GUN4 protein plays a regulatory role in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and chloroplast‐to‐nucleus signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 (GUN4) protein is found only in aerobic photosynthetic organisms. We investigated the role of GUN4 in metabolic activities of the Mg branch of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway and the plastid signal‐mediated changes of nuclear gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 2014-07, Vol.79 (2), p.285-298
Hauptverfasser: Brzezowski, Pawel, Schlicke, Hagen, Richter, Andreas, Dent, Rachel M, Niyogi, Krishna K, Grimm, Bernhard
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container_title The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
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creator Brzezowski, Pawel
Schlicke, Hagen
Richter, Andreas
Dent, Rachel M
Niyogi, Krishna K
Grimm, Bernhard
description The GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 (GUN4) protein is found only in aerobic photosynthetic organisms. We investigated the role of GUN4 in metabolic activities of the Mg branch of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway and the plastid signal‐mediated changes of nuclear gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In light, gun4 accumulates only 40% of the wild‐type chlorophyll level. Light‐ or dark‐grown gun4 mutant accumulates high levels of protoporphyrin IX (Proto), and displays increased sensitivity to moderate light intensities. Despite the photooxidative stress, gun4 fails to downregulate mRNA levels of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and the photosynthesis‐associated nuclear genes (PhANGs). In contrast, upon illumination, the Proto‐accumulating and light‐sensitive chlD–1 mutant displays the expected downregulation of the same nuclear genes. Although chlD–1 and the wild type have similar GUN4 transcript levels, the GUN4 protein in chlD–1 is hardly detectable. Overexpression of GUN4 in chlD–1 modifies the downregulation of nuclear gene expression, but also increases light tolerance. Therefore, GUN4 is proposed to function in ‘shielding’ Proto, and most likely MgProto, by reducing reactivity with O₂. Furthermore, GUN4 seems to be involved in sensing elevated levels of these photoreactive tetrapyrrole intermediates, and contributing to ¹O₂‐mediated retrograde signalling, originating from chlorophyll biosynthesis.
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subjects autotrophs
Biosynthesis
Botany
Cell Nucleus - metabolism
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - metabolism
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts - metabolism
Gene expression
gene expression regulation
genes
Genomics
GUN4
light intensity
lighting
magnesium
messenger RNA
Mg chelatase
mutants
oxygen
Proteins
Protoporphyrins - metabolism
protoporphyrin IX
retrograde signalling
Signal Transduction - physiology
singlet oxygen
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway
Tetrapyrroles - biosynthesis
title GUN4 protein plays a regulatory role in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and chloroplast‐to‐nucleus signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
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