High yield of reinfections by home-based automatic rescreening of Chlamydia positives in a large-scale register-based screening programme and determinants of repeat infections

Introduction In a systematic internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation Programme in The Netherlands, all chlamydia-positive participants automatically received a testkit after 6 months to facilitate early detection of repeat infections. The authors describe participation in repeat testing an...

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Veröffentlicht in:Sexually transmitted infections 2013-02, Vol.89 (1), p.63-69
Hauptverfasser: Götz, Hannelore M, van den Broek, Ingrid V F, Hoebe, Christian J P A, Brouwers, Elfi E H G, Pars, Lydia L, Fennema, Johan S A, Koekenbier, Rik H, van Ravesteijn, Sander, Op de Coul, Eline L M, van Bergen, Jan
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container_start_page 63
container_title Sexually transmitted infections
container_volume 89
creator Götz, Hannelore M
van den Broek, Ingrid V F
Hoebe, Christian J P A
Brouwers, Elfi E H G
Pars, Lydia L
Fennema, Johan S A
Koekenbier, Rik H
van Ravesteijn, Sander
Op de Coul, Eline L M
van Bergen, Jan
description Introduction In a systematic internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation Programme in The Netherlands, all chlamydia-positive participants automatically received a testkit after 6 months to facilitate early detection of repeat infections. The authors describe participation in repeat testing and prevalence and determinants of repeat infection during three consecutive annual screening rounds. Methods Data collection included information on testkits sent, samples received and results of laboratory tests at time of baseline test and retest; (sexual) behavioural variables and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Chlamydia positives were requested to answer additional questions about treatment and partner notification 10 days after checking their results. Results Retest rate was 66.3% (2777/4191). Retest chlamydia positivity was 8.8% (242/2756) compared with a chlamydia positivity at first screening test of 4.1%. Chlamydia positivity was significantly higher in younger age groups (14.6% in 16–19 years, 8.5% and 5.5% in 20–24 and 25–29 years; p
doi_str_mv 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050455
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The authors describe participation in repeat testing and prevalence and determinants of repeat infection during three consecutive annual screening rounds. Methods Data collection included information on testkits sent, samples received and results of laboratory tests at time of baseline test and retest; (sexual) behavioural variables and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Chlamydia positives were requested to answer additional questions about treatment and partner notification 10 days after checking their results. Results Retest rate was 66.3% (2777/4191). Retest chlamydia positivity was 8.8% (242/2756) compared with a chlamydia positivity at first screening test of 4.1%. Chlamydia positivity was significantly higher in younger age groups (14.6% in 16–19 years, 8.5% and 5.5% in 20–24 and 25–29 years; p&lt;0.01); in participants with lower education (15.2% low, 11.1% medium and 5.1% high; p&lt;0.001) and in Surinamese/Antillean (13.1%), Turkish/Moroccan (12.9%) and Sub-Saharan African participants (18.6%; p&lt;0.01). At baseline, 88.7% infected participants had reportedly been treated and treatment of current partner was 80.1%. Discussion Automated retesting by sending a testkit after 6 months to all chlamydia positives achieved high retest uptake and yielded a positivity rate twice as at baseline and can therefore be recommended as an additional strategy for chlamydia control. The high rate of repeat infections among known risk groups suggests room for improvement in patient case management and in effective risk reduction counselling.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1368-4973</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1472-3263</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1472-3263</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050455</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22728910</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age groups ; automated home-based testing ; Bacteriological Techniques - methods ; Case management ; Chlamydia ; chlamydia infection ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; clinical STI care ; Data collection ; Education ; epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Female ; general practice ; HIV ; Humans ; Infections ; Lymphogranuloma Venereum - diagnosis ; Lymphogranuloma Venereum - epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Screening - methods ; Netherlands - epidemiology ; participation ; Point-of-Care Systems ; positivity ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Regression analysis ; repeat infection ; screening ; Self Administration - methods ; Self report ; Sociodemographics ; surveillance ; syndromic management ; Variables ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Sexually transmitted infections, 2013-02, Vol.89 (1), p.63-69</ispartof><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><rights>Copyright: 2013 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b446t-319e23c957ca845f00d56b741a922cb7419b00feedd02d1094313d1d6457c34e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b446t-319e23c957ca845f00d56b741a922cb7419b00feedd02d1094313d1d6457c34e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://sti.bmj.com/content/89/1/63.