Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations
We tested three predictions of food web behavior: (1) inclusion of a third trophic level will reduce populations on the second trophic level, allowing species on the first trophic level to increase; (2) food chains with an odd number of trophic levels release nutrients to the environment at a slower...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 1989-08, Vol.70 (4), p.1127-1141 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1141 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 1127 |
| container_title | Ecology (Durham) |
| container_volume | 70 |
| creator | Allen-Morley, Carole R. Coleman, D. C. |
| description | We tested three predictions of food web behavior: (1) inclusion of a third trophic level will reduce populations on the second trophic level, allowing species on the first trophic level to increase; (2) food chains with an odd number of trophic levels release nutrients to the environment at a slower rate than food chains with an even number of trophic levels;' (3) the longer the food chain, or more complex the food web, the longer the community will take to recover from disturbance. Bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. maltophilia, P. paucimobilis, P. stutzeri, and Alcaligenes sp.), and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) were used for the first trophic level, and nematodes were used for the second (Acrobeloides sp. and Aphelenchus avenae) and third (Mononchus tunbirdgensis) trophic levels. Microorganisms were assembled to form food chains and food webs of different structures in sterile-soil microcosms. The microcosms were designed to allow repeated sampling without losing sterility. Soil samples were removed every 2 wk for 3 mo, then either the experiment was terminated, or samples were taken less frequently. Carbon was added when each sample was taken and the soil removed for analyses was replenished in sterile soil. Population abundance, soil ammonium-nitrogen, and carbon dioxide were measured throughout the course of the experiments. Once constant population levels were established (days 30-40), the systems were frozen to -1@?C for 7 d. Sampling continued after the freeze for up to 100 d. The populations on the first trophic level were lower with increased food web complexity or food chain length, refuting the first predict ion. Net nitrogen mineralization and carbon release were greater with increased food web complexity, refuting the second prediction. We speculate that these results are closely linked to the organisms' generation times and species-specific traits, such as rapid grown following a stress (Acrobeloides sp.). Recovery after freezing was highly variable and was more a function of the species than of food web structure. Nutrient cycling and recovery from stress were more dependent upon the species that make up the community than upon the community structure itself. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2307/1941381 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_15276545</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>1941381</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>1941381</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4977-d245d30c6aff577cdd5333724b5301c3dfb55eaa61cebb32863222e784c4b98e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90M9rFTEQB_AgCj6rePcU1OppNZMfm-Qoj7YKBUHtwVPIZiclj-3mmeyz1L_eyD4QhDqXuXzmy5ch5Dmwd1ww_R6sBGHgAdmAFbazoNlDsmEMeGd7ZR6TJ7XuWBuQZkMuvmBNU8I5IM2R1pwmOqS8eJpm-tOXlA-VxpxHeotDpUumsSD-SvM13WNZDmXwS8pzfUoeRT9VfHbcJ-Tq_Ozb9mN3-fni0_bDZRek1bobuVSjYKH3MSqtwzgqIYTmclCCQRBjHJRC73sIOAyCm15wzlEbGeRgDYoT8mbN3Zf844B1cTepBpwmP2Or6kBx3SupGnz5D9zlQ5lbN8fBWCuFNg29ug8Bt72Usue2qberCiXXWjC6fUk3vtw5YO7Pz93x502eHvN8DX6Kxc8h1b_cKqVkL5sTq7tNE97dF-fOtt_BGquZBOC6Xb1er3Z1yeU_JV6sLPrs_HVpBa6-WsaENVL8Bkx3oDs</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1296444629</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations</title><source>Periodicals Index Online</source><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><creator>Allen-Morley, Carole R. ; Coleman, D. C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Allen-Morley, Carole R. ; Coleman, D. C.</creatorcontrib><description>We tested three predictions of food web behavior: (1) inclusion of a third trophic level will reduce populations on the second trophic level, allowing species on the first trophic level to increase; (2) food chains with an odd number of trophic levels release nutrients to the environment at a slower rate than food chains with an even number of trophic levels;' (3) the longer the food chain, or more complex the food web, the longer the community will take to recover from disturbance. Bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. maltophilia, P. paucimobilis, P. stutzeri, and Alcaligenes sp.), and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) were used for the first trophic level, and nematodes were used for the second (Acrobeloides sp. and Aphelenchus avenae) and third (Mononchus tunbirdgensis) trophic levels. Microorganisms were assembled to form food chains and food webs of different structures in sterile-soil microcosms. The microcosms were designed to allow repeated sampling without losing sterility. Soil samples