Functional role and mechanisms of sialyllactose and other sialylated milk oligosaccharides

Human milk is a rich source of oligosaccharides. Acidic oligosaccharides, such as sialyllactose (SL), contain sialic acid (SA) residues. In human milk, approximately 73% of SA is bound to oligosaccharides, whereas only 3% is present in free form. Oligosaccharides are highly resistant to hydrolysis i...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nutrition reviews 2014-06, Vol.72 (6), p.377-389
Hauptverfasser: Bruggencate, Sandra JM, Bovee‐Oudenhoven, Ingeborg MJ, Feitsma, Anouk L, Hoffen, Els, Schoterman, Margriet HC
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 377
container_title Nutrition reviews
container_volume 72
creator Bruggencate, Sandra JM
Bovee‐Oudenhoven, Ingeborg MJ
Feitsma, Anouk L
Hoffen, Els
Schoterman, Margriet HC
description Human milk is a rich source of oligosaccharides. Acidic oligosaccharides, such as sialyllactose (SL), contain sialic acid (SA) residues. In human milk, approximately 73% of SA is bound to oligosaccharides, whereas only 3% is present in free form. Oligosaccharides are highly resistant to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Only a small portion of the available oligosaccharides in breast milk is absorbed in the neonatal small intestine. SL and sialylated oligosaccharides are thought to have significant health benefits for the neonate, because of their roles in supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development. The need for SA to allow proper development during the neonatal period is thought to exceed the endogenous synthesis. Therefore, these structures are important nutrients for the neonate. Based on the potential benefits, SL and sialylated oligosaccharides may be interesting components for application in infant nutrition. Once the hurdle of limited availability of these oligosaccharides has been overcome, their functionality can be explored in more detail, and supplementation of infant formula may become feasible.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/nure.12106
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Acidic oligosaccharides, such as sialyllactose (SL), contain sialic acid (SA) residues. In human milk, approximately 73% of SA is bound to oligosaccharides, whereas only 3% is present in free form. Oligosaccharides are highly resistant to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Only a small portion of the available oligosaccharides in breast milk is absorbed in the neonatal small intestine. SL and sialylated oligosaccharides are thought to have significant health benefits for the neonate, because of their roles in supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development. The need for SA to allow proper development during the neonatal period is thought to exceed the endogenous synthesis. Therefore, these structures are important nutrients for the neonate. Based on the potential benefits, SL and sialylated oligosaccharides may be interesting components for application in infant nutrition. 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Acidic oligosaccharides, such as sialyllactose (SL), contain sialic acid (SA) residues. In human milk, approximately 73% of SA is bound to oligosaccharides, whereas only 3% is present in free form. Oligosaccharides are highly resistant to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Only a small portion of the available oligosaccharides in breast milk is absorbed in the neonatal small intestine. SL and sialylated oligosaccharides are thought to have significant health benefits for the neonate, because of their roles in supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development. The need for SA to allow proper development during the neonatal period is thought to exceed the endogenous synthesis. Therefore, these structures are important nutrients for the neonate. Based on the potential benefits, SL and sialylated oligosaccharides may be interesting components for application in infant nutrition. 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Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism</topic><topic>health effects</topic><topic>human milk oligosaccharides</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>hydrolysis</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Formula - chemistry</topic><topic>infant formulas</topic><topic>infant nutrition</topic><topic>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Lactose - analogs &amp; derivatives</topic><topic>Lactose - metabolism</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk, Human - chemistry</topic><topic>neonates</topic><topic>nutrients</topic><topic>Nutritional Requirements</topic><topic>oligosaccharides</topic><topic>Oligosaccharides - metabolism</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>sialic acid</topic><topic>Sialic Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>sialylated oligosaccharides</topic><topic>sialyllactose</topic><topic>Small intestine</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bruggencate, Sandra JM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovee‐Oudenhoven, Ingeborg MJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feitsma, Anouk L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffen, Els</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoterman, Margriet HC</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nutrition reviews</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bruggencate, Sandra JM</au><au>Bovee‐Oudenhoven, Ingeborg MJ</au><au>Feitsma, Anouk L</au><au>Hoffen, Els</au><au>Schoterman, Margriet HC</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional role and mechanisms of sialyllactose and other sialylated milk oligosaccharides</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition reviews</jtitle><addtitle>Nutr Rev</addtitle><date>2014-06</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>377</spage><epage>389</epage><pages>377-389</pages><issn>0029-6643</issn><eissn>1753-4887</eissn><coden>NUREA8</coden><abstract>Human milk is a rich source of oligosaccharides. 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source Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Breast Feeding
breast milk
cognitive development
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism
health effects
human milk oligosaccharides
Humans
hydrolysis
Infant
Infant Formula - chemistry
infant formulas
infant nutrition
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Lactose - analogs & derivatives
Lactose - metabolism
Milk
Milk, Human - chemistry
neonates
nutrients
Nutritional Requirements
oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides - metabolism
Pathogens
sialic acid
Sialic Acids - metabolism
sialylated oligosaccharides
sialyllactose
Small intestine
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
title Functional role and mechanisms of sialyllactose and other sialylated milk oligosaccharides
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