Pathologic effects of intracavitary irradiation with Californium-252
The effect of exposures of miniature swine to 252Cf afterloading tubes placed in the cervix uteri with a tandem applicator were compared with those effects resulting from 226Ra sources. Dosimetry for the adjacent normal tissues was established by surgically attaching thermolumuniscent dosimeters (TL...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol. Phys.; (United States) Biol. Phys.; (United States), 1980-12, Vol.6 (12), p.1613-1627 |
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| creator | Sullivan, Maurice F. Beamer, James L. Cross, Fred T. Lund, John E. Mahony, Thomas D. Endres, George W. Buschbom, Ray L. |
| description | The effect of exposures of miniature swine to
252Cf afterloading tubes placed in the cervix uteri with a tandem applicator were compared with those effects resulting from
226Ra sources. Dosimetry for the adjacent normal tissues was established by surgically attaching thermolumuniscent dosimeters (TLDs) at the various sites, as well as by theoretical calculation. Changes were observed in the rectum, urinary bladder, ureters and cervix as both early, 75 days, consequences of exposure. Although ureteral stricture was the most frequent complication, the consistency of response with dose did not permit calculation of a neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the ureters. However, changes in the other tissues (rectum, urinary bladder and uterine cervix) at risk in radiotherapy were used to calculate RBEs for both early and late complications. The overall value for early fibrosis was 4.34 ± 0.41. For late fibrosis the overall value was 6.73 ± 0.43, indicating that the repair potential of these tissues is not as good after neutron exposure. RBEs for vasculitis and muscle degeneration were similar. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0360-3016(80)90243-6 |
| format | Article |
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252Cf afterloading tubes placed in the cervix uteri with a tandem applicator were compared with those effects resulting from
226Ra sources. Dosimetry for the adjacent normal tissues was established by surgically attaching thermolumuniscent dosimeters (TLDs) at the various sites, as well as by theoretical calculation. Changes were observed in the rectum, urinary bladder, ureters and cervix as both early, <75 days, and late, >75 days, consequences of exposure. Although ureteral stricture was the most frequent complication, the consistency of response with dose did not permit calculation of a neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the ureters. However, changes in the other tissues (rectum, urinary bladder and uterine cervix) at risk in radiotherapy were used to calculate RBEs for both early and late complications. The overall value for early fibrosis was 4.34 ± 0.41. For late fibrosis the overall value was 6.73 ± 0.43, indicating that the repair potential of these tissues is not as good after neutron exposure. RBEs for vasculitis and muscle degeneration were similar.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0360-3016</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-355X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(80)90243-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7239979</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>ACTINIDE ISOTOPES ; ACTINIDE NUCLEI ; ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS ; ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES ; ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; ANIMALS ; ATROPHY ; BARYONS ; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ; BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS ; BLADDER ; BODY ; Brachytherapy - adverse effects ; Californium - adverse effects ; CALIFORNIUM 252 ; CALIFORNIUM ISOTOPES ; Cervix Uteri - radiation effects ; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS ; DELAYED RADIATION EFFECTS ; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ; DOMESTIC ANIMALS ; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS ; DOSEMETERS ; EARLY RADIATION EFFECTS ; ELEMENTARY PARTICLES ; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI ; FAST NEUTRONS ; Female ; FEMALE GENITALS ; FERMIONS ; FIBROSIS ; FLUORIDES ; FLUORINE COMPOUNDS ; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ; HADRONS ; HALIDES ; HALOGEN COMPOUNDS ; HEAVY NUCLEI ; IMPLANTS ; INTESTINES ; ISOTOPES ; KIDNEYS ; LARGE INTESTINE ; LITHIUM COMPOUNDS ; LITHIUM FLUORIDES ; LITHIUM HALIDES ; LUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS ; MAMMALS ; MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ; MINIATURE SWINE ; MUSCLES ; NECROSIS ; NEUTRONS ; NUCLEI ; NUCLEONS ; ORGANS ; PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ; Radiation Dosage ; RADIATION EFFECTS ; Radiation Injuries - etiology ; RADIATION SOURCE IMPLANTS ; RADIATION SOURCES ; RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT ; RADIOINDUCTION ; RADIOISOTOPES ; Radium ; RADIUM 226 ; RADIUM ISOTOPES ; RBE ; RECTUM ; Rectum - radiation effects ; Relative Biological Effectiveness ; Risk ; SWINE ; THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS ; Thermoluminescent Dosimetry ; Time Factors ; ULCERS ; Ureter - radiation effects ; URETERS ; Urinary Bladder - radiation effects ; URINARY TRACT ; Urogenital System - radiation effects ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - radiotherapy ; Uterine cervix ; UTERUS ; VERTEBRATES ; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES 560152 -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Animals</subject><ispartof>Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol. Phys.; (United States), 1980-12, Vol.6 (12), p.1613-1627</ispartof><rights>1980</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c330t-780a297121a0aab53e8c03be13150b07e855d0d0ce2a41d78b324cebcaf89ba83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c330t-780a297121a0aab53e8c03be13150b07e855d0d0ce2a41d78b324cebcaf89ba83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(80)90243-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7239979$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/6687618$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sullivan, Maurice F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beamer, James L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cross, Fred T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lund, John E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahony, Thomas D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Endres, George W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buschbom, Ray L.</creatorcontrib><title>Pathologic effects of intracavitary irradiation with Californium-252</title><title>Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol. Phys.; (United States)</title><addtitle>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</addtitle><description>The effect of exposures of miniature swine to
252Cf afterloading tubes placed in the cervix uteri with a tandem applicator were compared with those effects resulting from
226Ra sources. Dosimetry for the adjacent normal tissues was established by surgically attaching thermolumuniscent dosimeters (TLDs) at the various sites, as well as by theoretical calculation. Changes were observed in the rectum, urinary bladder, ureters and cervix as both early, <75 days, and late, >75 days, consequences of exposure. Although ureteral stricture was the most frequent complication, the consistency of response with dose did not permit calculation of a neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the ureters. However, changes in the other tissues (rectum, urinary bladder and uterine cervix) at risk in radiotherapy were used to calculate RBEs for both early and late complications. The overall value for early fibrosis was 4.34 ± 0.41. For late fibrosis the overall value was 6.73 ± 0.43, indicating that the repair potential of these tissues is not as good after neutron exposure. RBEs for vasculitis and muscle degeneration were similar.</description><subject>ACTINIDE ISOTOPES</subject><subject>ACTINIDE NUCLEI</subject><subject>ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES</subject><subject>ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>ANIMALS</subject><subject>ATROPHY</subject><subject>BARYONS</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS</subject><subject>BLADDER</subject><subject>BODY</subject><subject>Brachytherapy - adverse effects</subject><subject>Californium - adverse effects</subject><subject>CALIFORNIUM 252</subject><subject>CALIFORNIUM ISOTOPES</subject><subject>Cervix Uteri - radiation effects</subject><subject>COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS</subject><subject>DELAYED RADIATION EFFECTS</subject><subject>DIGESTIVE SYSTEM</subject><subject>DOMESTIC ANIMALS</subject><subject>DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS</subject><subject>DOSEMETERS</subject><subject>EARLY RADIATION EFFECTS</subject><subject>ELEMENTARY PARTICLES</subject><subject>EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI</subject><subject>FAST NEUTRONS</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>FEMALE GENITALS</subject><subject>FERMIONS</subject><subject>FIBROSIS</subject><subject>FLUORIDES</subject><subject>FLUORINE COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT</subject><subject>HADRONS</subject><subject>HALIDES</subject><subject>HALOGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>HEAVY NUCLEI</subject><subject>IMPLANTS</subject><subject>INTESTINES</subject><subject>ISOTOPES</subject><subject>KIDNEYS</subject><subject>LARGE INTESTINE</subject><subject>LITHIUM COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>LITHIUM FLUORIDES</subject><subject>LITHIUM HALIDES</subject><subject>LUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS</subject><subject>MAMMALS</subject><subject>MEASURING INSTRUMENTS</subject><subject>MINIATURE SWINE</subject><subject>MUSCLES</subject><subject>NECROSIS</subject><subject>NEUTRONS</subject><subject>NUCLEI</subject><subject>NUCLEONS</subject><subject>ORGANS</subject><subject>PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES</subject><subject>Radiation Dosage</subject><subject>RADIATION EFFECTS</subject><subject>Radiation Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>RADIATION SOURCE IMPLANTS</subject><subject>RADIATION