Reproductive responses of the endangered snail kite to variations in prey density
Understanding how predators respond to fluctuations in prey density has important conservation and management implications, particularly for threatened and endangered specialists. However, directly linking prey densities to predator behavior and demography over broad spatial and temporal scales is r...
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description | Understanding how predators respond to fluctuations in prey density has important conservation and management implications, particularly for threatened and endangered specialists. However, directly linking prey densities to predator behavior and demography over broad spatial and temporal scales is rare, in part, because it can be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming to quantify prey density over large areas. We link nesting data collected by a long-term monitoring program for the endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) with 44 density estimates of its primary prey, the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), collected by multiple, smaller-scale studies from 2002 to 2010. We found evidence that key components of kite breeding biology—nest density and the number of young fledged per successful nest—were positively related to snail density. Although previous studies have shown that densities greater than approximately 0.1-0.2 snails/m², may be necessary to sustain profitable foraging and that capture times for individual foraging kites begin to level off as snail densities exceed approximately 0.4 snails/m², we found continued numerical responses in snail kite reproductive parameters at greater snail densities. At occupied sites (i. e., snail-sampling sites in which ≥ 1 snail kite nest was present within a 2-km radius during the primary sampling period: Mar-May), the average snail density was 0.45 snails/m² (SE = 0.12, n = 17), whereas that of unoccupied sites was 0.12 snails/m² (SE = 0.02, n = 27). Along the snail density gradient from 0.2 to 0.4 to 1.2 snails/m², model predictions indicated that 1) the probability of site occupancy (by nesting kites) increased from 0.48 to 0.69 to 0.90,2) local nest abundance of occupied sites increased from 4 to 7 to 16 nests, and 3) the probability of a successful nesting attempt fledging more than 1 young increased from 0.02 to 0.07 to 0.43. We found no evidence of a snail density effect on nest survival. Understanding the differential effects of snail density on various components of snail kite breeding biology is essential to the development and implementation of management tools used for snail kite conservation and Everglades restoration. Published 2014. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jwmg.706 |
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However, directly linking prey densities to predator behavior and demography over broad spatial and temporal scales is rare, in part, because it can be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming to quantify prey density over large areas. We link nesting data collected by a long-term monitoring program for the endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) with 44 density estimates of its primary prey, the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), collected by multiple, smaller-scale studies from 2002 to 2010. We found evidence that key components of kite breeding biology—nest density and the number of young fledged per successful nest—were positively related to snail density. Although previous studies have shown that densities greater than approximately 0.1-0.2 snails/m², may be necessary to sustain profitable foraging and that capture times for individual foraging kites begin to level off as snail densities exceed approximately 0.4 snails/m², we found continued numerical responses in snail kite reproductive parameters at greater snail densities. At occupied sites (i. e., snail-sampling sites in which ≥ 1 snail kite nest was present within a 2-km radius during the primary sampling period: Mar-May), the average snail density was 0.45 snails/m² (SE = 0.12, n = 17), whereas that of unoccupied sites was 0.12 snails/m² (SE = 0.02, n = 27). Along the snail density gradient from 0.2 to 0.4 to 1.2 snails/m², model predictions indicated that 1) the probability of site occupancy (by nesting kites) increased from 0.48 to 0.69 to 0.90,2) local nest abundance of occupied sites increased from 4 to 7 to 16 nests, and 3) the probability of a successful nesting attempt fledging more than 1 young increased from 0.02 to 0.07 to 0.43. We found no evidence of a snail density effect on nest survival. Understanding the differential effects of snail density on various components of snail kite breeding biology is essential to the development and implementation of management tools used for snail kite conservation and Everglades restoration. Published 2014. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-541X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-2817</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.706</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JWMAA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animal nesting ; Animal reproduction ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; apple snail ; Applied ecology ; Aves ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bird nesting ; Birds ; Conservation biology ; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife ; Demography ; Endangered & extinct species ; Everglades ; Florida ; Foraging ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Invertebrates ; Management tools ; Mollusca ; Nesting ; numerical response ; Pomacea paludosa ; Population Ecology ; Predation ; Predators ; Prey ; prey density ; Rostrhamus sociabilis ; Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus ; snail kite ; Snails ; specialist predator ; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution ; Water depth ; Wetlands ; Wildlife conservation ; Wildlife ecology ; Wildlife management</subject><ispartof>The Journal of wildlife management, 2014-05, Vol.78 (4), p.620-631</ispartof><rights>Copyright© 2014 The Wildlife Society</rights><rights>Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4166-8cafcc6d2b0f59571594b6a2009b8bcd5b328344f20fb32d56cd0990dfdc00473</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4166-8cafcc6d2b0f59571594b6a2009b8bcd5b328344f20fb32d56cd0990dfdc00473</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43188187$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/43188187$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28495242$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cattau, Christopher E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darby, Philip C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fletcher JR, Robert J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitchens, Wiley M.</creatorcontrib><title>Reproductive responses of the endangered snail kite to variations in prey density</title><title>The Journal of wildlife management</title><addtitle>Jour. Wild. Mgmt</addtitle><description>Understanding how predators respond to fluctuations in prey density has important conservation and management implications, particularly for threatened and endangered specialists. However, directly linking prey densities to predator behavior and demography over broad spatial and temporal scales is rare, in part, because it can be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming to quantify prey density over large areas. We link nesting data collected by a long-term monitoring program for the endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) with 44 density estimates of its primary prey, the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), collected by multiple, smaller-scale studies from 2002 to 2010. We found evidence that key components of kite breeding biology—nest density and the number of young fledged per successful nest—were positively related to snail density. Although previous studies have shown that densities greater than approximately 0.1-0.2 snails/m², may be necessary to sustain profitable foraging and that capture times for individual foraging kites begin to level off as snail densities exceed approximately 0.4 snails/m², we found continued numerical responses in snail kite reproductive parameters at greater snail densities. At occupied sites (i. e., snail-sampling sites in which ≥ 1 snail kite nest was present within a 2-km radius during the primary sampling period: Mar-May), the average snail density was 0.45 snails/m² (SE = 0.12, n = 17), whereas that of unoccupied sites was 0.12 snails/m² (SE = 0.02, n = 27). Along the snail density gradient from 0.2 to 0.4 to 1.2 snails/m², model predictions indicated that 1) the probability of site occupancy (by nesting kites) increased from 0.48 to 0.69 to 0.90,2) local nest abundance of occupied sites increased from 4 to 7 to 16 nests, and 3) the probability of a successful nesting attempt fledging more than 1 young increased from 0.02 to 0.07 to 0.43. We found no evidence of a snail density effect on nest survival. Understanding the differential effects of snail density on various components of snail kite breeding biology is essential to the development and implementation of management tools used for snail kite conservation and Everglades restoration. Published 2014. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</description><subject>Animal nesting</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>apple snail</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Aves</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bird nesting</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Conservation biology</subject><subject>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Endangered & extinct species</subject><subject>Everglades</subject><subject>Florida</subject><subject>Foraging</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Management tools</subject><subject>Mollusca</subject><subject>Nesting</subject><subject>numerical response</subject><subject>Pomacea paludosa</subject><subject>Population Ecology</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>prey density</subject><subject>Rostrhamus sociabilis</subject><subject>Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus</subject><subject>snail kite</subject><subject>Snails</subject><subject>specialist predator</subject><subject>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><subject>Wetlands</subject><subject>Wildlife conservation</subject><subject>Wildlife ecology</subject><subject>Wildlife management</subject><issn>0022-541X</issn><issn>1937-2817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10F2LEzEUBuAgCtZV8A8IARG8mTWfM5lLKVotVXFR1ruQSU7WdKeZbpLu2n9vSpcuCF4lcB7enLwIvaTknBLC3q3vNlfnHWkfoRntedcwRbvHaFZHrJGC_nqKnuW8JoRTqtoZ-n4B2zS5nS3hFnCCvJ1ihownj8tvwBCdiVeQwOEcTRjxdSiAy4RvTQqmhIpxiHibYI8dxBzK_jl64s2Y4cX9eYZ-fvzwY_6pWX1bfJ6_XzVW0LZtlDXe2taxgXjZy47KXgytYYT0gxqskwNnigvhGfH16mRrHel74ryzhIiOn6G3x9y6_80OctGbkC2Mo4kw7bKmkgnBWNvxSl__Q9fTLsW6XVW1hoPhD4E2TTkn8HqbwsakvaZEH7rVh2517bbSN_eBJlsz-mSiDfnkmRJ9fZ1V1xzdXRhh_988vbz8sjjmvjr6dS5TOnnBqVJUdQ95IRf4c5qbdK3rHzqpL78u9HIp2MViLvWK_wX9faCH</recordid><startdate>201405</startdate><enddate>201405</enddate><creator>Cattau, Christopher E.</creator><creator>Darby, Philip C.</creator><creator>Fletcher JR, Robert J.</creator><creator>Kitchens, Wiley M.