Topical application of polyethylenimine as a candidate for novel prophylactic therapeutics against genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause genital herpes, which can enhance the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus. The development of anti-HSV agents with novel mechanisms of action is urgently required in the topical therapy of genital herpes. In this study, the in vitro an...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Archives of virology 2014-03, Vol.159 (3), p.425-435 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 435 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 425 |
| container_title | Archives of virology |
| container_volume | 159 |
| creator | Hayashi, Kyoko Onoue, Hiroki Sasaki, Kohei Lee, Jung-Bum Kumar, Penmetcha K. R Gopinath, Subash C. B Maitani, Yoshie Kai, Takashi Hayashi, Toshimitsu |
| description | Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause genital herpes, which can enhance the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus. The development of anti-HSV agents with novel mechanisms of action is urgently required in the topical therapy of genital herpes. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-HSV effects of Epomin SP-012®, a highly cationic polyethylenimine, were evaluated. When the in vitro antiviral effects of SP-012 were assessed, this compound showed potent activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. It inhibited the attachment of HSV-2 to host cells and cell-to-cell spread of infection in a concentration-dependent manner and exerted a virucidal effect. No SP-012-resistant HSV-2 was found when the virus was successively passaged in the presence of SP-012. In a mouse genital herpes model, topically administered SP-012 inhibited the progression of the disease caused by HSV infection. These data illustrate that SP-012 may be a novel class of HSV inhibitor that would be acceptable for long-term topical application. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00705-013-1829-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1534828828</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1534828828</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-aa01ba8f612661174d87cb828b34c50cdb915c70f668a7bb868cebac8a356edd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNks9u1DAQxi0EokvhAbiAJS5cArbjJM4RVfyTKnGgPVsTZ7J1lcTGTqrdt-CRmVVahDggJMu2Zn7z2Z7PjL2U4p0UonmfaRJVIWRZSKPa4vCI7aQuVWGa1jxmO1EKXZhamDP2LOdbIShQVk_ZmdJCU7jZsZ9XIXoHI4cYR9osPsw8DDyG8YjLzXHE2U9-Rg6ZA3cw976HBfkQEp_DHY48phCJA7d4x5cbTBBxpT3xe_BzXvieNBY6gnIRM4msGXveHR8C2U9xxAO_82nNz9mTAcaML-7Xc3b96ePVxZfi8tvnrxcfLgunVbsUAEJ2YIZaqrqWstG9aVxnlOlK7Srh-q6VlWvEUNcGmq4ztXHYgTNQVjX2fXnO3m66dP8fK-bFTj47HEeYMazZyqrUJEfjP1DqaiV00xD65i_0NqxppoecKKV0JdqaKLlRLoWcEw42Jj9BOlop7MlZuzlryVl7ctYeqObVvfLaTdj_rniwkgC1AZlS8x7TH0f_Q_X1VjRAsLBPPtvr70pITX-FGkDkL4i7uto</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1502245096</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Topical application of polyethylenimine as a candidate for novel prophylactic therapeutics against genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Hayashi, Kyoko ; Onoue, Hiroki ; Sasaki, Kohei ; Lee, Jung-Bum ; Kumar, Penmetcha K. R ; Gopinath, Subash C. B ; Maitani, Yoshie ; Kai, Takashi ; Hayashi, Toshimitsu</creator><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Kyoko ; Onoue, Hiroki ; Sasaki, Kohei ; Lee, Jung-Bum ; Kumar, Penmetcha K. R ; Gopinath, Subash C. B ; Maitani, Yoshie ; Kai, Takashi ; Hayashi, Toshimitsu</creatorcontrib><description>Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause genital herpes, which can enhance the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus. The development of anti-HSV agents with novel mechanisms of action is urgently required in the topical therapy of genital herpes. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-HSV effects of Epomin SP-012®, a highly cationic polyethylenimine, were evaluated. When the in vitro antiviral effects of SP-012 were assessed, this compound showed potent activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. It inhibited the attachment of HSV-2 to host cells and cell-to-cell spread of infection in a concentration-dependent manner and exerted a virucidal effect. No SP-012-resistant HSV-2 was found when the virus was successively passaged in the presence of SP-012. In a mouse genital herpes model, topically administered SP-012 inhibited the progression of the disease caused by HSV infection. These data illustrate that SP-012 may be a novel class of HSV inhibitor that would be acceptable for long-term topical application.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-8608</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-8798</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1829-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24046087</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Vienna: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use ; antiviral properties ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cytotoxicity ; disease course ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; Herpes Genitalis - prevention & control ; herpes simplex ; Herpes simplex virus 1 ; Herpes simplex virus 2 ; Herpes viruses ; Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects ; Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human - drug effects ; Herpesvirus 2, Human - physiology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; Human immunodeficiency virus 2 ; Infections ; Infectious Diseases ; Medical Microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbial Viability - drug effects ; Original Article ; Polyethyleneimine - pharmacology ; Polyethyleneimine - therapeutic use ; therapeutics ; topical application ; Treatment Outcome ; Virology ; Virus Internalization - drug effects ; viruses</subject><ispartof>Archives of virology, 2014-03, Vol.159 (3), p.425-435</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Wien 2013</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Wien 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-aa01ba8f612661174d87cb828b34c50cdb915c70f668a7bb868cebac8a356edd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-aa01ba8f612661174d87cb828b34c50cdb915c70f668a7bb868cebac8a356edd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00705-013-1829-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00705-013-1829-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24046087$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Kyoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onoue, Hiroki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sasaki, Kohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jung-Bum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Penmetcha K. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gopinath, Subash C. B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maitani, Yoshie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kai, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Toshimitsu</creatorcontrib><title>Topical application of polyethylenimine as a candidate for novel prophylactic therapeutics against genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus</title><title>Archives of virology</title><addtitle>Arch Virol</addtitle><addtitle>Arch Virol</addtitle><description>Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause genital herpes, which can enhance the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus. The development of anti-HSV agents with novel mechanisms of action is urgently required in the topical therapy of genital herpes. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-HSV effects of Epomin SP-012®, a highly cationic polyethylenimine, were evaluated. When the in vitro antiviral effects of SP-012 were assessed, this compound showed potent activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. It inhibited the attachment of HSV-2 to host cells and cell-to-cell spread of infection in a concentration-dependent manner and exerted a virucidal effect. No SP-012-resistant HSV-2 was found when the virus was successively passaged in the presence of SP-012. In a mouse genital herpes model, topically administered SP-012 inhibited the progression of the disease caused by HSV infection. These data illustrate that SP-012 may be a novel class of HSV inhibitor that would be acceptable for long-term topical application.</description><subject>Administration, Topical</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use</subject><subject>antiviral properties</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>disease course</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>Herpes Genitalis - prevention & control</subject><subject>herpes simplex</subject><subject>Herpes simplex virus 1</subject><subject>Herpes simplex virus 2</subject><subject>Herpes viruses</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 2, Human - drug effects</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 2, Human - physiology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus 1</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus 2</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>Microbial Viability - drug effects</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Polyethyleneimine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Polyethyleneimine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>therapeutics</subject><subject>topical application</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Virus Internalization - drug effects</subject><subject>viruses</subject><issn>0304-8608</issn><issn>1432-8798</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks9u1DAQxi0EokvhAbiAJS5cArbjJM4RVfyTKnGgPVsTZ7J1lcTGTqrdt-CRmVVahDggJMu2Zn7z2Z7PjL2U4p0UonmfaRJVIWRZSKPa4vCI7aQuVWGa1jxmO1EKXZhamDP2LOdbIShQVk_ZmdJCU7jZsZ9XIXoHI4cYR9osPsw8DDyG8YjLzXHE2U9-Rg6ZA3cw976HBfkQEp_DHY48phCJA7d4x5cbTBBxpT3xe_BzXvieNBY6gnIRM4msGXveHR8C2U9xxAO_82nNz9mTAcaML-7Xc3b96ePVxZfi8tvnrxcfLgunVbsUAEJ2YIZaqrqWstG9aVxnlOlK7Srh-q6VlWvEUNcGmq4ztXHYgTNQVjX2fXnO3m66dP8fK-bFTj47HEeYMazZyqrUJEfjP1DqaiV00xD65i_0NqxppoecKKV0JdqaKLlRLoWcEw42Jj9BOlop7MlZuzlryVl7ctYeqObVvfLaTdj_rniwkgC1AZlS8x7TH0f_Q_X1VjRAsLBPPtvr70pITX-FGkDkL4i7uto</recordid><startdate>20140301</startdate><enddate>20140301</enddate><creator>Hayashi, Kyoko</creator><creator>Onoue, Hiroki</creator><creator>Sasaki, Kohei</creator><creator>Lee, Jung-Bum</creator><creator>Kumar, Penmetcha K. R</creator><creator>Gopinath, Subash C. B</creator><creator>Maitani, Yoshie</creator><creator>Kai, Takashi</creator><creator>Hayashi, Toshimitsu</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Vienna</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140301</creationdate><title>Topical application of polyethylenimine as a candidate for novel prophylactic therapeutics against genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus</title><author>Hayashi, Kyoko ; Onoue, Hiroki ; Sasaki, Kohei ; Lee, Jung-Bum ; Kumar, Penmetcha K. R ; Gopinath, Subash C. B ; Maitani, Yoshie ; Kai, Takashi ; Hayashi, Toshimitsu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-aa01ba8f612661174d87cb828b34c50cdb915c70f668a7bb868cebac8a356edd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Administration, Topical</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use</topic><topic>antiviral