SOURCES</subject><subject>RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT</subject><subject>RADIOINDUCTION</subject><subject>RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>Radium</subject><subject>RADIUM 226</subject><subject>RADIUM ISOTOPES</subject><subject>RBE</subject><subject>RECTUM</subject><subject>Rectum - radiation effects</subject><subject>Relative Biological Effectiveness</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>SWINE</subject><subject>THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS</subject><subject>Thermoluminescent Dosimetry</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>ULCERS</subject><subject>Ureter - radiation effects</subject><subject>URETERS</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder - radiation effects</subject><subject>URINARY TRACT</subject><subject>Urogenital System - radiation effects</subject><subject>Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - radiotherapy</subject><subject>Uterine cervix</subject><subject>UTERUS</subject><subject>VERTEBRATES</subject><subject>YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES 560152 -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Animals</subject><issn>0360-3016</issn><issn>1879-355X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1980</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouq7-A4XiQfRQnSRtk14EWT9B0IOCt5CmUzfSbTRJV_z3tu7i0dME5pmZNw8hBxTOKNDiHHgBKR9eJxJOS2AZT4sNMqFSlCnP89dNMvlDdshuCO8AQKnItsm2YLwsRTkhV086zl3r3qxJsGnQxJC4JrFd9NropY3afyfWe11bHa3rki8b58lMt7ZxvrP9ImU52yNbjW4D7q_rlLzcXD_P7tKHx9v72eVDajiHmAoJmpWCMqpB6yrnKA3wCimnOVQgUOZ5DTUYZDqjtZAVZ5nByuhGlpWWfEqOVntdiFYFYyOauXFdN8RWRSFFQUfoeAV9ePfZY4hqYYPBttUduj4omjNWUFEOYLYCjXcheGzUh7eL4b-KghoNq1GfGvUpCerXsCqGscP1_r5aYP03tFY69C9WfRxMLC36MSh2Bmvrx5y1s_8f-AHEpomY</recordid><startdate>198012</startdate><enddate>198012</enddate><creator>Sullivan, Maurice F.</creator><creator>Beamer, James L.</creator><creator>Cross, Fred T.</creator><creator>Lund, John E.</creator><creator>Mahony, Thomas D.</creator><creator>Endres, George W.</creator><creator>Buschbom, Ray L.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>198012</creationdate><title>Pathologic effects of intracavitary irradiation with Californium-252</title><author>Sullivan, Maurice F. ; Beamer, James L. ; Cross, Fred T. ; Lund, John E. ; Mahony, Thomas D. ; Endres, George W. ; Buschbom, Ray L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c330t-780a297121a0aab53e8c03be13150b07e855d0d0ce2a41d78b324cebcaf89ba83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1980</creationdate><topic>ACTINIDE ISOTOPES</topic><topic>ACTINIDE NUCLEI</topic><topic>ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES</topic><topic>ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>ANIMALS</topic><topic>ATROPHY</topic><topic>BARYONS</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS</topic><topic>BLADDER</topic><topic>BODY</topic><topic>Brachytherapy - adverse effects</topic><topic>Californium - adverse effects</topic><topic>CALIFORNIUM 252</topic><topic>CALIFORNIUM ISOTOPES</topic><topic>Cervix Uteri - radiation effects</topic><topic>COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS</topic><topic>DELAYED RADIATION EFFECTS</topic><topic>DIGESTIVE SYSTEM</topic><topic>DOMESTIC ANIMALS</topic><topic>DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS</topic><topic>DOSEMETERS</topic><topic>EARLY RADIATION EFFECTS</topic><topic>ELEMENTARY PARTICLES</topic><topic>EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI</topic><topic>FAST NEUTRONS</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>FEMALE GENITALS</topic><topic>FERMIONS</topic><topic>FIBROSIS</topic><topic>FLUORIDES</topic><topic>FLUORINE COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT</topic><topic>HADRONS</topic><topic>HALIDES</topic><topic>HALOGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>HEAVY NUCLEI</topic><topic>IMPLANTS</topic><topic>INTESTINES</topic><topic>ISOTOPES</topic><topic>KIDNEYS</topic><topic>LARGE INTESTINE</topic><topic>LITHIUM COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>LITHIUM FLUORIDES</topic><topic>LITHIUM HALIDES</topic><topic>LUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS</topic><topic>MAMMALS</topic><topic>MEASURING INSTRUMENTS</topic><topic>MINIATURE SWINE</topic><topic>MUSCLES</topic><topic>NECROSIS</topic><topic>NEUTRONS</topic><topic>NUCLEI</topic><topic>NUCLEONS</topic><topic>ORGANS</topic><topic>PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES</topic><topic>Radiation Dosage</topic><topic>RADIATION EFFECTS</topic><topic>Radiation Injuries - etiology</topic><topic>RADIATION SOURCE IMPLANTS</topic><topic>RADIATION SOURCES</topic><topic>RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT</topic><topic>RADIOINDUCTION</topic><topic>RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>Radium</topic><topic>RADIUM 226</topic><topic>RADIUM ISOTOPES</topic><topic>RBE</topic><topic>RECTUM</topic><topic>Rectum - radiation effects</topic><topic>Relative Biological Effectiveness</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>SWINE</topic><topic>THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS</topic><topic>Thermoluminescent Dosimetry</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>ULCERS</topic><topic>Ureter - radiation