Role of pepsin and pepsinogen: Linking laryngopharyngeal reflux with otitis media with effusion in children
Objectives/Hypothesis To analyze the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) represented by pepsin and pepsinogen, and pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME). Study Design Prospective case‐control study. Methods Children with OME who required adenoidectomy and tympanostomy/tymp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Laryngoscope 2014-07, Vol.124 (7), p.E294-E300 |
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| container_title | The Laryngoscope |
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| creator | Luo, Hua-Nan Yang, Qi-Mei Sheng, Ying Wang, Zheng-Hui Zhang, Qing Yan, Jing Hou, Jin Zhu, Kang Cheng, Ying Wang, Bo-Tao Xu, Ying-Long Zhang, Xiang-Hong Ren, Xiao-Yong Xu, Min |
| description | Objectives/Hypothesis
To analyze the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) represented by pepsin and pepsinogen, and pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME).
Study Design
Prospective case‐control study.
Methods
Children with OME who required adenoidectomy and tympanostomy/tympanostomy tubes placement were enrolled in OME group, whereas children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) who required adenoidectomy and individuals who required cochlear implantation (CI) were enrolled in AH and CI groups, respectively. Pepsinogen mRNA and protein levels were assessed by real‐time fluorescence‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in adenoid specimens from the OME and AH groups. Pepsin and pepsinogen concentrations were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in middle ear fluid and plasma from the OME and CI groups.
Results
The levels of pepsinogen protein expressed in cytoplasm of epithelial cells and clearance under epithelial cells in adenoid specimens from the OME group were significantly higher than those in the AH group. Furthermore, the concentrations of pepsin and pepsinogen in the OME group were 51.93 ± 11.58 ng/mL and 728 ± 342.6 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the CI group (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/lary.24538 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1539709403</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1539709403</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4658-2016bc423173b3577780cc68f9ceecd0d1c0d0103c04e427c14af292cc18ba7b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1P3DAQhq2qqCyUS39AZakXhBTqzzjpDa34kpYibUG0J8txnF2zXjvEiYB_j5csHHrgNKPxM--M3wHgG0bHGCHy06nu-ZgwTotPYII5xRkrS_4ZTNIjzQpO_u6CvRjvEcKCcvQF7BJGClYyNgGreXAGhga2po3WQ-XrbRoWxv-CM-tX1i_gZoZfhHb5Go1ysDONG57go-2XMPS2txGuTW3VWDFNM0QbPEyaemld3Rn_Few0ykVzsI374Pbs9GZ6kc2uzy-nJ7NMs5wXGUE4rzQjNG1bUS6EKJDWedGU2hhdoxprVCOMqEbMMCI0ZqohJdEaF5USFd0Hh6Nu24WHwcRerm3UxjnlTRiiTBaVApUM0YT--A-9D0Pn03YbqiCsRCJP1NFI6S7EmD4u286ukxMSI7k5gdzYI19PkODvW8mhSoa8o2-eJwCPwKN15vkDKTk7mf97E83GHht78_Teo7qVzAUVXN79PpeCX82nfy6uJKEvGPKhDA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1538249076</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Role of pepsin and pepsinogen: Linking laryngopharyngeal reflux with otitis media with effusion in children</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Luo, Hua-Nan ; Yang, Qi-Mei ; Sheng, Ying ; Wang, Zheng-Hui ; Zhang, Qing ; Yan, Jing ; Hou, Jin ; Zhu, Kang ; Cheng, Ying ; Wang, Bo-Tao ; Xu, Ying-Long ; Zhang, Xiang-Hong ; Ren, Xiao-Yong ; Xu, Min</creator><creatorcontrib>Luo, Hua-Nan ; Yang, Qi-Mei ; Sheng, Ying ; Wang, Zheng-Hui ; Zhang, Qing ; Yan, Jing ; Hou, Jin ; Zhu, Kang ; Cheng, Ying ; Wang, Bo-Tao ; Xu, Ying-Long ; Zhang, Xiang-Hong ; Ren, Xiao-Yong ; Xu, Min</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives/Hypothesis
To analyze the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) represented by pepsin and pepsinogen, and pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME).