properties</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>disease course</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glycoproteins</topic><topic>Herpes Genitalis - prevention & control</topic><topic>herpes simplex</topic><topic>Herpes simplex virus 1</topic><topic>Herpes simplex virus 2</topic><topic>Herpes viruses</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 2, Human - drug effects</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 2, Human - physiology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus 1</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus 2</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</topic><topic>Microbial Viability - drug effects</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Polyethyleneimine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Polyethyleneimine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>therapeutics</topic><topic>topical application</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Virus Internalization - drug effects</topic><topic>viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Kyoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onoue, Hiroki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sasaki, Kohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jung-Bum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Penmetcha K. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gopinath, Subash C. B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maitani, Yoshie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kai, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Toshimitsu</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Archives of virology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hayashi, Kyoko</au><au>Onoue, Hiroki</au><au>Sasaki, Kohei</au><au>Lee, Jung-Bum</au><au>Kumar, Penmetcha K. R</au><au>Gopinath, Subash C. B</au><au>Maitani, Yoshie</au><au>Kai, Takashi</au><au>Hayashi, Toshimitsu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Topical application of polyethylenimine as a candidate for novel prophylactic therapeutics against genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus</atitle><jtitle>Archives of virology</jtitle><stitle>Arch Virol</stitle><addtitle>Arch Virol</addtitle><date>2014-03-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>159</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>425</spage><epage>435</epage><pages>425-435</pages><issn>0304-8608</issn><eissn>1432-8798</eissn><abstract>Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) cause genital herpes, which can enhance the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus. The development of anti-HSV agents with novel mechanisms of action is urgently required in the topical therapy of genital herpes. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-HSV effects of Epomin SP-012®, a highly cationic polyethylenimine, were evaluated. When the in vitro antiviral effects of SP-012 were assessed, this compound showed potent activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. It inhibited the attachment of HSV-2 to host cells and cell-to-cell spread of infection in a concentration-dependent manner and exerted a virucidal effect. No SP-012-resistant HSV-2 was found when the virus was successively passaged in the presence of SP-012. In a mouse genital herpes model, topically administered SP-012 inhibited the progression of the disease caused by HSV infection. These data illustrate that SP-012 may be a novel class of HSV inhibitor that would be acceptable for long-term topical application.</abstract><cop>Vienna</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>24046087</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00705-013-1829-x</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0304-8608 |
| ispartof | Archives of virology, 2014-03, Vol.159 (3), p.425-435 |
| issn | 0304-8608 1432-8798 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1534828828 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Administration, Topical Animals Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use antiviral properties Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cytotoxicity disease course Disease Models, Animal Female Glycoproteins Herpes Genitalis - prevention & control herpes simplex Herpes simplex virus 1 Herpes simplex virus 2 Herpes viruses Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology Herpesvirus 2, Human - drug effects Herpesvirus 2, Human - physiology Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Infections Infectious Diseases Medical Microbiology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Microbial Sensitivity Tests Microbial Viability - drug effects Original Article Polyethyleneimine - pharmacology Polyethyleneimine - therapeutic use therapeutics topical application Treatment Outcome Virology Virus Internalization - drug effects viruses |
| title | Topical application of polyethylenimine as a candidate for novel prophylactic therapeutics against genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T13%3A08%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Topical%20application%20of%20polyethylenimine%20as%20a%20candidate%20for%20novel%20prophylactic%20therapeutics%20against%20genital%20herpes%20caused%20by%20herpes%20simplex%20virus&rft.jtitle=Archives%20of%20virology&rft.au=Hayashi,%20Kyoko&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=425&rft.epage=435&rft.pages=425-435&rft.issn=0304-8608&rft.eissn=1432-8798&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00705-013-1829-x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1534828828%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1502245096&rft_id=info:pmid/24046087&rfr_iscdi=true |