were removed every 2 wk for 3 mo, then either the experiment was terminated, or samples were taken less frequently. Carbon was added when each sample was taken and the soil removed for analyses was replenished in sterile soil. Population abundance, soil ammonium-nitrogen, and carbon dioxide were measured throughout the course of the experiments. Once constant population levels were established (days 30-40), the systems were frozen to -1@?C for 7 d. Sampling continued after the freeze for up to 100 d. The populations on the first trophic level were lower with increased food web complexity or food chain length, refuting the first predict ion. Net nitrogen mineralization and carbon release were greater with increased food web complexity, refuting the second prediction. We speculate that these results are closely linked to the organisms' generation times and species-specific traits, such as rapid grown following a stress (Acrobeloides sp.). Recovery after freezing was highly variable and was more a function of the species than of food web structure. Nutrient cycling and recovery from stress were more dependent upon the species that make up the community than upon the community structure itself.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/1941381</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: The Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>ACROBELOIDES ; ALCALIGENES ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; APHELENCHUS AVENAE ; Arid soils ; BACTERIA ; BACTERIE ; BIOLOGIA DEL SUELO ; Biological and medical sciences ; BIOLOGIE DU SOL ; BIOTA ; BIOTE ; Brackish water ecosystems ; CADENA ALIMENTARIA ; CARBON DIOXIDE ; CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE ; DINAMICA DE LA POBLACION ; DIOXIDO DE CARBONO ; DIOXYDE DE CARBONE ; DYNAMIQUE DES POPULATIONS ; Ecology ; Food chain ; FOOD CHAINS ; Food webs ; FROST ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Fungi ; FUSARIUM ; GEL ; GEORGIA ; GEORGIE ; HELADA ; METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE ; METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO ; Microcosms ; MINERALISATION ; MINERALIZACION ; MINERALIZATION ; MONONCHUS ; Nematoda ; NEMATODE ; NEMATODE DES PLANTES ; NEMATODES ; NEMATODOS ; NEMATODOS DE LAS PLANTAS ; Nitrogen ; NITROGEN METABOLISM ; PLANT NEMATODES ; POPULATION DYNAMICS ; PSEUDOMONAS ; RESISTANCE A LA TEMPERATURE ; RESISTENCIA A LA TEMPERATURA ; SOIL BIOLOGY ; Soil ecology ; Soil food webs ; Soils ; Synecology ; TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE ; Trophic levels</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 1989-08, Vol.70 (4), p.1127-1141</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1989 The Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>1989 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>1991 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Aug 1989</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4977-d245d30c6aff577cdd5333724b5301c3dfb55eaa61cebb32863222e784c4b98e3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1941381$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/1941381$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,801,27852,27907,27908,58000,58233</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19555464$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Allen-Morley, Carole R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coleman, D. C.</creatorcontrib><title>Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><description>We tested three predictions of food web behavior: (1) inclusion of a third trophic level will reduce populations on the second trophic level, allowing species on the first trophic level to increase; (2) food chains with an odd number of trophic levels release nutrients to the environment at a slower rate than food chains with an even number of trophic levels;' (3) the longer the food chain, or more complex the food web, the longer the community will take to recover from disturbance. Bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. maltophilia, P. paucimobilis, P. stutzeri, and Alcaligenes sp.), and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) were used for the first trophic level, and nematodes were used for the second (Acrobeloides sp. and Aphelenchus avenae) and third (Mononchus tunbirdgensis) trophic levels. Microorganisms were assembled to form food chains and food webs of different structures in sterile-soil microcosms. The microcosms were designed to allow repeated sampling without losing sterility. Soil samples were removed every 2 wk for 3 mo, then either the experiment was terminated, or samples were taken less frequently. Carbon was added when each sample was taken and the soil removed for analyses was replenished in sterile soil. Population abundance, soil ammonium-nitrogen, and carbon dioxide were measured throughout the course of the experiments. Once constant population levels were established (days 30-40), the systems were frozen to -1@?C for 7 d. Sampling continued after the freeze for up to 100 d. The populations on the first trophic level were lower with increased food web complexity or food chain length, refuting the first predict ion. Net nitrogen mineralization and carbon release were greater with increased food web complexity, refuting the second prediction. We speculate that these results are closely linked to the organisms' generation times and species-specific traits, such as rapid grown following a stress (Acrobeloides sp.). Recovery after freezing was highly variable and was more a function of the species than of food web structure. Nutrient cycling and recovery from stress were more dependent upon the species that make up the community than upon the community structure itself.