Sacred populations of Cercopithecus sclateri: Analysis of apparent population increases from census counts
The development of effective conservation and management actions for populations of wild species generally requires monitoring programs that provide reliable estimates of population size over time. Primate researchers have to date given more attention to evaluating techniques for monitoring primates...
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Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of primatology 2014-04, Vol.76 (4), p.303-312 |
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description | The development of effective conservation and management actions for populations of wild species generally requires monitoring programs that provide reliable estimates of population size over time. Primate researchers have to date given more attention to evaluating techniques for monitoring primates in natural habitats compared to populations that occur in villages or urban areas. We conducted censuses to estimate the abundance and density of two sacred, village‐dwelling populations (Lagwa and Akpugoeze) of Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), a threatened species endemic to southeastern Nigeria, and compared these data to previous census results. We recorded population increases in both sites: a 66% increase over 4½ years in Lagwa (from 124 to 206 individuals) at an annual rate of 10.2%, and a 29% increase over 4 years in Akpugoeze (from 193 to 249 individuals) at an annual rate of 5.7%. Mean group size also increased in both sites. Density in Lagwa was 24.2 individuals/km2, and density in a core survey area of Akpugoeze was 36–38 individuals/km2. Our results may have been affected by monkey ranging and grouping patterns and improved detectability due to our revised census technique, which included secondary observers. With further work on methodology for censusing populations that occur in human‐settled environments, techniques can be refined and customized to individual sites for more accurate estimates. Our investigation of Sclater's monkey in Lagwa and Akpugoeze, two sites critical for conservation of the species, indicated that both of these populations have increased, and neither faces immediate risk of extirpation. Such population growth, while encouraging, will likely exacerbate human–monkey conflict and thus should be understood in terms of potential socioeconomic impacts. Am. J. Primatol. 76:303–312, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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Primate researchers have to date given more attention to evaluating techniques for monitoring primates in natural habitats compared to populations that occur in villages or urban areas. We conducted censuses to estimate the abundance and density of two sacred, village‐dwelling populations (Lagwa and Akpugoeze) of Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), a threatened species endemic to southeastern Nigeria, and compared these data to previous census results. We recorded population increases in both sites: a 66% increase over 4½ years in Lagwa (from 124 to 206 individuals) at an annual rate of 10.2%, and a 29% increase over 4 years in Akpugoeze (from 193 to 249 individuals) at an annual rate of 5.7%. Mean group size also increased in both sites. Density in Lagwa was 24.2 individuals/km2, and density in a core survey area of Akpugoeze was 36–38 individuals/km2. Our results may have been affected by monkey ranging and grouping patterns and improved detectability due to our revised census technique, which included secondary observers. With further work on methodology for censusing populations that occur in human‐settled environments, techniques can be refined and customized to individual sites for more accurate estimates. Our investigation of Sclater's monkey in Lagwa and Akpugoeze, two sites critical for conservation of the species, indicated that both of these populations have increased, and neither faces immediate risk of extirpation. Such population growth, while encouraging, will likely exacerbate human–monkey conflict and thus should be understood in terms of potential socioeconomic impacts. Am. J. Primatol. 76:303–312, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0275-2565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-2345</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22234</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24282131</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPTDU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Census ; Censuses ; Cercopithecus ; Conflict ; conservation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Endemic species ; Habitats ; monitoring ; Nigeria ; Population ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Population number ; Primate behaviour ; Primates ; Primatology ; Research Design - standards ; Sclater's monkey ; survey ; taboo ; Threatened species ; Urban areas</subject><ispartof>American journal of primatology, 2014-04, Vol.76 (4), p.303-312</ispartof><rights>2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4574-527902f682a030c05b2086b5771af283dd5f3a0513e4bc5a774f3fd4356938653</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4574-527902f682a030c05b2086b5771af283dd5f3a0513e4bc5a774f3fd4356938653</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fajp.22234$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fajp.22234$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282131$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baker, Lynne R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanimola, Adebowale A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olubode, Oluseun S.</creatorcontrib><title>Sacred populations of Cercopithecus sclateri: Analysis of apparent population increases from census counts</title><title>American journal of primatology</title><addtitle>Am. J. Primatol</addtitle><description>The development of effective conservation and management actions for populations of wild species generally requires monitoring programs that provide reliable estimates of population size over time. Primate researchers have to date given more attention to evaluating techniques for monitoring primates in natural habitats compared to populations that occur in villages or urban areas. We conducted censuses to estimate the abundance and density of two sacred, village‐dwelling populations (Lagwa and Akpugoeze) of Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), a threatened species endemic to southeastern Nigeria, and compared these data to previous census results. We recorded population increases in both sites: a 66% increase over 4½ years in Lagwa (from 124 to 206 individuals) at an annual rate of 10.2%, and a 29% increase over 4 years in Akpugoeze (from 193 to 249 individuals) at an annual rate of 5.7%. Mean group size also increased in both sites. Density in Lagwa was 24.2 individuals/km2, and density in a core survey area of Akpugoeze was 36–38 individuals/km2. Our results may have been affected by monkey ranging and grouping patterns and improved detectability due to our revised census technique, which included secondary observers. With further work on methodology for censusing populations that occur in human‐settled environments, techniques can be refined and customized to individual sites for more accurate estimates. Our investigation of Sclater's monkey in Lagwa and Akpugoeze, two sites critical for conservation of the species, indicated that both of these populations have increased, and neither faces immediate risk of extirpation. Such population growth, while encouraging, will likely exacerbate human–monkey conflict and thus should be understood in terms of potential socioeconomic impacts. Am. J. Primatol. 