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://sti.bmj.com/content/89/1/63.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,314,776,780,3183,23550,27901,27902,77342,77373</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22728910$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Götz, Hannelore M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van den Broek, Ingrid V F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoebe, Christian J P A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brouwers, Elfi E H G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pars, Lydia L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fennema, Johan S A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koekenbier, Rik H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Ravesteijn, Sander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Op de Coul, Eline L M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Bergen, Jan</creatorcontrib><title>High yield of reinfections by home-based automatic rescreening of Chlamydia positives in a large-scale register-based screening programme and determinants of repeat infections</title><title>Sexually transmitted infections</title><addtitle>Sex Transm Infect</addtitle><description>Introduction In a systematic internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation Programme in The Netherlands, all chlamydia-positive participants automatically received a testkit after 6 months to facilitate early detection of repeat infections. The authors describe participation in repeat testing and prevalence and determinants of repeat infection during three consecutive annual screening rounds. Methods Data collection included information on testkits sent, samples received and results of laboratory tests at time of baseline test and retest; (sexual) behavioural variables and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Chlamydia positives were requested to answer additional questions about treatment and partner notification 10 days after checking their results. Results Retest rate was 66.3% (2777/4191). Retest chlamydia positivity was 8.8% (242/2756) compared with a chlamydia positivity at first screening test of 4.1%. Chlamydia positivity was significantly higher in younger age groups (14.6% in 16–19 years, 8.5% and 5.5% in 20–24 and 25–29 years; p&lt;0.01); in participants with lower education (15.2% low, 11.1% medium and 5.1% high; p&lt;0.001) and in Surinamese/Antillean (13.1%), Turkish/Moroccan (12.9%) and Sub-Saharan African participants (18.6%; p&lt;0.01). At baseline, 88.7% infected participants had reportedly been treated and treatment of current partner was 80.1%. Discussion Automated retesting by sending a testkit after 6 months to all chlamydia positives achieved high retest uptake and yielded a positivity rate twice as at baseline and can therefore be recommended as an additional strategy for chlamydia control. 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The authors describe participation in repeat testing and prevalence and determinants of repeat infection during three consecutive annual screening rounds. Methods Data collection included information on testkits sent, samples received and results of laboratory tests at time of baseline test and retest; (sexual) behavioural variables and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Chlamydia positives were requested to answer additional questions about treatment and partner notification 10 days after checking their results. Results Retest rate was 66.3% (2777/4191). Retest chlamydia positivity was 8.8% (242/2756) compared with a chlamydia positivity at first screening test of 4.1%. Chlamydia positivity was significantly higher in younger age groups (14.6% in 16–19 years, 8.5% and 5.5% in 20–24 and 25–29 years; p&lt;0.01); in participants with lower education (15.2% low, 11.1% medium and 5.1% high; p&lt;0.001) and in Surinamese/Antillean (13.1%), Turkish/Moroccan (12.9%) and Sub-Saharan African participants (18.6%; p&lt;0.01). At baseline, 88.7% infected participants had reportedly been treated and treatment of current partner was 80.1%. Discussion Automated retesting by sending a testkit after 6 months to all chlamydia positives achieved high retest uptake and yielded a positivity rate twice as at baseline and can therefore be recommended as an additional strategy for chlamydia control. The high rate of repeat infections among known risk groups suggests room for improvement in patient case management and in effective risk reduction counselling.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>22728910</pmid><doi>10.1136/sextrans-2011-050455</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
Age groups
automated home-based testing
Bacteriological Techniques - methods
Case management
Chlamydia
chlamydia infection
Chlamydia trachomatis
clinical STI care
Data collection
Education
epidemiology
Ethnicity
Female
general practice
HIV
Humans
Infections
Lymphogranuloma Venereum - diagnosis
Lymphogranuloma Venereum - epidemiology
Male
Mass Screening - methods
Netherlands - epidemiology
participation
Point-of-Care Systems
positivity
Prevalence
Questionnaires
Recurrence
Regression analysis
repeat infection
screening
Self Administration - methods
Self report
Sociodemographics
surveillance
syndromic management
Variables
Young Adult
title High yield of reinfections by home-based automatic rescreening of Chlamydia positives in a large-scale register-based screening programme and determinants of repeat infections
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