Approach to Fabricating Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends and Foams with Tunable Properties by Twin-Screw Extrusion and Microcellular Injection Molding
ABSTRACT Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used in many applications because of its broad range of properties. However, synthesis of TPU with desirable properties is time consuming and only produces limited quantities. In this paper, twin‐screw extrusion was used to produce TPU blends...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Advances in polymer technology 2014-03, Vol.33 (1), p.np-n/a |
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| creator | Mi, Hao-Yang Jing, Xin Salick, Max R. Crone, Wendy C. Peng, Xiang-Fang Turng, Lih-Sheng |
| description | ABSTRACT
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used in many applications because of its broad range of properties. However, synthesis of TPU with desirable properties is time consuming and only produces limited quantities. In this paper, twin‐screw extrusion was used to produce TPU blends of varying soft and hard segments with tunable properties. Foamed samples of TPU blends were produced by microcellular injection molding. Multiple characterization tests were performed to confirm the miscibility and tunability of the blends. It was confirmed that soft and hard TPUs were compatible at ratios of 2:1 and 1:2, but partially miscible at a ratio of 1:1. Rigidity increased while the shape‐recovery rate decreased with increasing the hard TPU content. The blend ratio influenced the foaming morphology, solid skin‐layer thickness, as well as mechanical properties. It was found that microcellular injection molding could reduce the injection‐shot volume without sacrificing too much mechanical property and, compared with their solid counterparts, the foamed blends could retain mechanical properties better than foamed pure TPUs. Decomposition and degradation behaviors were also studied. The biocompatibility of soft and hard TPU‐foamed samples, which could be potentially used as tissue engineering scaffolds, was confirmed by fibroblast cytotoxicity test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21380; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21380 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/adv.21380 |
| format | Article |
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Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used in many applications because of its broad range of properties. However, synthesis of TPU with desirable properties is time consuming and only produces limited quantities. In this paper, twin‐screw extrusion was used to produce TPU blends of varying soft and hard segments with tunable properties. Foamed samples of TPU blends were produced by microcellular injection molding. Multiple characterization tests were performed to confirm the miscibility and tunability of the blends. It was confirmed that soft and hard TPUs were compatible at ratios of 2:1 and 1:2, but partially miscible at a ratio of 1:1. Rigidity increased while the shape‐recovery rate decreased with increasing the hard TPU content. The blend ratio influenced the foaming morphology, solid skin‐layer thickness, as well as mechanical properties. It was found that microcellular injection molding could reduce the injection‐shot volume without sacrificing too much mechanical property and, compared with their solid counterparts, the foamed blends could retain mechanical properties better than foamed pure TPUs. Decomposition and degradation behaviors were also studied. The biocompatibility of soft and hard TPU‐foamed samples, which could be potentially used as tissue engineering scaffolds, was confirmed by fibroblast cytotoxicity test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21380; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21380</description><identifier>ISSN: 0730-6679</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-2329</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/adv.21380</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Biocompatibility ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blends ; Cellular ; Exact sciences and technology ; Extrusion ; Extrusion molding ; Foaming ; Forms of application and semi-finished materials ; Injection molding ; Mechanical properties ; Medical sciences ; Microcellular injection molding ; Miscibility ; Morphology ; Plastic foam ; Polymer blends ; Polymer industry, paints, wood ; Polyurethane foam ; Polyurethanes ; Scaffolds ; Skin ; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases ; Technology of polymers ; Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments ; Thickness ; Tissue engineering ; Toxicity testing ; Urethane thermoplastic elastomers</subject><ispartof>Advances in polymer technology, 2014-03, Vol.33 (1), p.np-n/a</ispartof><rights>2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4350-c8ccde33eb55b55cc359557cbbf4736bf7e34c19e0617c343a1ae612e50c699e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4350-c8ccde33eb55b55cc359557cbbf4736bf7e34c19e0617c343a1ae612e50c699e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28271193$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mi, Hao-Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jing, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salick, Max R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crone, Wendy C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Xiang-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turng, Lih-Sheng</creatorcontrib><title>Approach to Fabricating Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends and Foams with Tunable Properties by Twin-Screw Extrusion and Microcellular Injection Molding</title><title>Advances in polymer technology</title><addtitle>Adv. Polym. Technol</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used in many applications because of its broad range of properties. However, synthesis of TPU with desirable properties is time consuming and only produces limited quantities. In this paper, twin‐screw extrusion was used to produce TPU blends of varying soft and hard segments with tunable properties. Foamed samples of TPU blends were produced by microcellular injection molding. Multiple characterization tests were performed to confirm the miscibility and tunability of the blends. It was confirmed that soft and hard TPUs were compatible at ratios of 2:1 and 1:2, but partially miscible at a ratio of 1:1. Rigidity increased while the shape‐recovery rate decreased with increasing the hard TPU content. The blend ratio influenced the foaming morphology, solid skin‐layer thickness, as well as mechanical properties. It was found that microcellular injection molding could reduce the injection‐shot volume without sacrificing too much mechanical property and, compared with their solid counterparts, the foamed blends could retain mechanical properties better than foamed pure TPUs. Decomposition and degradation behaviors were also studied. The biocompatibility of soft and hard TPU‐foamed samples, which could be potentially used as tissue engineering