Study Design
Prospective case‐control study.
Methods
Children with OME who required adenoidectomy and tympanostomy/tympanostomy tubes placement were enrolled in OME group, whereas children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) who required adenoidectomy and individuals who required cochlear implantation (CI) were enrolled in AH and CI groups, respectively. Pepsinogen mRNA and protein levels were assessed by real‐time fluorescence‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in adenoid specimens from the OME and AH groups. Pepsin and pepsinogen concentrations were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in middle ear fluid and plasma from the OME and CI groups.
Results
The levels of pepsinogen protein expressed in cytoplasm of epithelial cells and clearance under epithelial cells in adenoid specimens from the OME group were significantly higher than those in the AH group. Furthermore, the concentrations of pepsin and pepsinogen in the OME group were 51.93 ± 11.58 ng/mL and 728 ± 342.6 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the CI group (P < .001). In addition, the concentrations of pepsin in dry ears were significantly lower than those in serous and mucus ears in the OME group (F = 22.77, P < .001).Finally, the concentration of pepsinogen in middle ear effusion was positively correlated with the expression intensity of pepsinogen protein in cytoplasm of epithelial cells(r = 0.73, P < .05) in the OME group.
Conclusions
Pepsin and pepsinogen in middle ear effusion are probably caused by LPR and may be involved in the pathogenesis of OME.
Level of Evidence
3b Laryngoscope, 124:E294–E300, 2014</description><identifier>ISSN: 0023-852X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1531-4995</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/lary.24538</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24284944</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adenoids - chemistry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; laryngopharyngeal reflux ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - complications ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - genetics ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - metabolism ; Male ; Otitis media with effusion ; Otitis Media with Effusion - etiology ; Otitis Media with Effusion - genetics ; Otitis Media with Effusion - metabolism ; pepsin ; Pepsin A - biosynthesis ; Pepsin A - genetics ; pepsinogen ; Pepsinogen A - biosynthesis ; Pepsinogen A - genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger - analysis ; RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><ispartof>The Laryngoscope, 2014-07, Vol.124 (7), p.E294-E300</ispartof><rights>2013 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4658-2016bc423173b3577780cc68f9ceecd0d1c0d0103c04e427c14af292cc18ba7b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4658-2016bc423173b3577780cc68f9ceecd0d1c0d0103c04e427c14af292cc18ba7b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Flary.24538$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Flary.24538$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,27929,27930,45579,45580</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284944$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Luo, Hua-Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Qi-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheng, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zheng-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Kang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Bo-Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Ying-Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiang-Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Xiao-Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Min</creatorcontrib><title>Role of pepsin and pepsinogen: Linking laryngopharyngeal reflux with otitis media with effusion in children</title><title>The Laryngoscope</title><addtitle>The Laryngoscope</addtitle><description>Objectives/Hypothesis
To analyze the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) represented by pepsin and pepsinogen, and pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME).
Study Design
Prospective case‐control study.
Methods
Children with OME who required adenoidectomy and tympanostomy/tympanostomy tubes placement were enrolled in OME group, whereas children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) who required adenoidectomy and individuals who required cochlear implantation (CI) were enrolled in AH and CI groups, respectively. Pepsinogen mRNA and protein levels were assessed by real‐time fluorescence‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in adenoid specimens from the OME and AH groups. Pepsin and pepsinogen concentrations were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in middle ear fluid and plasma from the OME and CI groups.
