Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections
Summary Objectives To determine the prevalence of smoking and alcohol abuse among patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in order to promote prevention strategies. Methods We prospectively studied all culture-proven IPD cases in patients aged ≥18 years during the period 1997–2011. The hab...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of infectious diseases 2014-08, Vol.25, p.59-64 |
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| creator | Grau, Imma Ardanuy, Carmen Calatayud, Laura Schulze, Marco H Liñares, Josefina Pallares, Roman |
| description | Summary Objectives To determine the prevalence of smoking and alcohol abuse among patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in order to promote prevention strategies. Methods We prospectively studied all culture-proven IPD cases in patients aged ≥18 years during the period 1997–2011. The habits of smoking and alcohol abuse were evaluated. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed. Results There were 1378 IPD cases, with a mean age of 61 ± 17 years; 65% were males. Compared to the general population aged 18–64 years, patients with IPD of the same age group were more often current smokers (57% vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Among patients with IPD, young adults (aged 18–49 vs. 50–64 vs. ≥65 years) were more commonly current smokers (71% vs. 40% vs.14%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (23% vs. 18% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Males were more frequently smokers and alcohol abusers than females. Smokers and alcohol abusers more often had underlying diseases such as HIV infection and chronic liver disease. Pneumonia was more common in smokers and peritonitis in alcohol abusers. Alcohol abuse conferred higher mortality. Certain pneumococcal serotypes, such as serotypes 1, 8, and 23F, more frequently caused IPD in smokers, and serotypes 4, 11A, and 19F in alcohol abusers. Conclusions Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for IPD. Implementing smoking and alcohol abuse cessation programs and a pneumococcal vaccination schedule are essential to diminish the burden of pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.013 |
| format | Article |
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Methods We prospectively studied all culture-proven IPD cases in patients aged ≥18 years during the period 1997–2011. The habits of smoking and alcohol abuse were evaluated. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed. Results There were 1378 IPD cases, with a mean age of 61 ± 17 years; 65% were males. Compared to the general population aged 18–64 years, patients with IPD of the same age group were more often current smokers (57% vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Among patients with IPD, young adults (aged 18–49 vs. 50–64 vs. ≥65 years) were more commonly current smokers (71% vs. 40% vs.14%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (23% vs. 18% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Males were more frequently smokers and alcohol abusers than females. Smokers and alcohol abusers more often had underlying diseases such as HIV infection and chronic liver disease. Pneumonia was more common in smokers and peritonitis in alcohol abusers. Alcohol abuse conferred higher mortality. Certain pneumococcal serotypes, such as serotypes 1, 8, and 23F, more frequently caused IPD in smokers, and serotypes 4, 11A, and 19F in alcohol abusers. Conclusions Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for IPD. Implementing smoking and alcohol abuse cessation programs and a pneumococcal vaccination schedule are essential to diminish the burden of pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1201-9712</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-3511</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.013</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24853638</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol ; Alcoholism - complications ; Alcoholism - epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Odds Ratio ; Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections - etiology ; Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - etiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - prevention & control ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary/Respiratory ; Risk Factors ; Serogroup ; Serotypes ; Smoking ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Spain - epidemiology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae - classification ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of infectious diseases, 2014-08, Vol.25, p.59-64</ispartof><rights>The Authors</rights><rights>2014 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-f1bea69a876d6da1d573872ce34d915b31ce629d4174b11c46fd0aeacccac9533</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-f1bea69a876d6da1d573872ce34d915b31ce629d4174b11c46fd0aeacccac9533</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.013$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24853638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Grau, Imma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardanuy, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calatayud, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schulze, Marco H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liñares, Josefina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pallares, Roman</creatorcontrib><title>Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections</title><title>International journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Int J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Summary Objectives To determine the prevalence of smoking and alcohol abuse among patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in order to promote prevention strategies. Methods We prospectively studied all culture-proven IPD cases in patients aged ≥18 years during the period 1997–2011. The habits of smoking and alcohol abuse were evaluated. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed. Results There were 1378 IPD cases, with a mean age of 61 ± 17 years; 65% were males. Compared to the general population aged 18–64 years, patients with IPD of the same age group were more often current smokers (57% vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Among patients with IPD, young adults (aged 18–49 vs. 50–64 vs. ≥65 years) were more commonly current smokers (71% vs. 40% vs.14%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (23% vs. 18% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Males were more frequently smokers and alcohol abusers than females. Smokers and alcohol abusers more often had underlying diseases such as HIV infection and chronic liver disease. Pneumonia was more common in smokers and peritonitis in alcohol abusers. Alcohol abuse conferred higher mortality. Certain pneumococcal serotypes, such as serotypes 1, 8, and 23F, more frequently caused IPD in smokers, and serotypes 4, 11A, and 19F in alcohol abusers. Conclusions Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for IPD. Implementing smoking and alcohol abuse cessation programs and a pneumococcal vaccination schedule are essential to diminish the burden of pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcoholism - complications</subject><subject>Alcoholism - epidemiology</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pneumococcal Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - etiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - prevention & control</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Pulmonary/Respiratory</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Serogroup</subject><subject>Serotypes</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae - classification</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1201-9712</issn><issn>1878-3511</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhS1ERUvhBVggL9kk5NqOk0gICVX8SZVYtKwtx76hziT2YCej9u1xmIFFF11dyz7nXPk7hLyBqoQK5PuxdKOzJauAl8DKPJ6RC2ibtuA1wPN8zk9F1wA7Jy9TGquqElK2L8g5E23NJW8vyP3NHHbO_6LaW6onE-7CRHW_JqQ6Il3ukM4hLXQf8YB-0f2ENLq0o4M2S4iJDiFS5w86uQPSvcd1Dt7pv3Ehu-PpzgRj9JSVA5rFBZ9ekbNBTwlfn-Yl-fnl8-3Vt-L6x9fvV5-uCyPqeikG6FHLTreNtNJqsHXD24YZ5MJ2UPccDErWWQGN6AGMkIOtNGqT15mu5vySvDvm7mP4vWJa1OySwWnSHsOaFNSilVx2ILOUHaUmhpQiDmof3azjg4JKbcTVqDbiaiOugKk8suntKX_tZ7T_Lf8QZ8GHowDzLw8Oo0rGoTdoXcwslA3u6fyPj-xmct5lmDt8wDSGNfrMT4FK2aButs63ykHkulnT8D_-nKmI</recordid><startdate>20140801</startdate><enddate>20140801</enddate><creator>Grau, Imma</creator><creator>Ardanuy, Carmen</creator><creator>Calatayud, Laura</creator><creator>Schulze, Marco H</creator><creator>Liñares, Josefina</creator><creator>Pallares, Roman</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140801</creationdate><title>Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections</title><author>Grau, Imma ; Ardanuy, Carmen ; Calatayud, Laura ; Schulze, Marco H ; Liñares, Josefina ; Pallares, Roman</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-f1bea69a876d6da1d573872ce34d915b31ce629d4174b11c46fd0aeacccac9533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Alcoholism - complications</topic><topic>Alcoholism - epidemiology</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pneumococcal Infections - etiology</topic><topic>Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - etiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - prevention & control</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Pulmonary/Respiratory</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Serogroup</topic><topic>Serotypes</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Spain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae - classification</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Grau, Imma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardanuy, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calatayud, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schulze, Marco H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liñares, Josefina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pallares, Roman</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Grau, Imma</au><au>Ardanuy, Carmen</au><au>Calatayud, Laura</au><au>Schulze, Marco H</au><au>Liñares, Josefina</au><au>Pallares, Roman</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections</atitle><jtitle>International journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2014-08-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>25</volume><spage>59</spage><epage>64</epage><pages>59-64</pages><issn>1201-9712</issn><eissn>1878-3511</eissn><abstract>Summary Objectives To determine the prevalence of smoking and alcohol abuse among patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in order to promote prevention strategies. Methods We prospectively studied all culture-proven IPD cases in patients aged ≥18 years during the period 1997–2011. The habits of smoking and alcohol abuse were evaluated. Pneumococcal serotyping was performed. Results There were 1378 IPD cases, with a mean age of 61 ± 17 years; 65% were males. Compared to the general population aged 18–64 years, patients with IPD of the same age group were more often current smokers (57% vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Among patients with IPD, young adults (aged 18–49 vs. 50–64 vs. ≥65 years) were more commonly current smokers (71% vs. 40% vs.14%, p < 0.001) and alcohol abusers (23% vs. 18% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Males were more frequently smokers and alcohol abusers than females. Smokers and alcohol abusers more often had underlying diseases such as HIV infection and chronic liver disease. Pneumonia was more common in smokers and peritonitis in alcohol abusers. Alcohol abuse conferred higher mortality. Certain pneumococcal serotypes, such as serotypes 1, 8, and 23F, more frequently caused IPD in smokers, and serotypes 4, 11A, and 19F in alcohol abusers. Conclusions Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for IPD. Implementing smoking and alcohol abuse cessation programs and a pneumococcal vaccination schedule are essential to diminish the burden of pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>24853638</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.013</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Alcohol Alcoholism - complications Alcoholism - epidemiology Case-Control Studies Comorbidity Female Humans Infectious Disease Male Middle Aged Mortality Odds Ratio Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology Pneumococcal Infections - etiology Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control Pneumonia Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - epidemiology Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - etiology Pneumonia, Pneumococcal - prevention & control Prevalence Prospective Studies Pulmonary/Respiratory Risk Factors Serogroup Serotypes Smoking Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - epidemiology Spain - epidemiology Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae - classification Young Adult |
| title | Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections |
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