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>Wildlife Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201405</creationdate><title>Reproductive responses of the endangered snail kite to variations in prey density</title><author>Cattau, Christopher E. ; Darby, Philip C. ; Fletcher JR, Robert J. ; Kitchens, Wiley M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4166-8cafcc6d2b0f59571594b6a2009b8bcd5b328344f20fb32d56cd0990dfdc00473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animal nesting</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>apple snail</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Aves</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bird nesting</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Conservation biology</topic><topic>Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Endangered & extinct species</topic><topic>Everglades</topic><topic>Florida</topic><topic>Foraging</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Management tools</topic><topic>Mollusca</topic><topic>Nesting</topic><topic>numerical response</topic><topic>Pomacea paludosa</topic><topic>Population Ecology</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Predators</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>prey density</topic><topic>Rostrhamus sociabilis</topic><topic>Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus</topic><topic>snail kite</topic><topic>Snails</topic><topic>specialist predator</topic><topic>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</topic><topic>Water depth</topic><topic>Wetlands</topic><topic>Wildlife conservation</topic><topic>Wildlife ecology</topic><topic>Wildlife management</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cattau, Christopher E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darby, Philip C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fletcher JR, Robert J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitchens, Wiley M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cattau, Christopher E.</au><au>Darby, Philip C.</au><au>Fletcher JR, Robert J.</au><au>Kitchens, Wiley M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reproductive responses of the endangered snail kite to variations in prey density</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle><addtitle>Jour. Wild. Mgmt</addtitle><date>2014-05</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>78</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>620</spage><epage>631</epage><pages>620-631</pages><issn>0022-541X</issn><eissn>1937-2817</eissn><coden>JWMAA9</coden><abstract>Understanding how predators respond to fluctuations in prey density has important conservation and management implications, particularly for threatened and endangered specialists. However, directly linking prey densities to predator behavior and demography over broad spatial and temporal scales is rare, in part, because it can be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming to quantify prey density over large areas. We link nesting data collected by a long-term monitoring program for the endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) with 44 density estimates of its primary prey, the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), collected by multiple, smaller-scale studies from 2002 to 2010. We found evidence that key components of kite breeding biology—nest density and the number of young fledged per successful nest—were positively related to snail density. Although previous studies have shown that densities greater than approximately 0.1-0.2 snails/m², may be necessary to sustain profitable foraging and that capture times for individual foraging kites begin to level off as snail densities exceed approximately 0.4 snails/m², we found continued numerical responses in snail kite reproductive parameters at greater snail densities. At occupied sites (i. e., snail-sampling sites in which ≥ 1 snail kite nest was present within a 2-km radius during the primary sampling period: Mar-May), the average snail density was 0.45 snails/m² (SE = 0.12, n = 17), whereas that of unoccupied sites was 0.12 snails/m² (SE = 0.02, n = 27). Along the snail density gradient from 0.2 to 0.4 to 1.2 snails/m², model predictions indicated that 1) the probability of site occupancy (by nesting kites) increased from 0.48 to 0.69 to 0.90,2) local nest abundance of occupied sites increased from 4 to 7 to 16 nests, and 3) the probability of a successful nesting attempt fledging more than 1 young increased from 0.02 to 0.07 to 0.43. We found no evidence of a snail density effect on nest survival. Understanding the differential effects of snail density on various components of snail kite breeding biology is essential to the development and implementation of management tools used for snail kite conservation and Everglades restoration. Published 2014. This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/jwmg.706</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal nesting Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology apple snail Applied ecology Aves Biological and medical sciences Bird nesting Birds Conservation biology Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Demography Endangered & extinct species Everglades Florida Foraging Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Invertebrates Management tools Mollusca Nesting numerical response Pomacea paludosa Population Ecology Predation Predators Prey prey density Rostrhamus sociabilis Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus snail kite Snails specialist predator Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution Water depth Wetlands Wildlife conservation Wildlife ecology Wildlife management |
title | Reproductive responses of the endangered snail kite to variations in prey density |
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