scaffolds, was confirmed by fibroblast cytotoxicity test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21380; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21380</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blends</subject><subject>Cellular</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Extrusion</subject><subject>Extrusion molding</subject><subject>Foaming</subject><subject>Forms of application and semi-finished materials</subject><subject>Injection molding</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microcellular injection molding</subject><subject>Miscibility</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Plastic foam</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Polymer industry, paints, wood</subject><subject>Polyurethane foam</subject><subject>Polyurethanes</subject><subject>Scaffolds</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases</subject><subject>Technology of polymers</subject><subject>Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments</subject><subject>Thickness</subject><subject>Tissue engineering</subject><subject>Toxicity testing</subject><subject>Urethane thermoplastic elastomers</subject><issn>0730-6679</issn><issn>1098-2329</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kd9u0zAUxiPEJMrGBW9gCSHBRTY7ju34spR1TNrGJMLgznKcU-rixpnt0PVJeF3SduwCCcnSufDv-86fL8teE3xKMC7OdPvrtCC0ws-yCcGyygtayOfZBAuKc86FfJG9jHGFMSElp5Ps97Tvg9dmiZJHc90Ea3Sy3Q9ULyGsfe90TNagW--2Q4C01B2gDw66NiLdtWju9TqijU1LVA-dbhyg2-B7CMlCRM0W1Rvb5V9MgA06f0hhiNZ3e-W1NcEbcG5wOqDLbgUm7f6uvWvH_ifZ0UK7CK8e63H2dX5ezz7lV58vLmfTq9yUlOHcVMa0QCk0jI3PGMokY8I0zaIUlDcLAbQ0RALmRBhaUk00cFIAw4ZLCfQ4e3fwHa9wP0BMam3jbqxxUT9ERRiTnLGyKEf0zT_oyg-hG6dTRFYlr6iQdKTeH6hxvRgDLFQf7FqHrSJY7SJSY0RqH9HIvn101NFotwi6MzY-CYqqEITsPc8O3MY62P7fUE0_3v11zg8KGxM8PCl0-Km4oIKpbzcX6mY2v6tpVavv9A8nG7En</recordid><startdate>20140301</startdate><enddate>20140301</enddate><creator>Mi, Hao-Yang</creator><creator>Jing, Xin</creator><creator>Salick, Max R.</creator><creator>Crone, Wendy C.</creator><creator>Peng, Xiang-Fang</creator><creator>Turng, Lih-Sheng</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140301</creationdate><title>Approach to Fabricating Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends and Foams with Tunable Properties by Twin-Screw Extrusion and Microcellular Injection Molding</title><author>Mi, Hao-Yang ; Jing, Xin ; Salick, Max R. ; Crone, Wendy C. ; Peng, Xiang-Fang ; Turng, Lih-Sheng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4350-c8ccde33eb55b55cc359557cbbf4736bf7e34c19e0617c343a1ae612e50c699e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blends</topic><topic>Cellular</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Extrusion</topic><topic>Extrusion molding</topic><topic>Foaming</topic><topic>Forms of application and semi-finished materials</topic><topic>Injection molding</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microcellular injection molding</topic><topic>Miscibility</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Plastic foam</topic><topic>Polymer blends</topic><topic>Polymer industry, paints, wood</topic><topic>Polyurethane foam</topic><topic>Polyurethanes</topic><topic>Scaffolds</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases</topic><topic>Technology of polymers</topic><topic>Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments</topic><topic>Thickness</topic><topic>Tissue engineering</topic><topic>Toxicity testing</topic><topic>Urethane thermoplastic elastomers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mi, Hao-Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jing, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salick, Max R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crone, Wendy C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peng, Xiang-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turng, Lih-Sheng</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Advances in polymer technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mi, Hao-Yang</au><au>Jing, Xin</au><au>Salick, Max R.</au><au>Crone, Wendy C.</au><au>Peng, Xiang-Fang</au><au>Turng, Lih-Sheng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Approach to Fabricating Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends and Foams with Tunable Properties by Twin-Screw Extrusion and Microcellular Injection Molding</atitle><jtitle>Advances in polymer technology</jtitle><addtitle>Adv. Polym. Technol</addtitle><date>2014-03-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>np</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>np-n/a</pages><issn>0730-6679</issn><eissn>1098-2329</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used in many applications because of its broad range of properties. However, synthesis of TPU with desirable properties is time consuming and only produces limited quantities. In this paper, twin‐screw extrusion was used to produce TPU blends of varying soft and hard segments with tunable properties. Foamed samples of TPU blends were produced by microcellular injection molding. Multiple characterization tests were performed to confirm the miscibility and tunability of the blends. It was confirmed that soft and hard TPUs were compatible at ratios of 2:1 and 1:2, but partially miscible at a ratio of 1:1. Rigidity increased while the shape‐recovery rate decreased with increasing the hard TPU content. The blend ratio influenced the foaming morphology, solid skin‐layer thickness, as well as mechanical properties. It was found that microcellular injection molding could reduce the injection‐shot volume without sacrificing too much mechanical property and, compared with their solid counterparts, the foamed blends could retain mechanical properties better than foamed pure TPUs. Decomposition and degradation behaviors were also studied. The biocompatibility of soft and hard TPU‐foamed samples, which could be potentially used as tissue engineering scaffolds, was confirmed by fibroblast cytotoxicity test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21380; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21380</abstract><cop>Hoboken, NJ</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/adv.21380</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Applied sciences Biocompatibility Biological and medical sciences Blends Cellular Exact sciences and technology Extrusion Extrusion molding Foaming Forms of application and semi-finished materials Injection molding Mechanical properties Medical sciences Microcellular injection molding Miscibility Morphology Plastic foam Polymer blends Polymer industry, paints, wood Polyurethane foam Polyurethanes Scaffolds Skin Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases Technology of polymers Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments Thickness Tissue engineering Toxicity testing Urethane thermoplastic elastomers |
| title | Approach to Fabricating Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends and Foams with Tunable Properties by Twin-Screw Extrusion and Microcellular Injection Molding |
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