Estimated verbal IQ and the odds of problem gambling: a population-based study
The neurocognitive deficits and other correlates of problem gambling are also observable in individuals with lower cognitive abilities, suggesting that a low IQ may be a determinant of problem gambling. There has been very little research into this possibility. This study aimed to investigate the ch...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological medicine 2014-06, Vol.44 (8), p.1739-1749 |
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| creator | Rai, D. Hall, W. Bebbington, P. Skapinakis, P. Hassiotis, A. Weich, S. Meltzer, H. Moran, P. Brugha, T. Strydom, A. Farrell, M. |
| description | The neurocognitive deficits and other correlates of problem gambling are also observable in individuals with lower cognitive abilities, suggesting that a low IQ may be a determinant of problem gambling. There has been very little research into this possibility. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics associated with problem gambling in a large population-based study in England, with a particular focus on IQ.
The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 comprised detailed interviews with 7403 individuals living in private households in England. Problem gambling was ascertained using a questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Confounders included socio-economic and demographic factors, common mental disorders, impulsivity, smoking, and hazardous drug and alcohol use.
More than two-thirds of the population reported engaging in some form of gambling in the previous year, but problem gambling was rare [prevalence 0.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.0]. The odds of problem gambling doubled with each standard deviation drop in estimated verbal IQ [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4, p = 0.003], after adjusting for other characteristics associated with problem gambling including age, sex, socio-economic factors, drug and alcohol dependence, smoking, impulsivity and common mental disorders. There was no strong relationship observed between IQ and non-problem gambling.
People with lower IQs may be at a higher risk of problem gambling. Further work is required to replicate and study the mechanisms behind these findings, and may aid the understanding of problem gambling and inform preventative measures and interventions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0033291713002195 |
| format | Article |
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The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 comprised detailed interviews with 7403 individuals living in private households in England. Problem gambling was ascertained using a questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Confounders included socio-economic and demographic factors, common mental disorders, impulsivity, smoking, and hazardous drug and alcohol use.
More than two-thirds of the population reported engaging in some form of gambling in the previous year, but problem gambling was rare [prevalence 0.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.0]. The odds of problem gambling doubled with each standard deviation drop in estimated verbal IQ [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4, p = 0.003], after adjusting for other characteristics associated with problem gambling including age, sex, socio-economic factors, drug and alcohol dependence, smoking, impulsivity and common mental disorders. There was no strong relationship observed between IQ and non-problem gambling.
People with lower IQs may be at a higher risk of problem gambling. Further work is required to replicate and study the mechanisms behind these findings, and may aid the understanding of problem gambling and inform preventative measures and interventions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0033291713002195</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24007680</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSMDCO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Addictive behaviors ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Drug dependency ; England ; England - epidemiology ; Female ; Gambling ; Gambling - epidemiology ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence - physiology ; Intelligence quotient ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Miscellaneous ; Original Articles ; Pathological gambling ; Psychiatric disorders ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Risk ; Risk factors ; Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. Delinquency ; Socioeconomic factors</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2014-06, Vol.44 (8), p.1739-1749</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-d811a7b843f0101364a2b3a6491b2b54c274afa0f07911c6339c023c6a5398d83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-d811a7b843f0101364a2b3a6491b2b54c274afa0f07911c6339c023c6a5398d83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033291713002195/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,12825,27901,27902,30976,30977,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28438621$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24007680$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rai, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bebbington, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skapinakis, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassiotis, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weich, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meltzer, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moran, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brugha, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strydom, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrell, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Estimated verbal IQ and the odds of problem gambling: a population-based study</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><description>The neurocognitive deficits and other correlates of problem gambling are also observable in individuals with lower cognitive abilities, suggesting that a low IQ may be a determinant of problem gambling. There has been very little research into this possibility. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics associated with problem gambling in a large population-based study in England, with a particular focus on IQ.
The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 comprised detailed interviews with 7403 individuals living in private households in England. Problem gambling was ascertained using a questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Confounders included socio-economic and demographic factors, common mental disorders, impulsivity, smoking, and hazardous drug and alcohol use.
More than two-thirds of the population reported engaging in some form of gambling in the previous year, but problem gambling was rare [prevalence 0.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.0]. The odds of problem gambling doubled with each standard deviation drop in estimated verbal IQ [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4, p = 0.003], after adjusting for other characteristics associated with problem gambling including age, sex, socio-economic factors, drug and alcohol dependence, smoking, impulsivity and common mental disorders. There was no strong relationship observed between IQ and non-problem gambling.
People with lower IQs may be at a higher risk of problem gambling. Further work is required to replicate and study the mechanisms behind these findings, and may aid the understanding of problem gambling and inform preventative measures and interventions.</description><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Drug dependency</subject><subject>England</subject><subject>England - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gambling</subject><subject>Gambling - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intelligence</subject><subject>Intelligence - physiology</subject><subject>Intelligence quotient</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Original Articles</subject><subject>Pathological gambling</subject><subject>Psychiatric disorders</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. 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Med</addtitle><date>2014-06-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1739</spage><epage>1749</epage><pages>1739-1749</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><coden>PSMDCO</coden><abstract>The neurocognitive deficits and other correlates of problem gambling are also observable in individuals with lower cognitive abilities, suggesting that a low IQ may be a determinant of problem gambling. There has been very little research into this possibility. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics associated with problem gambling in a large population-based study in England, with a particular focus on IQ.
The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 comprised detailed interviews with 7403 individuals living in private households in England. Problem gambling was ascertained using a questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Confounders included socio-economic and demographic factors, common mental disorders, impulsivity, smoking, and hazardous drug and alcohol use.
More than two-thirds of the population reported engaging in some form of gambling in the previous year, but problem gambling was rare [prevalence 0.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.0]. The odds of problem gambling doubled with each standard deviation drop in estimated verbal IQ [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4, p = 0.003], after adjusting for other characteristics associated with problem gambling including age, sex, socio-economic factors, drug and alcohol dependence, smoking, impulsivity and common mental disorders. There was no strong relationship observed between IQ and non-problem gambling.
People with lower IQs may be at a higher risk of problem gambling. Further work is required to replicate and study the mechanisms behind these findings, and may aid the understanding of problem gambling and inform preventative measures and interventions.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>24007680</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0033291713002195</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Addictive behaviors Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Drug dependency England England - epidemiology Female Gambling Gambling - epidemiology Humans Intelligence Intelligence - physiology Intelligence quotient Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Original Articles Pathological gambling Psychiatric disorders Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Risk Risk factors Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. Delinquency Socioeconomic factors |
| title | Estimated verbal IQ and the odds of problem gambling: a population-based study |
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