Analysis of G‑Block Distributions and Their Impact on Gel Properties of in Vitro Epimerized Mannuronan
This paper reports a study of the distribution and function of homopolymeric guluronic acid blocks (G-blocks) in enzymatically modified alginate. High molecular weight mannuronan was incubated with one native (AlgE6) and two engineered G-block generating mannuronan C-5 epimerases (AlgE64 and EM1). T...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biomacromolecules 2013-10, Vol.14 (10), p.3409-3416 |
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| container_title | Biomacromolecules |
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| creator | Aarstad, Olav Strand, Berit Løkensgard Klepp-Andersen, Lise Mari Skjåk-Bræk, Gudmund |
| description | This paper reports a study of the distribution and function of homopolymeric guluronic acid blocks (G-blocks) in enzymatically modified alginate. High molecular weight mannuronan was incubated with one native (AlgE6) and two engineered G-block generating mannuronan C-5 epimerases (AlgE64 and EM1). These samples were found to contain G-blocks with a DP ranging from 20 to approximately 50, lacking the extremely long G-blocks (DP > 100) found in algal alginates. Calcium gels from epimerized materials were highly compressible and exhibited higher syneresis and rupture strength but lower Youngs modulus than gels made from algal polymers of similar G-content. Addition of extremely long G-blocks to the epimerized alginate resulted in decreased syneresis and rupture strength and an increased Young’s modulus that can be explained by reinforcement of the cross-linking zones at the cost of length and/or numbers of elastic segments. The presence and impact of these extremely long G-blocks found in natural alginates suggest that alginate gels can be viewed as a nanocomposite material. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/bm400658k |
| format | Article |
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High molecular weight mannuronan was incubated with one native (AlgE6) and two engineered G-block generating mannuronan C-5 epimerases (AlgE64 and EM1). These samples were found to contain G-blocks with a DP ranging from 20 to approximately 50, lacking the extremely long G-blocks (DP > 100) found in algal alginates. Calcium gels from epimerized materials were highly compressible and exhibited higher syneresis and rupture strength but lower Youngs modulus than gels made from algal polymers of similar G-content. Addition of extremely long G-blocks to the epimerized alginate resulted in decreased syneresis and rupture strength and an increased Young’s modulus that can be explained by reinforcement of the cross-linking zones at the cost of length and/or numbers of elastic segments. 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High molecular weight mannuronan was incubated with one native (AlgE6) and two engineered G-block generating mannuronan C-5 epimerases (AlgE64 and EM1). These samples were found to contain G-blocks with a DP ranging from 20 to approximately 50, lacking the extremely long G-blocks (DP > 100) found in algal alginates. Calcium gels from epimerized materials were highly compressible and exhibited higher syneresis and rupture strength but lower Youngs modulus than gels made from algal polymers of similar G-content. Addition of extremely long G-blocks to the epimerized alginate resulted in decreased syneresis and rupture strength and an increased Young’s modulus that can be explained by reinforcement of the cross-linking zones at the cost of length and/or numbers of elastic segments. The presence and impact of these extremely long G-blocks found in natural alginates suggest that alginate gels can be viewed as a nanocomposite material.</description><subject>Alginates - chemistry</subject><subject>Alginates - metabolism</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Carbohydrate Epimerases - metabolism</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Gels - chemistry</subject><subject>Gels - metabolism</subject><subject>Glucuronic Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Glucuronic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Hexuronic Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Hexuronic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Mannans - chemistry</subject><subject>Mannans - metabolism</subject><subject>Natural polymers</subject><subject>Physicochemistry of polymers</subject><subject>Starch and polysaccharides</subject><subject>Uronic Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Uronic