Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects
Background: A deficit in empathy is discussed to underlie difficulties in social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD). To date, no study has compared children with ASD and different subtypes of CD to describe disorder‐specific empathy profiles in cli...
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| container_title | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry |
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| creator | Schwenck, Christina Mergenthaler, Julia Keller, Katharina Zech, Julie Salehi, Sarah Taurines, Regina Romanos, Marcel Schecklmann, Martin Schneider, Wolfgang Warnke, Andreas Freitag, Christine M. |
| description | Background: A deficit in empathy is discussed to underlie difficulties in social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD). To date, no study has compared children with ASD and different subtypes of CD to describe disorder‐specific empathy profiles in clinical samples. Furthermore, little is known about age influences on the development of empathic skills. The aim of the current study was to compare cognitive and emotional empathy in different age groups of children with ASD, CD with elevated or low callous‐unemotional‐traits (CU+ vs. CU−) and a matched control group (CG).
Methods: Fifty‐five boys with ASD, 36 boys with CD‐CU+, 34 boys with CD‐CU− and 67 controls were included. The study implemented three tasks on emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional affection induced by another person’s situation. Multivariate Analysis of variance with the factors group and age (median split) including their interaction term was performed to describe disorder‐specific profiles.
Results: Empathy profiles showed differential impairment in children with ASD and CD‐CU+. Boys with ASD were impaired in cognitive empathy while participants with CD‐CU+ were impaired in emotional empathy. Children with CD‐CU− did not differ from the CG. However, boys with CD‐CU− were less emotionally reactive in response to film stimuli than children with ASD. Furthermore, we found strong age effects indicating an increase in cognitive and affective empathic skills beyond early infancy in all groups.
Conclusions: In this study, distinct empathic profiles in children with ASD and CD‐CU+ were found. Furthermore, the work demonstrates improvement of empathic skills throughout childhood and adolescence, which is comparable for individuals with psychiatric disorders and control children. These results yield implications for further research as well as for therapeutic interventions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x |
| format | Article |
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Methods: Fifty‐five boys with ASD, 36 boys with CD‐CU+, 34 boys with CD‐CU− and 67 controls were included. The study implemented three tasks on emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional affection induced by another person’s situation. Multivariate Analysis of variance with the factors group and age (median split) including their interaction term was performed to describe disorder‐specific profiles.
Results: Empathy profiles showed differential impairment in children with ASD and CD‐CU+. Boys with ASD were impaired in cognitive empathy while participants with CD‐CU+ were impaired in emotional empathy. Children with CD‐CU− did not differ from the CG. However, boys with CD‐CU− were less emotionally reactive in response to film stimuli than children with ASD. Furthermore, we found strong age effects indicating an increase in cognitive and affective empathic skills beyond early infancy in all groups.
Conclusions: In this study, distinct empathic profiles in children with ASD and CD‐CU+ were found. Furthermore, the work demonstrates improvement of empathic skills throughout childhood and adolescence, which is comparable for individuals with psychiatric disorders and control children. These results yield implications for further research as well as for therapeutic interventions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7610</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22118246</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPPDAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Affective Behavior ; Age Differences ; Autism ; autism spectrum disorder ; Autism Spectrum Disorders ; Autistic children ; Autistic spectrum disorders ; Behavior Disorders ; Biological and medical sciences ; Boys ; callous-unemotional traits ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child clinical studies ; Child Development ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; Cognition ; Comparative Analysis ; conduct disorder ; Conduct Disorder - psychology ; Conduct disordered children ; Control Groups ; development ; Developmental disorders ; Developmental Stages ; Emotional Development ; Emotional Response ; Emotions ; Empathy ; Germany ; Humans ; Infantile autism ; Interaction ; Interpersonal Relationship ; Male ; Males ; Medical sciences ; Mental Disorders ; Multivariate Analysis ; Perspective Taking ; Pervasive Developmental Disorders ; Profiles ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Statistical Analysis</subject><ispartof>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 2012-06, Vol.53 (6), p.651-659</ispartof><rights>2011 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry © 2011 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry © 2011 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5209-d3fb0a8248aa2b77430aa440d4f47274c6131bb082b4992773752d6fe58496f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5209-d3fb0a8248aa2b77430aa440d4f47274c6131bb082b4992773752d6fe58496f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2011.02499.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2011.02499.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,30978,30979,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ966031$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25928072$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22118246$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schwenck, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mergenthaler, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keller, Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zech, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taurines, Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romanos, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schecklmann, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warnke, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitag, Christine M.</creatorcontrib><title>Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects</title><title>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background: A deficit in empathy is discussed to underlie difficulties in social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD). To date, no study has compared children with ASD and different subtypes of CD to describe disorder‐specific empathy profiles in clinical samples. Furthermore, little is known about age influences on the development of empathic skills. The aim of the current study was to compare cognitive and emotional empathy in different age groups of children with ASD, CD with elevated or low callous‐unemotional‐traits (CU+ vs. CU−) and a matched control group (CG).
