Interleukin-13-Mediated Paneth Cell Degranulation and Antimicrobial Peptide Release
Paneth cell-derived enteric antimicrobial peptides significantly contribute to antibacterial host defense and host-microbial homeostasis. Regulation occurs by enzymatic processing and release into the small intestinal lumen, but the stimuli involved are incompletely understood. Here, the capacity of...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of innate immunity 2014-01, Vol.6 (4), p.530-541 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 541 |
---|---|
container_issue | 4 |
container_start_page | 530 |
container_title | Journal of innate immunity |
container_volume | 6 |
creator | Stockinger, Silvia Albers, Thorben Duerr, Claudia U. Ménard, Sandrine Pütsep, Katrin Andersson, Mats Hornef, Mathias W. |
description | Paneth cell-derived enteric antimicrobial peptides significantly contribute to antibacterial host defense and host-microbial homeostasis. Regulation occurs by enzymatic processing and release into the small intestinal lumen, but the stimuli involved are incompletely understood. Here, the capacity of various microbial and immune stimuli to induce antimicrobial peptide release from small intestinal tissue was systematically evaluated using antibacterial activity testing, immunostaining for Paneth cell granules and mass spectrometry. We confirmed the stimulatory activity of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ligand muramyl dipeptide. In contrast, no release of antibacterial activity was noted after treatment with the Toll-like receptor ligands poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide or CpG, and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-15, IL-22, IL-28 and interferon-γ. Rapid Paneth cell degranulation and antimicrobial activity release, however, was observed after stimulation with the endogenous mediators IL-4 and IL-13. This process required phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and was associated with protein kinase B phosphorylation in Paneth cells. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed expression of the IL-13 receptor α1 on isolated Paneth cells. Our findings identify a novel role of IL-13 as inducer of Paneth cell degranulation and enteric antimicrobial peptide release. IL-13 may thus contribute to mucosal antimicrobial host defense and host microbial homeostasis. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1159/000357644 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_hal_p</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1539469298</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3369063441</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c665t-efb93349f00a9aadd55b99c5a332c211104a4c2706a9c7241d459d968f046afc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFksuP0zAQxiMEYpeFA3eEInGBQ8DvxBekqjx2pSJWPCRu1tSetN6mTrGTRfz3uLQEdi9IlmzN_Obz-PMUxWNKXlIq9StCCJe1EuJOcUqVYlVDWXN3OtNvJ8WDlK4IyYiu7xcnTEippK5Pi88XYcDY4bjxoaK8-oDOw4CuvISAw7qcY9eVb3AVIYwdDL4PJQRXzsLgt97GfumhKy9xN3iH5SfsEBI-LO610CV8dNzPiq_v3n6Zn1eLj-8v5rNFZZWSQ4XtUnMudEsIaADnpFxqbSVwziyjlBIBwrKaKNC2ZoI6IbXTqmmJUNBaflZUB930A3fj0uyi30L8aXrw5hja5BMaybhQTeZfH_ic2aKzGIYI3Y2ym5ng12bVXxtVC5qNywIvDgLrW2Xns4XZxwhTnHGmr2lmnx8vi_33EdNgtj7Z7Gb2tR-ToVIKnddv2f-hXAulmd4_4dkt9KofY8guZ0oIrpUizd8-8welFLGdmqXE7CfGTBOT2af_mjKRf0YkA08OwAbiCuMEHOt_AU2EwwQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1544396608</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Interleukin-13-Mediated Paneth Cell Degranulation and Antimicrobial Peptide Release</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><creator>Stockinger, Silvia ; Albers, Thorben ; Duerr, Claudia U. ; Ménard, Sandrine ; Pütsep, Katrin ; Andersson, Mats ; Hornef, Mathias W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Stockinger, Silvia ; Albers, Thorben ; Duerr, Claudia U. ; Ménard, Sandrine ; Pütsep, Katrin ; Andersson, Mats ; Hornef, Mathias W.</creatorcontrib><description>Paneth cell-derived enteric antimicrobial peptides significantly contribute to antibacterial host defense and host-microbial homeostasis. Regulation occurs by enzymatic processing and release into the small intestinal lumen, but the stimuli involved are incompletely understood. Here, the capacity of various microbial and immune stimuli to induce antimicrobial peptide release from small intestinal tissue was systematically evaluated using antibacterial activity testing, immunostaining for Paneth cell granules and mass spectrometry. We confirmed the stimulatory activity of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ligand muramyl dipeptide. In contrast, no release of antibacterial activity was noted after treatment with the Toll-like receptor ligands poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide or CpG, and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-15, IL-22, IL-28 and interferon-γ. Rapid Paneth cell degranulation and antimicrobial activity release, however, was observed after stimulation with the endogenous mediators IL-4 and IL-13. This process required phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and was associated with protein kinase B phosphorylation in Paneth cells. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed expression of the IL-13 receptor α1 on isolated Paneth cells. Our findings identify a novel role of IL-13 as inducer of Paneth cell degranulation and enteric antimicrobial peptide release. IL-13 may thus contribute to mucosal antimicrobial host defense and host microbial homeostasis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1662-811X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1662-8128</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1159/000357644</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24556597</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG</publisher><subject>Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - pharmacology ; Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - metabolism ; Carbachol - pharmacology ; Cell Degranulation ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukin-13 - immunology ; Interleukin-4 - metabolism ; Intestine, Small - immunology ; Life Sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Paneth Cells - drug effects ; Paneth Cells - immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-13 - genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-13 - metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic - metabolism ; Research Article ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Up-Regulation</subject><ispartof>Journal of innate immunity, 2014-01, Vol.6 (4), p.530-541</ispartof><rights>2014 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 by S. Karger AG, Basel 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c665t-efb93349f00a9aadd55b99c5a332c211104a4c2706a9c7241d459d968f046afc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c665t-efb93349f00a9aadd55b99c5a332c211104a4c2706a9c7241d459d968f046afc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8867-199X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741497/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741497/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,550,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556597$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02632329$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:129221338$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stockinger, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albers, Thorben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duerr, Claudia U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ménard, Sandrine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pütsep, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersson, Mats</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hornef, Mathias W.</creatorcontrib><title>Interleukin-13-Mediated Paneth Cell Degranulation and Antimicrobial Peptide Release</title><title>Journal of innate immunity</title><addtitle>J Innate Immun</addtitle><description>Paneth cell-derived enteric antimicrobial peptides significantly contribute to antibacterial host defense and host-microbial homeostasis. Regulation occurs by enzymatic processing and release into the small intestinal lumen, but the stimuli involved are incompletely understood. Here, the capacity of various microbial and immune stimuli to induce antimicrobial peptide release from small intestinal tissue was systematically evaluated using antibacterial activity testing, immunostaining for Paneth cell granules and mass spectrometry. We confirmed the stimulatory activity of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ligand muramyl dipeptide. In contrast, no release of antibacterial activity was noted after treatment with the Toll-like receptor ligands poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide or CpG, and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-15, IL-22, IL-28 and interferon-γ. Rapid Paneth cell degranulation and antimicrobial activity release, however, was observed after stimulation with the endogenous mediators IL-4 and IL-13. This process required phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and was associated with protein kinase B phosphorylation in Paneth cells. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed expression of the IL-13 receptor α1 on isolated Paneth cells. Our findings identify a novel role of IL-13 as inducer of Paneth cell degranulation and enteric antimicrobial peptide release. IL-13 may thus contribute to mucosal antimicrobial host defense and host microbial homeostasis.</description><subject>Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - metabolism</subject><subject>Carbachol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cell Degranulation</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Immunity, Mucosal</subject><subject>Interleukin-13 - immunology</subject><subject>Interleukin-4 - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestine, Small - immunology</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C3H</subject><subject>Paneth Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Paneth Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Interleukin-13 - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Interleukin-13 - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Muscarinic - metabolism</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Up-Regulation</subject><issn>1662-811X</issn><issn>1662-8128</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNqFksuP0zAQxiMEYpeFA3eEInGBQ8DvxBekqjx2pSJWPCRu1tSetN6mTrGTRfz3uLQEdi9IlmzN_Obz-PMUxWNKXlIq9StCCJe1EuJOcUqVYlVDWXN3OtNvJ8WDlK4IyYiu7xcnTEippK5Pi88XYcDY4bjxoaK8-oDOw4CuvISAw7qcY9eVb3AVIYwdDL4PJQRXzsLgt97GfumhKy9xN3iH5SfsEBI-LO610CV8dNzPiq_v3n6Zn1eLj-8v5rNFZZWSQ4XtUnMudEsIaADnpFxqbSVwziyjlBIBwrKaKNC2ZoI6IbXTqmmJUNBaflZUB930A3fj0uyi30L8aXrw5hja5BMaybhQTeZfH_ic2aKzGIYI3Y2ym5ng12bVXxtVC5qNywIvDgLrW2Xns4XZxwhTnHGmr2lmnx8vi_33EdNgtj7Z7Gb2tR-ToVIKnddv2f-hXAulmd4_4dkt9KofY8guZ0oIrpUizd8-8welFLGdmqXE7CfGTBOT2af_mjKRf0YkA08OwAbiCuMEHOt_AU2EwwQ</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>Stockinger, Silvia</creator><creator>Albers, Thorben</creator><creator>Duerr, Claudia U.</creator><creator>Ménard, Sandrine</creator><creator>Pütsep, Katrin</creator><creator>Andersson, Mats</creator><creator>Hornef, Mathias W.