Acids - metabolism</subject><issn>1525-7797</issn><issn>1526-4602</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0b9u1zAQB3ALUdFSGHgB5AUJhlDb5_jP2Jbyo1KrMhTW6OI4qtvEDnYylIlX4BV5EkL7o12QmO6Gz91J9yXkFWfvORP8oB0lY6o2N0_IHq-FqqRi4uldX1daW71LnpdyzRizIOtnZFeABV3Xao9cHUYcbksoNPV08-vHz6MhuRv6IZQ5h3aZQ4qFYuzo5ZUPmZ6OE7qZpkg3fqCfc5p8noO_mw6Rfg1zTvRkCqPP4bvv6DnGuOQUMb4gOz0Oxb_c1n3y5ePJ5fGn6uxic3p8eFYhaDNXzpleOw2ASuvWQY1OOARkzrqe69aAQt1ayWzLuVLQGQNOeexEKzojDOyTt_d7p5y-Lb7MzRiK88OA0aelNOtPpGSgLfyfSgmSGynESt_dU5dTKdn3zZTDiPm24az5k0HzkMFqX2_XLu3ouwf59-kreLMFWBwOfcboQnl02gBYYR8dutJcpyWvUZV_HPwNuf2a-w</recordid><startdate>20131014</startdate><enddate>20131014</enddate><creator>Aarstad, Olav</creator><creator>Strand, Berit Løkensgard</creator><creator>Klepp-Andersen, Lise Mari</creator><creator>Skjåk-Bræk, Gudmund</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131014</creationdate><title>Analysis of G‑Block Distributions and Their Impact on Gel Properties of in Vitro Epimerized Mannuronan</title><author>Aarstad, Olav ; Strand, Berit Løkensgard ; Klepp-Andersen, Lise Mari ; Skjåk-Bræk, Gudmund</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a378t-cc8f7c733a677bc35ac2ca3a0c9cf17b836a7b9409b11663d883c6ead2b2d8283</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Alginates - chemistry</topic><topic>Alginates - metabolism</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Carbohydrate Epimerases - metabolism</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Gels - chemistry</topic><topic>Gels - metabolism</topic><topic>Glucuronic Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Glucuronic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Hexuronic Acids - chemistry</topic><topic>Hexuronic Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Mannans - chemistry</topic><topic>Mannans - metabolism</topic><topic>Natural polymers</topic><topic>Physicochemistry of polymers</topic><topic>Starch and polysaccharides</topic><topic>Uronic Acids - chemistry</topic><topic>Uronic Acids - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Aarstad, Olav</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strand, Berit Løkensgard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klepp-Andersen, Lise Mari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skjåk-Bræk, Gudmund</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Biomacromolecules</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Aarstad, Olav</au><au>Strand, Berit Løkensgard</au><au>Klepp-Andersen, Lise Mari</au><au>Skjåk-Bræk, Gudmund</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Analysis of G‑Block Distributions and Their Impact on Gel Properties of in Vitro Epimerized Mannuronan</atitle><jtitle>Biomacromolecules</jtitle><addtitle>Biomacromolecules</addtitle><date>2013-10-14</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3409</spage><epage>3416</epage><pages>3409-3416</pages><issn>1525-7797</issn><eissn>1526-4602</eissn><abstract>This paper reports a study of the distribution and function of homopolymeric guluronic acid blocks (G-blocks) in enzymatically modified alginate. High molecular weight mannuronan was incubated with one native (AlgE6) and two engineered G-block generating mannuronan C-5 epimerases (AlgE64 and EM1). These samples were found to contain G-blocks with a DP ranging from 20 to approximately 50, lacking the extremely long G-blocks (DP > 100) found in algal alginates. Calcium gels from epimerized materials were highly compressible and exhibited higher syneresis and rupture strength but lower Youngs modulus than gels made from algal polymers of similar G-content. Addition of extremely long G-blocks to the epimerized alginate resulted in decreased syneresis and rupture strength and an increased Young’s modulus that can be explained by reinforcement of the cross-linking zones at the cost of length and/or numbers of elastic segments. 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| subjects | Alginates - chemistry Alginates - metabolism Applied sciences Carbohydrate Epimerases - metabolism Exact sciences and technology Gels - chemistry Gels - metabolism Glucuronic Acid - chemistry Glucuronic Acid - metabolism Hexuronic Acids - chemistry Hexuronic Acids - metabolism Mannans - chemistry Mannans - metabolism Natural polymers Physicochemistry of polymers Starch and polysaccharides Uronic Acids - chemistry Uronic Acids - metabolism |
| title | Analysis of G‑Block Distributions and Their Impact on Gel Properties of in Vitro Epimerized Mannuronan |
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