Results
The levels of pepsinogen protein expressed in cytoplasm of epithelial cells and clearance under epithelial cells in adenoid specimens from the OME group were significantly higher than those in the AH group. Furthermore, the concentrations of pepsin and pepsinogen in the OME group were 51.93 ± 11.58 ng/mL and 728 ± 342.6 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the CI group (P < .001). In addition, the concentrations of pepsin in dry ears were significantly lower than those in serous and mucus ears in the OME group (F = 22.77, P < .001).Finally, the concentration of pepsinogen in middle ear effusion was positively correlated with the expression intensity of pepsinogen protein in cytoplasm of epithelial cells(r = 0.73, P < .05) in the OME group.
Conclusions
Pepsin and pepsinogen in middle ear effusion are probably caused by LPR and may be involved in the pathogenesis of OME.
Level of Evidence
3b Laryngoscope, 124:E294–E300, 2014</description><subject>Adenoids - chemistry</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</subject><subject>Esophageal pH Monitoring</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>laryngopharyngeal reflux</subject><subject>Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - complications</subject><subject>Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - genetics</subject><subject>Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Otitis media with effusion</subject><subject>Otitis Media with Effusion - etiology</subject><subject>Otitis Media with Effusion - genetics</subject><subject>Otitis Media with Effusion - metabolism</subject><subject>pepsin</subject><subject>Pepsin A - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Pepsin A - genetics</subject><subject>pepsinogen</subject><subject>Pepsinogen A - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Pepsinogen A - genetics</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - analysis</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><issn>0023-852X</issn><issn>1531-4995</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1P3DAQhq2qqCyUS39AZakXhBTqzzjpDa34kpYibUG0J8txnF2zXjvEiYB_j5csHHrgNKPxM--M3wHgG0bHGCHy06nu-ZgwTotPYII5xRkrS_4ZTNIjzQpO_u6CvRjvEcKCcvQF7BJGClYyNgGreXAGhga2po3WQ-XrbRoWxv-CM-tX1i_gZoZfhHb5Go1ysDONG57go-2XMPS2txGuTW3VWDFNM0QbPEyaemld3Rn_Few0ykVzsI374Pbs9GZ6kc2uzy-nJ7NMs5wXGUE4rzQjNG1bUS6EKJDWedGU2hhdoxprVCOMqEbMMCI0ZqohJdEaF5USFd0Hh6Nu24WHwcRerm3UxjnlTRiiTBaVApUM0YT--A-9D0Pn03YbqiCsRCJP1NFI6S7EmD4u286ukxMSI7k5gdzYI19PkODvW8mhSoa8o2-eJwCPwKN15vkDKTk7mf97E83GHht78_Teo7qVzAUVXN79PpeCX82nfy6uJKEvGPKhDA</recordid><startdate>201407</startdate><enddate>201407</enddate><creator>Luo, Hua-Nan</creator><creator>Yang, Qi-Mei</creator><creator>Sheng, Ying</creator><creator>Wang, Zheng-Hui</creator><creator>Zhang, Qing</creator><creator>Yan, Jing</creator><creator>Hou, Jin</creator><creator>Zhu, Kang</creator><creator>Cheng, Ying</creator><creator>Wang, Bo-Tao</creator><creator>Xu, Ying-Long</creator><creator>Zhang, Xiang-Hong</creator><creator>Ren, Xiao-Yong</creator><creator>Xu, Min</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201407</creationdate><title>Role of pepsin and pepsinogen: Linking laryngopharyngeal reflux with otitis media with effusion in children</title><author>Luo, Hua-Nan ; Yang, Qi-Mei ; Sheng, Ying ; Wang, Zheng-Hui ; Zhang, Qing ; Yan, Jing ; Hou, Jin ; Zhu, Kang ; Cheng, Ying ; Wang, Bo-Tao ; Xu, Ying-Long ; Zhang, Xiang-Hong ; Ren, Xiao-Yong ; Xu, Min</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4658-2016bc423173b3577780cc68f9ceecd0d1c0d0103c04e427c14af292cc18ba7b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adenoids - chemistry</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</topic><topic>Esophageal pH Monitoring</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>laryngopharyngeal reflux</topic><topic>Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - complications</topic><topic>Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - genetics</topic><topic>Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Otitis media with effusion</topic><topic>Otitis Media with Effusion - etiology</topic><topic>Otitis Media with Effusion - genetics</topic><topic>Otitis Media with Effusion - metabolism</topic><topic>pepsin</topic><topic>Pepsin A - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Pepsin A - genetics</topic><topic>pepsinogen</topic><topic>Pepsinogen A - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Pepsinogen A - genetics</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - analysis</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Luo, Hua-Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Qi-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheng, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zheng-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Kang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Bo-Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Ying-Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiang-Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Xiao-Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Min</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Laryngoscope</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Luo, Hua-Nan</au><au>Yang, Qi-Mei</au><au>Sheng, Ying</au><au>Wang, Zheng-Hui</au><au>Zhang, Qing</au><au>Yan, Jing</au><au>Hou, Jin</au><au>Zhu, Kang</au><au>Cheng, Ying</au><au>Wang, Bo-Tao</au><au>Xu, Ying-Long</au><au>Zhang, Xiang-Hong</au><au>Ren, Xiao-Yong</au><au>Xu, Min</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Role of pepsin and pepsinogen: Linking laryngopharyngeal reflux with otitis media with effusion in children</atitle><jtitle>The Laryngoscope</jtitle><addtitle>The Laryngoscope</addtitle><date>2014-07</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>124</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>E294</spage><epage>E300</epage><pages>E294-E300</pages><issn>0023-852X</issn><eissn>1531-4995</eissn><abstract>Objectives/Hypothesis
To analyze the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) represented by pepsin and pepsinogen, and pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME).
Study Design
Prospective case‐control study.
Methods
Children with OME who required adenoidectomy and tympanostomy/tympanostomy tubes placement were enrolled in OME group, whereas children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) who required adenoidectomy and individuals who required cochlear implantation (CI) were enrolled in AH and CI groups, respectively. Pepsinogen mRNA and protein levels were assessed by real‐time fluorescence‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in adenoid specimens from the OME and AH groups. Pepsin and pepsinogen concentrations were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in middle ear fluid and plasma from the OME and CI groups.
Results
The levels of pepsinogen protein expressed in cytoplasm of epithelial cells and clearance under epithelial cells in adenoid specimens from the OME group were significantly higher than those in the AH group. Furthermore, the concentrations of pepsin and pepsinogen in the OME group were 51.93 ± 11.58 ng/mL and 728 ± 342.6 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the CI group (P < .001). In addition, the concentrations of pepsin in dry ears were significantly lower than those in serous and mucus ears in the OME group (F = 22.77, P < .001).Finally, the concentration of pepsinogen in middle ear effusion was positively correlated with the expression intensity of pepsinogen protein in cytoplasm of epithelial cells(r = 0.73, P < .05) in the OME group.
Conclusions
Pepsin and pepsinogen in middle ear effusion are probably caused by LPR and may be involved in the pathogenesis of OME.
Level of Evidence
3b Laryngoscope, 124:E294–E300, 2014</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24284944</pmid><doi>10.1002/lary.24538</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Laryngoscope, 2014-07, Vol.124 (7), p.E294-E300 |
| issn | 0023-852X 1531-4995 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library |
| subjects | Adenoids - chemistry Child Child, Preschool Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Esophageal pH Monitoring Female Follow-Up Studies Gene Expression Regulation Humans Immunohistochemistry laryngopharyngeal reflux Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - complications Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - genetics Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - metabolism Male Otitis media with effusion Otitis Media with Effusion - etiology Otitis Media with Effusion - genetics Otitis Media with Effusion - metabolism pepsin Pepsin A - biosynthesis Pepsin A - genetics pepsinogen Pepsinogen A - biosynthesis Pepsinogen A - genetics Prospective Studies Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger - analysis RNA, Messenger - genetics |
| title | Role of pepsin and pepsinogen: Linking laryngopharyngeal reflux with otitis media with effusion in children |
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