</description><subject>ACROBELOIDES</subject><subject>ALCALIGENES</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>APHELENCHUS AVENAE</subject><subject>Arid soils</subject><subject>BACTERIA</subject><subject>BACTERIE</subject><subject>BIOLOGIA DEL SUELO</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BIOLOGIE DU SOL</subject><subject>BIOTA</subject><subject>BIOTE</subject><subject>Brackish water ecosystems</subject><subject>CADENA ALIMENTARIA</subject><subject>CARBON DIOXIDE</subject><subject>CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE</subject><subject>DINAMICA DE LA POBLACION</subject><subject>DIOXIDO DE CARBONO</subject><subject>DIOXYDE DE CARBONE</subject><subject>DYNAMIQUE DES POPULATIONS</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Food chain</subject><subject>FOOD CHAINS</subject><subject>Food webs</subject><subject>FROST</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>FUSARIUM</subject><subject>GEL</subject><subject>GEORGIA</subject><subject>GEORGIE</subject><subject>HELADA</subject><subject>METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE</subject><subject>METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO</subject><subject>Microcosms</subject><subject>MINERALISATION</subject><subject>MINERALIZACION</subject><subject>MINERALIZATION</subject><subject>MONONCHUS</subject><subject>Nematoda</subject><subject>NEMATODE</subject><subject>NEMATODE DES PLANTES</subject><subject>NEMATODES</subject><subject>NEMATODOS</subject><subject>NEMATODOS DE LAS PLANTAS</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>NITROGEN METABOLISM</subject><subject>PLANT NEMATODES</subject><subject>POPULATION DYNAMICS</subject><subject>PSEUDOMONAS</subject><subject>RESISTANCE A LA TEMPERATURE</subject><subject>RESISTENCIA A LA TEMPERATURA</subject><subject>SOIL BIOLOGY</subject><subject>Soil ecology</subject><subject>Soil food webs</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE</subject><subject>Trophic levels</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>K30</sourceid><recordid>eNp90M9rFTEQB_AgCj6rePcU1OppNZMfm-Qoj7YKBUHtwVPIZiclj-3mmeyz1L_eyD4QhDqXuXzmy5ch5Dmwd1ww_R6sBGHgAdmAFbazoNlDsmEMeGd7ZR6TJ7XuWBuQZkMuvmBNU8I5IM2R1pwmOqS8eJpm-tOXlA-VxpxHeotDpUumsSD-SvM13WNZDmXwS8pzfUoeRT9VfHbcJ-Tq_Ozb9mN3-fni0_bDZRek1bobuVSjYKH3MSqtwzgqIYTmclCCQRBjHJRC73sIOAyCm15wzlEbGeRgDYoT8mbN3Zf844B1cTepBpwmP2Or6kBx3SupGnz5D9zlQ5lbN8fBWCuFNg29ug8Bt72Usue2qberCiXXWjC6fUk3vtw5YO7Pz93x502eHvN8DX6Kxc8h1b_cKqVkL5sTq7tNE97dF-fOtt_BGquZBOC6Xb1er3Z1yeU_JV6sLPrs_HVpBa6-WsaENVL8Bkx3oDs</recordid><startdate>198908</startdate><enddate>198908</enddate><creator>Allen-Morley, Carole R.</creator><creator>Coleman, D. C.</creator><general>The Ecological Society of America</general><general>Ecological Society of America</general><general>Brooklyn Botanic Garden, etc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>FIXVA</scope><scope>FKUCP</scope><scope>IOIBA</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>198908</creationdate><title>Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations</title><author>Allen-Morley, Carole R. ; Coleman, D. C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4977-d245d30c6aff577cdd5333724b5301c3dfb55eaa61cebb32863222e784c4b98e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>ACROBELOIDES</topic><topic>ALCALIGENES</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>APHELENCHUS AVENAE</topic><topic>Arid soils</topic><topic>BACTERIA</topic><topic>BACTERIE</topic><topic>BIOLOGIA DEL SUELO</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BIOLOGIE DU SOL</topic><topic>BIOTA</topic><topic>BIOTE</topic><topic>Brackish water ecosystems</topic><topic>CADENA ALIMENTARIA</topic><topic>CARBON DIOXIDE</topic><topic>CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE</topic><topic>DINAMICA DE LA POBLACION</topic><topic>DIOXIDO DE CARBONO</topic><topic>DIOXYDE DE CARBONE</topic><topic>DYNAMIQUE DES POPULATIONS</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Food chain</topic><topic>FOOD CHAINS</topic><topic>Food webs</topic><topic>FROST</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>FUSARIUM</topic><topic>GEL</topic><topic>GEORGIA</topic><topic>GEORGIE</topic><topic>HELADA</topic><topic>METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE</topic><topic>METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO</topic><topic>Microcosms</topic><topic>MINERALISATION</topic><topic>MINERALIZACION</topic><topic>MINERALIZATION</topic><topic>MONONCHUS</topic><topic>Nematoda</topic><topic>NEMATODE</topic><topic>NEMATODE DES PLANTES</topic><topic>NEMATODES</topic><topic>NEMATODOS</topic><topic>NEMATODOS DE LAS PLANTAS</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>NITROGEN METABOLISM</topic><topic>PLANT NEMATODES</topic><topic>POPULATION DYNAMICS</topic><topic>PSEUDOMONAS</topic><topic>RESISTANCE A LA TEMPERATURE</topic><topic>RESISTENCIA A LA TEMPERATURA</topic><topic>SOIL BIOLOGY</topic><topic>Soil ecology</topic><topic>Soil food webs</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE</topic><topic>Trophic levels</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Allen-Morley, Carole R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coleman, D. C.