Fish gill ionic transport: methods and models

It is not the aim of the present review to carefully re-examine the data which have been discussed in these reviews. Instead, it is proposed to examine some recent techniques which have been employed to attempt to more carefully delineate the mechanisms of fish branchial ionic transport. In the process it is intended to describe what, and what not, these techniques can tell us about this system as well as what is known about the various ionic transport mechanisms, and where research should be heading. Since many of the techniques have been developed in the past 20 years to avoid some of the problems of in vivo studies, it is appropriate to begin with a description of whole animal kinetic and electrochemical studies.