Rapid Acceleration Leads to Rapid Weakening in Earthquake-Like Laboratory Experiments
After nucleation, a large earthquake propagates as an expanding rupture front along a fault. This front activates countless fault patches that slip by consuming energy stored in Earth's crust. We simulated the slip of a fault patch by rapidly loading an experimental fault with energy stored in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2012-10, Vol.338 (6103), p.101-105 |
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| creator | Chang, J. C. Lockner, D. A. Reches, Z. |
| description | After nucleation, a large earthquake propagates as an expanding rupture front along a fault. This front activates countless fault patches that slip by consuming energy stored in Earth's crust. We simulated the slip of a fault patch by rapidly loading an experimental fault with energy stored in a spinning flywheel. The spontaneous evolution of strength, acceleration, and velocity indicates that our experiments are proxies of fault-patch behavior during earthquakes of moment magnitude (M w ) = 4 to 8. We show that seismically determined earthquake parameters (e.g., displacement, velocity, magnitude, or fracture energy) can be used to estimate the intensity of the energy release during an earthquake. Our experiments further indicate that high acceleration imposed by the earthquake's rupture front quickens dynamic weakening by intense wear of the fault zone. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.1221195 |
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| subjects | Acceleration Acceleration (Education) Dolomite Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Earthquake damage Earthquakes Earthquakes, seismology Energy Exact sciences and technology Extrapolation Faults Flux density Flywheels Geologic shear Geometric lines Geophysics Granite High speed Internal geophysics Laboratories Laboratory Experiments Physics Plate tectonics Seismic phenomena Seismology Shear stress Simulation Velocity |
| title | Rapid Acceleration Leads to Rapid Weakening in Earthquake-Like Laboratory Experiments |
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