</creator><general>S. Karger AG</general><general>Karger</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-199X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20140101</creationdate><title>Interleukin-13-Mediated Paneth Cell Degranulation and Antimicrobial Peptide Release</title><author>Stockinger, Silvia ; Albers, Thorben ; Duerr, Claudia U. ; Ménard, Sandrine ; Pütsep, Katrin ; Andersson, Mats ; Hornef, Mathias W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c665t-efb93349f00a9aadd55b99c5a332c211104a4c2706a9c7241d459d968f046afc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - metabolism</topic><topic>Carbachol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cell Degranulation</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Immunity, Mucosal</topic><topic>Interleukin-13 - immunology</topic><topic>Interleukin-4 - metabolism</topic><topic>Intestine, Small - immunology</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C3H</topic><topic>Paneth Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Paneth Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptors, Interleukin-13 - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Interleukin-13 - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptors, Muscarinic - metabolism</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - drug effects</topic><topic>Up-Regulation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stockinger, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albers, Thorben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duerr, Claudia U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ménard, Sandrine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pütsep, Katrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersson, Mats</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hornef, Mathias W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>Journal of innate immunity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stockinger, Silvia</au><au>Albers, Thorben</au><au>Duerr, Claudia U.</au><au>Ménard, Sandrine</au><au>Pütsep, Katrin</au><au>Andersson, Mats</au><au>Hornef, Mathias W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Interleukin-13-Mediated Paneth Cell Degranulation and Antimicrobial Peptide Release</atitle><jtitle>Journal of innate immunity</jtitle><addtitle>J Innate Immun</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>530</spage><epage>541</epage><pages>530-541</pages><issn>1662-811X</issn><eissn>1662-8128</eissn><abstract>Paneth cell-derived enteric antimicrobial peptides significantly contribute to antibacterial host defense and host-microbial homeostasis. Regulation occurs by enzymatic processing and release into the small intestinal lumen, but the stimuli involved are incompletely understood. Here, the capacity of various microbial and immune stimuli to induce antimicrobial peptide release from small intestinal tissue was systematically evaluated using antibacterial activity testing, immunostaining for Paneth cell granules and mass spectrometry. We confirmed the stimulatory activity of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ligand muramyl dipeptide. In contrast, no release of antibacterial activity was noted after treatment with the Toll-like receptor ligands poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide or CpG, and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-15, IL-22, IL-28 and interferon-γ. Rapid Paneth cell degranulation and antimicrobial activity release, however, was observed after stimulation with the endogenous mediators IL-4 and IL-13. This process required phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and was associated with protein kinase B phosphorylation in Paneth cells. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed expression of the IL-13 receptor α1 on isolated Paneth cells. Our findings identify a novel role of IL-13 as inducer of Paneth cell degranulation and enteric antimicrobial peptide release. IL-13 may thus contribute to mucosal antimicrobial host defense and host microbial homeostasis.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>S. Karger AG</pub><pmid>24556597</pmid><doi>10.1159/000357644</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-199X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1662-811X |
ispartof | Journal of innate immunity, 2014-01, Vol.6 (4), p.530-541 |
issn | 1662-811X 1662-8128 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1539469298 |
source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; SWEPUB Freely available online |
subjects | Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - pharmacology Animals Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - metabolism Carbachol - pharmacology Cell Degranulation Cells, Cultured Immunity, Mucosal Interleukin-13 - immunology Interleukin-4 - metabolism Intestine, Small - immunology Life Sciences Mice Mice, Inbred C3H Paneth Cells - drug effects Paneth Cells - immunology Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Receptors, Interleukin-13 - genetics Receptors, Interleukin-13 - metabolism Receptors, Muscarinic - metabolism Research Article Signal Transduction - drug effects Up-Regulation |
title | Interleukin-13-Mediated Paneth Cell Degranulation and Antimicrobial Peptide Release |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-30T20%3A14%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_hal_p&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interleukin-13-Mediated%20Paneth%20Cell%20Degranulation%20and%20Antimicrobial%20Peptide%20Release&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20innate%20immunity&rft.au=Stockinger,%20Silvia&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=530&rft.epage=541&rft.pages=530-541&rft.issn=1662-811X&rft.eissn=1662-8128&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159/000357644&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_hal_p%3E3369063441%3C/proquest_hal_p%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1544396608&rft_id=info:pmid/24556597&rfr_iscdi=true |