effects</topic><topic>URETERS</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder - radiation effects</topic><topic>URINARY TRACT</topic><topic>Urogenital System - radiation effects</topic><topic>Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - radiotherapy</topic><topic>Uterine cervix</topic><topic>UTERUS</topic><topic>VERTEBRATES</topic><topic>YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES 560152 -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Animals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sullivan, Maurice F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beamer, James L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cross, Fred T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lund, John E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahony, Thomas D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Endres, George W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buschbom, Ray L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol. Phys.; (United States)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sullivan, Maurice F.</au><au>Beamer, James L.</au><au>Cross, Fred T.</au><au>Lund, John E.</au><au>Mahony, Thomas D.</au><au>Endres, George W.</au><au>Buschbom, Ray L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pathologic effects of intracavitary irradiation with Californium-252</atitle><jtitle>Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol. Phys.; (United States)</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</addtitle><date>1980-12</date><risdate>1980</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1613</spage><epage>1627</epage><pages>1613-1627</pages><issn>0360-3016</issn><eissn>1879-355X</eissn><abstract>The effect of exposures of miniature swine to
252Cf afterloading tubes placed in the cervix uteri with a tandem applicator were compared with those effects resulting from
226Ra sources. Dosimetry for the adjacent normal tissues was established by surgically attaching thermolumuniscent dosimeters (TLDs) at the various sites, as well as by theoretical calculation. Changes were observed in the rectum, urinary bladder, ureters and cervix as both early, <75 days, and late, >75 days, consequences of exposure. Although ureteral stricture was the most frequent complication, the consistency of response with dose did not permit calculation of a neutron relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the ureters. However, changes in the other tissues (rectum, urinary bladder and uterine cervix) at risk in radiotherapy were used to calculate RBEs for both early and late complications. The overall value for early fibrosis was 4.34 ± 0.41. For late fibrosis the overall value was 6.73 ± 0.43, indicating that the repair potential of these tissues is not as good after neutron exposure. RBEs for vasculitis and muscle degeneration were similar.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>7239979</pmid><doi>10.1016/0360-3016(80)90243-6</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0360-3016 |
| ispartof | Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol. Phys.; (United States), 1980-12, Vol.6 (12), p.1613-1627 |
| issn | 0360-3016 1879-355X |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | ACTINIDE ISOTOPES ACTINIDE NUCLEI ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ANIMALS ATROPHY BARYONS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS BLADDER BODY Brachytherapy - adverse effects Californium - adverse effects CALIFORNIUM 252 CALIFORNIUM ISOTOPES Cervix Uteri - radiation effects COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS DELAYED RADIATION EFFECTS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DOMESTIC ANIMALS DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS DOSEMETERS EARLY RADIATION EFFECTS ELEMENTARY PARTICLES EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI FAST NEUTRONS Female FEMALE GENITALS FERMIONS FIBROSIS FLUORIDES FLUORINE COMPOUNDS GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT HADRONS HALIDES HALOGEN COMPOUNDS HEAVY NUCLEI IMPLANTS INTESTINES ISOTOPES KIDNEYS LARGE INTESTINE LITHIUM COMPOUNDS LITHIUM FLUORIDES LITHIUM HALIDES LUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS MAMMALS MEASURING INSTRUMENTS MINIATURE SWINE MUSCLES NECROSIS NEUTRONS NUCLEI NUCLEONS ORGANS PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES Radiation Dosage RADIATION EFFECTS Radiation Injuries - etiology RADIATION SOURCE IMPLANTS RADIATION SOURCES RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT RADIOINDUCTION RADIOISOTOPES Radium RADIUM 226 RADIUM ISOTOPES RBE RECTUM Rectum - radiation effects Relative Biological Effectiveness Risk SWINE THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSEMETERS Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Time Factors ULCERS Ureter - radiation effects URETERS Urinary Bladder - radiation effects URINARY TRACT Urogenital System - radiation effects Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - radiotherapy Uterine cervix UTERUS VERTEBRATES YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES 560152 -- Radiation Effects on Animals-- Animals |
| title | Pathologic effects of intracavitary irradiation with Californium-252 |
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