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 03</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 04</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 29</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Allen-Morley, Carole R.</au><au>Coleman, D. C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><date>1989-08</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1127</spage><epage>1141</epage><pages>1127-1141</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>We tested three predictions of food web behavior: (1) inclusion of a third trophic level will reduce populations on the second trophic level, allowing species on the first trophic level to increase; (2) food chains with an odd number of trophic levels release nutrients to the environment at a slower rate than food chains with an even number of trophic levels;' (3) the longer the food chain, or more complex the food web, the longer the community will take to recover from disturbance. Bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. maltophilia, P. paucimobilis, P. stutzeri, and Alcaligenes sp.), and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) were used for the first trophic level, and nematodes were used for the second (Acrobeloides sp. and Aphelenchus avenae) and third (Mononchus tunbirdgensis) trophic levels. Microorganisms were assembled to form food chains and food webs of different structures in sterile-soil microcosms. The microcosms were designed to allow repeated sampling without losing sterility. Soil samples were removed every 2 wk for 3 mo, then either the experiment was terminated, or samples were taken less frequently. Carbon was added when each sample was taken and the soil removed for analyses was replenished in sterile soil. Population abundance, soil ammonium-nitrogen, and carbon dioxide were measured throughout the course of the experiments. Once constant population levels were established (days 30-40), the systems were frozen to -1@?C for 7 d. Sampling continued after the freeze for up to 100 d. The populations on the first trophic level were lower with increased food web complexity or food chain length, refuting the first predict ion. Net nitrogen mineralization and carbon release were greater with increased food web complexity, refuting the second prediction. We speculate that these results are closely linked to the organisms' generation times and species-specific traits, such as rapid grown following a stress (Acrobeloides sp.). Recovery after freezing was highly variable and was more a function of the species than of food web structure. Nutrient cycling and recovery from stress were more dependent upon the species that make up the community than upon the community structure itself.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>The Ecological Society of America</pub><doi>10.2307/1941381</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-9658 |
| ispartof | Ecology (Durham), 1989-08, Vol.70 (4), p.1127-1141 |
| issn | 0012-9658 1939-9170 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_15276545 |
| source | Periodicals Index Online; Jstor Complete Legacy |
| subjects | ACROBELOIDES ALCALIGENES Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology APHELENCHUS AVENAE Arid soils BACTERIA BACTERIE BIOLOGIA DEL SUELO Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGIE DU SOL BIOTA BIOTE Brackish water ecosystems CADENA ALIMENTARIA CARBON DIOXIDE CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE DINAMICA DE LA POBLACION DIOXIDO DE CARBONO DIOXYDE DE CARBONE DYNAMIQUE DES POPULATIONS Ecology Food chain FOOD CHAINS Food webs FROST Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungi FUSARIUM GEL GEORGIA GEORGIE HELADA METABOLISME DE L'AZOTE METABOLISMO DEL NITROGENO Microcosms MINERALISATION MINERALIZACION MINERALIZATION MONONCHUS Nematoda NEMATODE NEMATODE DES PLANTES NEMATODES NEMATODOS NEMATODOS DE LAS PLANTAS Nitrogen NITROGEN METABOLISM PLANT NEMATODES POPULATION DYNAMICS PSEUDOMONAS RESISTANCE A LA TEMPERATURE RESISTENCIA A LA TEMPERATURA SOIL BIOLOGY Soil ecology Soil food webs Soils Synecology TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE Trophic levels |
| title | Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-17T00%3A47%3A27IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Resilience%20of%20soil%20biota%20in%20various%20food%20webs%20to%20freezing%20perturbations&rft.jtitle=Ecology%20(Durham)&rft.au=Allen-Morley,%20Carole%20R.&rft.date=1989-08&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1127&rft.epage=1141&rft.pages=1127-1141&rft.issn=0012-9658&rft.eissn=1939-9170&rft.coden=ECGYAQ&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307/1941381&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E1941381%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1296444629&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_jstor_id=1941381&rfr_iscdi=true |