b31c72e6233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-b0145d5763aedf1115e78adcfbbd2dcf88f55e7144c1a323b96514b31c72e6233</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10750-013-1647-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10750-013-1647-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Riedel, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henderson, Andrew C. 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It has been assumed that the hydrographical dynamics chiefly depended on the inflow from the Okavango River and thus on ITCZ-controlled precipitation. Our studies, which focused the hydromorphological and palaeolimnological development of the Makgadikgadi Basin during the last 50 ka, suggest that from c. 46–16 ka it did not receive water from the Okavango River but from palaeo-rivers located in the northern and south-western catchment. A northward shift of the winter rainfall zone during the Last Glacial Maximum sustained a high lake level for a period of c. 6 ka. During Heinrich Event 1 (17–16 ka) the lake probably desiccated abruptly and completely. 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G</au><au>Heußner, Karl-U</au><au>Kaufmann, Georg</au><au>Kossler, Annette</au><au>Leipe, Christian</au><au>Shemang, Elisha</au><au>Taft, Linda</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dynamics of a Kalahari long-lived mega-lake system: hydromorphological and limnological changes in the Makgadikgadi Basin (Botswana) during the terminal 50 ka</atitle><jtitle>Hydrobiologia</jtitle><stitle>Hydrobiologia</stitle><date>2014-11-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>739</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>25</spage><epage>53</epage><pages>25-53</pages><issn>0018-8158</issn><eissn>1573-5117</eissn><abstract>The Kalahari features a long-lived lacustrine system which may exist since the Early Pleistocene. The emergence of an extant cichlid fish radiation from this (palaeo-) lake during the Middle Pleistocene indicates an ancient lake character. The early history of the system remains speculative, but it is established that lake extensions matching modern Lake Victoria in size have occurred during the Late Pleistocene. It has been assumed that the hydrographical dynamics chiefly depended on the inflow from the Okavango River and thus on ITCZ-controlled precipitation. Our studies, which focused the hydromorphological and palaeolimnological development of the Makgadikgadi Basin during the last 50 ka, suggest that from c. 46–16 ka it did not receive water from the Okavango River but from palaeo-rivers located in the northern and south-western catchment. A northward shift of the winter rainfall zone during the Last Glacial Maximum sustained a high lake level for a period of c. 6 ka. During Heinrich Event 1 (17–16 ka) the lake probably desiccated abruptly and completely. Higher lake levels, controlled by water from the Okavango river system, were reached again during the Holocene before the lake dried up in the middle of the last millennium.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s10750-013-1647-x</doi><tpages>29</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analysis Basins Biomedical and Life Sciences Cichlidae Climate change Ecology Freshwater & Marine Ecology Geomorphology Holocene Hydrologic sciences Lakes Life Sciences Morphology Pleistocene rain Rain and rainfall Rivers Speciation Speciation in Ancient Lakes 6 Water inflow watersheds Zoology |
title | Dynamics of a Kalahari long-lived mega-lake system: hydromorphological and limnological changes in the Makgadikgadi Basin (Botswana) during the terminal 50 ka |
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