Methods: Fifty‐five boys with ASD, 36 boys with CD‐CU+, 34 boys with CD‐CU− and 67 controls were included. The study implemented three tasks on emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional affection induced by another person’s situation. Multivariate Analysis of variance with the factors group and age (median split) including their interaction term was performed to describe disorder‐specific profiles.
Results: Empathy profiles showed differential impairment in children with ASD and CD‐CU+. Boys with ASD were impaired in cognitive empathy while participants with CD‐CU+ were impaired in emotional empathy. Children with CD‐CU− did not differ from the CG. However, boys with CD‐CU− were less emotionally reactive in response to film stimuli than children with ASD. Furthermore, we found strong age effects indicating an increase in cognitive and affective empathic skills beyond early infancy in all groups.
Conclusions: In this study, distinct empathic profiles in children with ASD and CD‐CU+ were found. Furthermore, the work demonstrates improvement of empathic skills throughout childhood and adolescence, which is comparable for individuals with psychiatric disorders and control children. These results yield implications for further research as well as for therapeutic interventions.</description><subject>Affective Behavior</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>autism spectrum disorder</subject><subject>Autism Spectrum Disorders</subject><subject>Autistic children</subject><subject>Autistic spectrum disorders</subject><subject>Behavior Disorders</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Boys</subject><subject>callous-unemotional traits</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child clinical studies</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - psychology</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Comparative Analysis</subject><subject>conduct disorder</subject><subject>Conduct Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Conduct disordered children</subject><subject>Control Groups</subject><subject>development</subject><subject>Developmental disorders</subject><subject>Developmental Stages</subject><subject>Emotional Development</subject><subject>Emotional Response</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Empathy</subject><subject>Germany</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infantile autism</subject><subject>Interaction</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relationship</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Perspective Taking</subject><subject>Pervasive Developmental Disorders</subject><subject>Profiles</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Statistical Analysis</subject><issn>0021-9630</issn><issn>1469-7610</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUuP0zAUhSMEYsrAP0DIEkJik3L9iOOwGAmVMsNQQRcjwc5ybGfqkhd2wrT_HmdaisQGvLHl8_n4XJ0kQRjmOK432zlmvEhzHi8IYDwHwopivnuQzE7Cw2QGQHBacApnyZMQtgDAaSYeJ2eEYCwI47Pkdtn0atjskWuR3rjaeNuiOzdskBoHFxqkWoN015pRD8i40Hlj_Vt067uxT0NvtaucRr3vKlfbcE8b-9PWXd_YdlA1UhM0hKfJo0rVwT477ufJzYflzeIqXX25_Lh4t0p1RqBIDa1KUDGaUIqUec4oKMUYGFaxnORMc0xxWYIgZRyY5DnNM2J4ZTPBCl7R8-T1wTYm-jHaMMjGBW3rWrW2G4PEWQaF4ByLf6NAiGACIIvoy7_QbTf6Ns4RKUwLDJkgkRIHSvsuBG8r2XvXKL-PkJxqk1s5tSOnduRUm7yvTe7i0xfHD8ayseb08HdPEXh1BFTQqq68arULf7isIALyKcPzA2e90yd5eV1wDhRH-eIg38W29v-dT14v1uvpGA3Sg4ELg92dDJT_LvnUhfz6-VKuFyv4dvXpvWT0F4-cykw</recordid><startdate>201206</startdate><enddate>201206</enddate><creator>Schwenck, Christina</creator><creator>Mergenthaler, Julia</creator><creator>Keller, Katharina</creator><creator>Zech, Julie</creator><creator>Salehi, Sarah</creator><creator>Taurines, Regina</creator><creator>Romanos, Marcel</creator><creator>Schecklmann, Martin</creator><creator>Schneider, Wolfgang</creator><creator>Warnke, Andreas</creator><creator>Freitag, Christine M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley-Blackwell</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201206</creationdate><title>Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects</title><author>Schwenck, Christina ; Mergenthaler, Julia ; Keller, Katharina ; Zech, Julie ; Salehi, Sarah ; Taurines, Regina ; Romanos, Marcel ; Schecklmann, Martin ; Schneider, Wolfgang ; Warnke, Andreas ; Freitag, Christine M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5209-d3fb0a8248aa2b77430aa440d4f47274c6131bb082b4992773752d6fe58496f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Affective Behavior</topic><topic>Age Differences</topic><topic>Autism</topic><topic>autism spectrum disorder</topic><topic>Autism Spectrum Disorders</topic><topic>Autistic children</topic><topic>Autistic spectrum disorders</topic><topic>Behavior Disorders</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Boys</topic><topic>callous-unemotional traits</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child clinical studies</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - psychology</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Cognition</topic><topic>Comparative Analysis</topic><topic>conduct