California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) phenology on citrus in South Africa
Male California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were monitored with sticky traps which incorporated synthetic female pheromone in rubber septa at six climatically different locations in South Africa. The males exhibited a two- or three-cohort population structure on citrus and resulted in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of economic entomology 1989-06, Vol.82 (3), p.793-798 |
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| container_title | Journal of economic entomology |
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| creator | Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa) Du Toit, W.J Hofmeyr, J.H Richards, G.I |
| description | Male California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were monitored with sticky traps which incorporated synthetic female pheromone in rubber septa at six climatically different locations in South Africa. The males exhibited a two- or three-cohort population structure on citrus and resulted in four to six generations per year on orange trees, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (verus three to four generations in California) and five to seven generations per year on lemon trees, C. limon (L.) Burm. The mean intergeneration periods (IGPs) (+/-SEM) between related population peaks on the traps in degree-days, accumulated between developmental thresholds 11.7 and 37.8 degrees C, were 498.2 (+/-7.43) on 'Eureka' lemon trees, 576.8 (+/-4.12) on orange cultivars, and 609.6 (+/-16.29) on 'Marsh' grapefruit trees, C. paradisi Macf. The IGPs for lemon and grapefruit trees were shorter than California estimates based on constant temperature developmental data, but the mean IGP on orange trees was very similar to field values obtained in California and Swaziland. The use of a designated flight peak for the prediction of fruit infestation levels at harvest will be difficult where a three-cohort population structure exists |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jee/82.3.793 |
| format | Article |
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(South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa) ; Du Toit, W.J ; Hofmeyr, J.H ; Richards, G.I</creator><creatorcontrib>Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa) ; Du Toit, W.J ; Hofmeyr, J.H ; Richards, G.I</creatorcontrib><description>Male California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were monitored with sticky traps which incorporated synthetic female pheromone in rubber septa at six climatically different locations in South Africa. The males exhibited a two- or three-cohort population structure on citrus and resulted in four to six generations per year on orange trees, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (verus three to four generations in California) and five to seven generations per year on lemon trees, C. limon (L.) Burm. The mean intergeneration periods (IGPs) (+/-SEM) between related population peaks on the traps in degree-days, accumulated between developmental thresholds 11.7 and 37.8 degrees C, were 498.2 (+/-7.43) on 'Eureka' lemon trees, 576.8 (+/-4.12) on orange cultivars, and 609.6 (+/-16.29) on 'Marsh' grapefruit trees, C. paradisi Macf. The IGPs for lemon and grapefruit trees were shorter than California estimates based on constant temperature developmental data, but the mean IGP on orange trees was very similar to field values obtained in California and Swaziland. The use of a designated flight peak for the prediction of fruit infestation levels at harvest will be difficult where a three-cohort population structure exists</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jee/82.3.793</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEENAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>AFRIQUE DU SUD ; AONIDIELLA ; Biological and medical sciences ; CITRUS ; Coccoidea ; Control ; Diaspididae ; FENOLOGIA ; FEROMONAS ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Generalities ; Homoptera ; INSECTE NUISIBLE ; INSECTOS DANINOS ; PHENOLOGIE ; PHEROMONE ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; PIEGE ; Protozoa. Invertebrates ; Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys ; SUDAFRICA ; SURVEILLANCE ; TRAMPAS ; VARIEDADES ; VARIETE ; VIGILANCIA</subject><ispartof>Journal of economic entomology, 1989-06, Vol.82 (3), p.793-798</ispartof><rights>1989 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c244t-ec74297d43d1134c5002552d644c9890d2636cb99df010d52b4ad939ac7ef19b3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7318759$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du Toit, W.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hofmeyr, J.H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richards, G.I</creatorcontrib><title>California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) phenology on citrus in South Africa</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><description>Male California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were monitored with sticky traps which incorporated synthetic female pheromone in rubber septa at six climatically different locations in South Africa. The males exhibited a two- or three-cohort population structure on citrus and resulted in four to six generations per year on orange trees, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (verus three to four generations in California) and five to seven generations per year on lemon trees, C. limon (L.) Burm. The mean intergeneration periods (IGPs) (+/-SEM) between related population peaks on the traps in degree-days, accumulated between developmental thresholds 11.7 and 37.8 degrees C, were 498.2 (+/-7.43) on 'Eureka' lemon trees, 576.8 (+/-4.12) on orange cultivars, and 609.6 (+/-16.29) on 'Marsh' grapefruit trees, C. paradisi Macf. The IGPs for lemon and grapefruit trees were shorter than California estimates based on constant temperature developmental