The p400/Brd8 Chromatin Remodeling Complex Promotes Adipogenesis by Incorporating Histone Variant H2A.Z at PPARγ Target Genes

Adipogenesis, the biological process by which preadipocytes differentiate into mature fat cells, is coordinated by a tightly regulated gene expression program. Indeed, it has been reported that a large number of genetic events, from fat cell-specific transcription factors expression, such as the master regulator of fat cell differentiation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 to epigenetic modifications, govern the acquisition of a mature adipocyte phenotype. Here, we provide evidence that the E1A-binding protein p400 (p400) complex subunit bromo-containing protein 8 (Brd8) plays an important role in the regulation of PPARγ target genes during adipogenesis by targeting and incorporating the histone variant H2A.Z in transcriptional regulatory regions. The results reported here indicate that expression of both Brd8 and p400 increases during fat cell differentiation. In addition, small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Brd8 or H2A.Z completely abrogated the ability of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to differentiate into mature adipocyte, as evidenced by a lack of lipid accumulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments also revealed that the knockdown of Brd8 blocked the accumulation of PPARγ, p400, and RNA polymerase II and prevented the incorporation of H2A.Z at two PPARγ target genes. Taken together, these results indicate that the incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z at the promoter regions of PPARγ target genes by p400/Brd8 is essential to allow fat cell differentiation.