disorder</topic><topic>Conduct Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Conduct disordered children</topic><topic>Control Groups</topic><topic>development</topic><topic>Developmental disorders</topic><topic>Developmental Stages</topic><topic>Emotional Development</topic><topic>Emotional Response</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>Empathy</topic><topic>Germany</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infantile autism</topic><topic>Interaction</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relationship</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Perspective Taking</topic><topic>Pervasive Developmental Disorders</topic><topic>Profiles</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Statistical Analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schwenck, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mergenthaler, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keller, Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zech, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehi, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taurines, Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romanos, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schecklmann, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warnke, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitag, Christine M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schwenck, Christina</au><au>Mergenthaler, Julia</au><au>Keller, Katharina</au><au>Zech, Julie</au><au>Salehi, Sarah</au><au>Taurines, Regina</au><au>Romanos, Marcel</au><au>Schecklmann, Martin</au><au>Schneider, Wolfgang</au><au>Warnke, Andreas</au><au>Freitag, Christine M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ966031</ericid><atitle>Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects</atitle><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2012-06</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>651</spage><epage>659</epage><pages>651-659</pages><issn>0021-9630</issn><eissn>1469-7610</eissn><coden>JPPDAI</coden><abstract>Background: A deficit in empathy is discussed to underlie difficulties in social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD). To date, no study has compared children with ASD and different subtypes of CD to describe disorder‐specific empathy profiles in clinical samples. Furthermore, little is known about age influences on the development of empathic skills. The aim of the current study was to compare cognitive and emotional empathy in different age groups of children with ASD, CD with elevated or low callous‐unemotional‐traits (CU+ vs. CU−) and a matched control group (CG).
Methods: Fifty‐five boys with ASD, 36 boys with CD‐CU+, 34 boys with CD‐CU− and 67 controls were included. The study implemented three tasks on emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional affection induced by another person’s situation. Multivariate Analysis of variance with the factors group and age (median split) including their interaction term was performed to describe disorder‐specific profiles.
Results: Empathy profiles showed differential impairment in children with ASD and CD‐CU+. Boys with ASD were impaired in cognitive empathy while participants with CD‐CU+ were impaired in emotional empathy. Children with CD‐CU− did not differ from the CG. However, boys with CD‐CU− were less emotionally reactive in response to film stimuli than children with ASD. Furthermore, we found strong age effects indicating an increase in cognitive and affective empathic skills beyond early infancy in all groups.
Conclusions: In this study, distinct empathic profiles in children with ASD and CD‐CU+ were found. Furthermore, the work demonstrates improvement of empathic skills throughout childhood and adolescence, which is comparable for individuals with psychiatric disorders and control children. These results yield implications for further research as well as for therapeutic interventions.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22118246</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Affective Behavior Age Differences Autism autism spectrum disorder Autism Spectrum Disorders Autistic children Autistic spectrum disorders Behavior Disorders Biological and medical sciences Boys callous-unemotional traits Case-Control Studies Child Child clinical studies Child Development Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - psychology Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Cognition Comparative Analysis conduct disorder Conduct Disorder - psychology Conduct disordered children Control Groups development Developmental disorders Developmental Stages Emotional Development Emotional Response Emotions Empathy Germany Humans Infantile autism Interaction Interpersonal Relationship Male Males Medical sciences Mental Disorders Multivariate Analysis Perspective Taking Pervasive Developmental Disorders Profiles Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Statistical Analysis |
| title | Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects |
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