data, but the mean IGP on orange trees was very similar to field values obtained in California and Swaziland. The use of a designated flight peak for the prediction of fruit infestation levels at harvest will be difficult where a three-cohort population structure exists</description><subject>AFRIQUE DU SUD</subject><subject>AONIDIELLA</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CITRUS</subject><subject>Coccoidea</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Diaspididae</subject><subject>FENOLOGIA</subject><subject>FEROMONAS</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Generalities</subject><subject>Homoptera</subject><subject>INSECTE NUISIBLE</subject><subject>INSECTOS DANINOS</subject><subject>PHENOLOGIE</subject><subject>PHEROMONE</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>PIEGE</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrates</subject><subject>Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys</subject><subject>SUDAFRICA</subject><subject>SURVEILLANCE</subject><subject>TRAMPAS</subject><subject>VARIEDADES</subject><subject>VARIETE</subject><subject>VIGILANCIA</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9kEtLAzEUhYMoWKs7V66yEFFw2rzmEXelPioURGrBXUjzaFOmkzGZWfTfm1KRs7ib7x4OHwDXGI0w4nS8NWZckREdlZyegAHmtMoIx9-nYIAQIRlinJ6Dixi3COGCYDQAn1NZO-tD4yQMRsOoZG3g_czvfNuZIJ_gs5OxddppaR5guzGNr_16D30DletCH6Fr4ML33QZObHBKXoIzK-torv7uECxfX76ms2z-8fY-ncwzRRjrMqNKRnipGdUYU6bytDDPiS4YU7ziSJOCFmrFubYII52TFZOaUy5VaSzmKzoEd8feNvif3sRO7FxUpq5lY3wfBc5pmVIl8PEIquBjDMaKNridDHuBkTh4E8mbqIigInlL-O1frzzIsEE2ysX_n5Liqsx5wm6OmJVeyHVIyHLBESp5kdNfnIR0ww</recordid><startdate>19890601</startdate><enddate>19890601</enddate><creator>Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa)</creator><creator>Du Toit, W.J</creator><creator>Hofmeyr, J.H</creator><creator>Richards, G.I</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19890601</creationdate><title>California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) phenology on citrus in South Africa</title><author>Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa) ; Du Toit, W.J ; Hofmeyr, J.H ; Richards, G.I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c244t-ec74297d43d1134c5002552d644c9890d2636cb99df010d52b4ad939ac7ef19b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>AFRIQUE DU SUD</topic><topic>AONIDIELLA</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>CITRUS</topic><topic>Coccoidea</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Diaspididae</topic><topic>FENOLOGIA</topic><topic>FEROMONAS</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Generalities</topic><topic>Homoptera</topic><topic>INSECTE NUISIBLE</topic><topic>INSECTOS DANINOS</topic><topic>PHENOLOGIE</topic><topic>PHEROMONE</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>PIEGE</topic><topic>Protozoa. Invertebrates</topic><topic>Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys</topic><topic>SUDAFRICA</topic><topic>SURVEILLANCE</topic><topic>TRAMPAS</topic><topic>VARIEDADES</topic><topic>VARIETE</topic><topic>VIGILANCIA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Du Toit, W.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hofmeyr, J.H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richards, G.I</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Grout, T.G. (South African Co-operative Citrus Exchange, Centrahil, Port Elizabeth, South Africa)</au><au>Du Toit, W.J</au><au>Hofmeyr, J.H</au><au>Richards, G.I</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) phenology on citrus in South Africa</atitle><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle><date>1989-06-01</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>793</spage><epage>798</epage><pages>793-798</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><coden>JEENAI</coden><abstract>Male California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), were monitored with sticky traps which incorporated synthetic female pheromone in rubber septa at six climatically different locations in South Africa. The males exhibited a two- or three-cohort population structure on citrus and resulted in four to six generations per year on orange trees, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (verus three to four generations in California) and five to seven generations per year on lemon trees, C. limon (L.) Burm. The mean intergeneration periods (IGPs) (+/-SEM) between related population peaks on the traps in degree-days, accumulated between developmental thresholds 11.7 and 37.8 degrees C, were 498.2 (+/-7.43) on 'Eureka' lemon trees, 576.8 (+/-4.12) on orange cultivars, and 609.6 (+/-16.29) on 'Marsh' grapefruit trees, C. paradisi Macf. The IGPs for lemon and grapefruit trees were shorter than California estimates based on constant temperature developmental data, but the mean IGP on orange trees was very similar to field values obtained in California and Swaziland. The use of a designated flight peak for the prediction of fruit infestation levels at harvest will be difficult where a three-cohort population structure exists</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><doi>10.1093/jee/82.3.793</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of economic entomology, 1989-06, Vol.82 (3), p.793-798 |
| issn | 0022-0493 1938-291X |
| language | eng |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals Digital Archive Legacy |
| subjects | AFRIQUE DU SUD AONIDIELLA Biological and medical sciences CITRUS Coccoidea Control Diaspididae FENOLOGIA FEROMONAS Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Generalities Homoptera INSECTE NUISIBLE INSECTOS DANINOS PHENOLOGIE PHEROMONE Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection PIEGE Protozoa. Invertebrates Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys SUDAFRICA SURVEILLANCE TRAMPAS VARIEDADES VARIETE VIGILANCIA |
| title | California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) phenology on citrus in South Africa |
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