Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target
Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome is greatly dependent on the viral trans-activator protein Tat. Tat functions through the TAR element, which is represented in both viral DNA and RNA. At present, there is no definitive evidence that determines whether Tat acts thro...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cell 1989-10, Vol.59 (2), p.273-282 |
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| container_title | Cell |
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| creator | Berkhout, Ben Silverman, Robert H. Jeang, Kuan-Teh |
| description | Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome is greatly dependent on the viral
trans-activator protein Tat. Tat functions through the TAR element, which is represented in both viral DNA and RNA. At present, there is no definitive evidence that determines whether Tat acts through a DNA or RNA form of TAR. We have used an intramolecular mutagenesis approach to change selectively the RNA secondary structure of TAR without affecting its primary sequence. We show that a specific RNA secondary structure for TAR is needed for biological activity. Furthermore, transcripts that only transiently form a native TAR RNA hairpin, which is not maintained in the mature mRNA, are completely
trans-activated by Tat, suggesting that TAR is recognized as a nascent RNA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90289-4 |
| format | Article |
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trans-activator protein Tat. Tat functions through the TAR element, which is represented in both viral DNA and RNA. At present, there is no definitive evidence that determines whether Tat acts through a DNA or RNA form of TAR. We have used an intramolecular mutagenesis approach to change selectively the RNA secondary structure of TAR without affecting its primary sequence. We show that a specific RNA secondary structure for TAR is needed for biological activity. Furthermore, transcripts that only transiently form a native TAR RNA hairpin, which is not maintained in the mature mRNA, are completely
trans-activated by Tat, suggesting that TAR is recognized as a nascent RNA.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Enhancer Elements, Genetic</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</subject><subject>Gene Products, tat - metabolism</subject><subject>Genes, Viral</subject><subject>HIV-1 - genetics</subject><subject>HIV-1 - growth & development</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular genetics</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>RNA - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Antisense</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus</subject><subject>Trans-Activators - metabolism</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Viral Structural Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Virus Activation</subject><issn>0092-8674</issn><issn>1097-4172</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEtLxDAUhYMoOj7-gUIWIrqo3jRpm2wEEV8gijKuQ9reOJFpq0k64L-3nRlm6eouzncOl4-QYwaXDFh-BaDSROaFOJfqQkEqVSK2yISBKhLBinSbTDbIHtkP4QsAZJZlu2Q3FYVMFZ-Qt6mJNHrThsRU0S1MxEDjDOmsb0xLXdP0bVejdZXDtvqlC-f7EfBd_zmjhrYmVNhG-v5yQ6PxnxgPyY4184BH63tAPu7vprePyfPrw9PtzXNSCcljwnmpkPHcllAygXldMAZ1WkguRFlbLK3ktU2ZSa0CJnOFwiAHRJYJw4eJA3K22v323U-PIerGDb_M56bFrg-aZVxBrkZQrMDKdyF4tPrbu8b4X81Ajyb1qEmPmrRUemlSi6F2st7vywbrTWmtbshP1_mgwMzt4LByYYPlBeQc2IBdrzAcXCwceh2WKrF2Hquo6879_8cfOHePUA</recordid><startdate>19891020</startdate><enddate>19891020</enddate><creator>Berkhout, Ben</creator><creator>Silverman, Robert H.</creator><creator>Jeang, Kuan-Teh</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Cell Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19891020</creationdate><title>Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target</title><author>Berkhout, Ben ; Silverman, Robert H. ; Jeang, Kuan-Teh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-33b9e136fb0b14e6d7110d278344bdfebf83df21a2f901869e4ae30ee154a3483</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Enhancer Elements, Genetic</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</topic><topic>Gene Products, tat - metabolism</topic><topic>Genes, Viral</topic><topic>HIV-1 - genetics</topic><topic>HIV-1 - growth & development</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular genetics</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>RNA - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Antisense</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Viral - genetics</topic><topic>tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus</topic><topic>Trans-Activators - metabolism</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic</topic><topic>Viral Structural Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Virus Activation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Berkhout, Ben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silverman, Robert H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeang, Kuan-Teh</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Cell</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Berkhout, Ben</au><au>Silverman, Robert H.</au><au>Jeang, Kuan-Teh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target</atitle><jtitle>Cell</jtitle><addtitle>Cell</addtitle><date>1989-10-20</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>273</spage><epage>282</epage><pages>273-282</pages><issn>0092-8674</issn><eissn>1097-4172</eissn><coden>CELLB5</coden><abstract>Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome is greatly dependent on the viral
trans-activator protein Tat. Tat functions through the TAR element, which is represented in both viral DNA and RNA. At present, there is no definitive evidence that determines whether Tat acts through a DNA or RNA form of TAR. We have used an intramolecular mutagenesis approach to change selectively the RNA secondary structure of TAR without affecting its primary sequence. We show that a specific RNA secondary structure for TAR is needed for biological activity. Furthermore, transcripts that only transiently form a native TAR RNA hairpin, which is not maintained in the mature mRNA, are completely
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| subjects | Animals Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Enhancer Elements, Genetic Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Gene Products, tat - metabolism Genes, Viral HIV-1 - genetics HIV-1 - growth & development Molecular and cellular biology Molecular genetics Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Plasmids RNA - genetics RNA, Antisense RNA, Messenger - antagonists & inhibitors RNA, Messenger - genetics RNA, Viral - genetics tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Trans-Activators - metabolism Transcription, Genetic Viral Structural Proteins - genetics Virus Activation |
| title | Tat trans-activates the human immunodeficiency virus through a nascent RNA target |
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