76:303–312, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Census</subject><subject>Censuses</subject><subject>Cercopithecus</subject><subject>Conflict</subject><subject>conservation</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Endangered Species</subject><subject>Endemic species</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>Nigeria</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Population Growth</subject><subject>Population number</subject><subject>Primate behaviour</subject><subject>Primates</subject><subject>Primatology</subject><subject>Research Design - standards</subject><subject>Sclater's monkey</subject><subject>survey</subject><subject>taboo</subject><subject>Threatened species</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><issn>0275-2565</issn><issn>1098-2345</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1vEzEQhi1ERdPCgT-AVuJCD9v6a2wvtyiC0KoFJD5vluO1hcNmvdi7gvx73KStKiSknmaked7nMC9Czwk-JRjTM7MeTimljD9CM4IbVZcVHqMZphJqCgIO0VHOa4wJ4QKeoEPKqaKEkRlafzI2ubYa4jB1Zgyxz1X01cIlG4cw_nB2ylW25eRSeF3Ne9Ntc9gxZhhMcv14L1uFvthMdrnyKW4q6_pc8jZO_ZifogNvuuye3cxj9OXtm8-Ld_Xlh-X5Yn5ZWw6S10Blg6kXihrMsMWwoliJFUhJjKeKtS14ZjAQ5vjKgpGSe-ZbzkA0TAlgx-jV3juk-GtyedSbkK3rOtO7OGVNQAhVHqTYA1ACjSJUNQ9AsZQNIeTa-vIfdB2nVD63owSXCrgo1MmesinmnJzXQwobk7aaYH1dqy616l2thX1xY5xWG9fekbc9FuBsD_wOndv-36TnFx9vlfU-EfLo_twlTPqphWQS9Lf3S43F4uuFWH7XV-wvh8G5gg</recordid><startdate>201404</startdate><enddate>201404</enddate><creator>Baker, Lynne R.</creator><creator>Tanimola, Adebowale A.</creator><creator>Olubode, Oluseun S.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201404</creationdate><title>Sacred populations of Cercopithecus sclateri: Analysis of apparent population increases from census counts</title><author>Baker, Lynne R. ; Tanimola, Adebowale A. ; Olubode, Oluseun S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4574-527902f682a030c05b2086b5771af283dd5f3a0513e4bc5a774f3fd4356938653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Census</topic><topic>Censuses</topic><topic>Cercopithecus</topic><topic>Conflict</topic><topic>conservation</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Endangered Species</topic><topic>Endemic species</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>monitoring</topic><topic>Nigeria</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population Density</topic><topic>Population Growth</topic><topic>Population number</topic><topic>Primate behaviour</topic><topic>Primates</topic><topic>Primatology</topic><topic>Research Design - standards</topic><topic>Sclater's monkey</topic><topic>survey</topic><topic>taboo</topic><topic>Threatened species</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baker, Lynne R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanimola, Adebowale A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olubode, Oluseun S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of primatology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baker, Lynne R.</au><au>Tanimola, Adebowale A.</au><au>Olubode, Oluseun S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sacred populations of Cercopithecus sclateri: Analysis of apparent population increases from census counts</atitle><jtitle>American journal of primatology</jtitle><addtitle>Am. J. Primatol</addtitle><date>2014-04</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>303</spage><epage>312</epage><pages>303-312</pages><issn>0275-2565</issn><eissn>1098-2345</eissn><coden>AJPTDU</coden><abstract>The development of effective conservation and management actions for populations of wild species generally requires monitoring programs that provide reliable estimates of population size over time. Primate researchers have to date given more attention to evaluating techniques for monitoring primates in natural habitats compared to populations that occur in villages or urban areas. We conducted censuses to estimate the abundance and density of two sacred, village‐dwelling populations (Lagwa and Akpugoeze) of Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), a threatened species endemic to southeastern Nigeria, and compared these data to previous census results. We recorded population increases in both sites: a 66% increase over 4½ years in Lagwa (from 124 to 206 individuals) at an annual rate of 10.2%, and a 29% increase over 4 years in Akpugoeze (from 193 to 249 individuals) at an annual rate of 5.7%. Mean group size also increased in both sites. Density in Lagwa was 24.2 individuals/km2, and density in a core survey area of Akpugoeze was 36–38 individuals/km2. Our results may have been affected by monkey ranging and grouping patterns and improved detectability due to our revised census technique, which included secondary observers. With further work on methodology for censusing populations that occur in human‐settled environments, techniques can be refined and customized to individual sites for more accurate estimates. Our investigation of Sclater's monkey in Lagwa and Akpugoeze, two sites critical for conservation of the species, indicated that both of these populations have increased, and neither faces immediate risk of extirpation. Such population growth, while encouraging, will likely exacerbate human–monkey conflict and thus should be understood in terms of potential socioeconomic impacts. Am. J. Primatol. 76:303–312, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24282131</pmid><doi>10.1002/ajp.22234</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Census Censuses Cercopithecus Conflict conservation Conservation of Natural Resources Ecosystem Endangered Species Endemic species Habitats monitoring Nigeria Population Population Density Population Growth Population number Primate behaviour Primates Primatology Research Design - standards Sclater's monkey survey taboo Threatened species Urban areas |
title | Sacred populations of Cercopithecus sclateri: Analysis of apparent population increases from census counts |
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