Seasonal accumulation of acetylated triacylglycerols by a freeze-tolerant insect
Most animals store energy as long-chain triacylglycerols (lcTAGs). Trace amounts of acetylated triacylglycerols (acTAGs) have been reported in animals, but are not accumulated, likely because they have lower energy density than lcTAGs. Here we report that acTAGs comprise 36% of the neutral lipid poo...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental biology 2014-05, Vol.217 (Pt 9), p.1580-1587 |
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creator | Marshall, Katie E Thomas, Raymond H Roxin, Aron Chen, Eric K Y Brown, Jason C L Gillies, Elizabeth R Sinclair, Brent J |
description | Most animals store energy as long-chain triacylglycerols (lcTAGs). Trace amounts of acetylated triacylglycerols (acTAGs) have been reported in animals, but are not accumulated, likely because they have lower energy density than lcTAGs. Here we report that acTAGs comprise 36% of the neutral lipid pool of overwintering prepupae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, while only 17% of the neutral lipid pool is made up of typical lcTAGs. These high concentrations of acTAGs, present only during winter, appear to be synthesized by E. solidaginis and are not found in other freeze-tolerant insects, nor in the plant host. The mixture of acTAGs found in E. solidaginis has a significantly lower melting point than equivalent lcTAGs, and thus remains liquid at temperatures at which E. solidaginis is frozen in the field, and depresses the melting point of aqueous solutions in a manner unusual for neutral lipids. We note that accumulation of acTAGs coincides with preparation for overwintering and the seasonal acquisition of freeze tolerance. This is the first observation of accumulation of acTAGs by an animal, and the first evidence of dynamic interconversion between acTAGs and lcTAGs during development and in response to stress. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1242/jeb.099838 |
format | Article |
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Trace amounts of acetylated triacylglycerols (acTAGs) have been reported in animals, but are not accumulated, likely because they have lower energy density than lcTAGs. Here we report that acTAGs comprise 36% of the neutral lipid pool of overwintering prepupae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, while only 17% of the neutral lipid pool is made up of typical lcTAGs. These high concentrations of acTAGs, present only during winter, appear to be synthesized by E. solidaginis and are not found in other freeze-tolerant insects, nor in the plant host. The mixture of acTAGs found in E. solidaginis has a significantly lower melting point than equivalent lcTAGs, and thus remains liquid at temperatures at which E. solidaginis is frozen in the field, and depresses the melting point of aqueous solutions in a manner unusual for neutral lipids. We note that accumulation of acTAGs coincides with preparation for overwintering and the seasonal acquisition of freeze tolerance. 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Trace amounts of acetylated triacylglycerols (acTAGs) have been reported in animals, but are not accumulated, likely because they have lower energy density than lcTAGs. Here we report that acTAGs comprise 36% of the neutral lipid pool of overwintering prepupae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, while only 17% of the neutral lipid pool is made up of typical lcTAGs. These high concentrations of acTAGs, present only during winter, appear to be synthesized by E. solidaginis and are not found in other freeze-tolerant insects, nor in the plant host. The mixture of acTAGs found in E. solidaginis has a significantly lower melting point than equivalent lcTAGs, and thus remains liquid at temperatures at which E. solidaginis is frozen in the field, and depresses the melting point of aqueous solutions in a manner unusual for neutral lipids. We note that accumulation of acTAGs coincides with preparation for overwintering and the seasonal acquisition of freeze tolerance. This is the first observation of accumulation of acTAGs by an animal, and the first evidence of dynamic interconversion between acTAGs and lcTAGs during development and in response to stress.</description><subject>Adaptation, Physiological</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Body Water - metabolism</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Larva - chemistry</subject><subject>Larva - metabolism</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Tephritidae - chemistry</subject><subject>Tephritidae - metabolism</subject><subject>Triglycerides - metabolism</subject><issn>0022-0949</issn><issn>1477-9145</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kEtLxDAUhYMozji68QdIlyJ0vEmfWcrgCwYU1HW5TW-lQ9qMSbqov95IR-_mcuDjcPgYu-Sw5iIVtzuq1yBlmZRHbMnTooglT7NjtgQQIgaZygU7c24H4fIsPWULkRYSOPAle30jdGZAHaFSYz9q9J0ZItOGTH4KkZrI2w7VpD_1pMga7aJ6ijBqLdE3xd5osjj4qBscKX_OTlrUji4Of8U-Hu7fN0_x9uXxeXO3jZUoCx8LFeZmOVcgm7ImBZyKtCkESORtkksQOZQ5R8VJSkU1YYNCtgkmYXcjIVmx67l3b83XSM5XfecUaY0DmdFVPBM8EVKUWUBvZlRZ45ylttrbrkc7VRyqX4NVMFjNBgN8degd656af_RPWfIDfphsYg</recordid><startdate>20140501</startdate><enddate>20140501</enddate><creator>Marshall, Katie E</creator><creator>Thomas, Raymond H</creator><creator>Roxin, Aron</creator><creator>Chen, Eric K Y</creator><creator>Brown, Jason C L</creator><creator>Gillies, Elizabeth R</creator><creator>Sinclair, Brent J</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140501</creationdate><title>Seasonal accumulation of acetylated triacylglycerols by a freeze-tolerant insect</title><author>Marshall, Katie E ; Thomas, Raymond H ; Roxin, Aron ; Chen, Eric K Y ; Brown, Jason C L ; Gillies, Elizabeth R ; Sinclair, Brent J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c287t-2c838561c09d8bec01e74d7209a1f3690260861ac1e99cebeada29f3a3010d903</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adaptation, Physiological</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Body Water - metabolism</topic><topic>Freezing</topic><topic>Larva - chemistry</topic><topic>Larva - metabolism</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Tephritidae - chemistry</topic><topic>Tephritidae - metabolism</topic><topic>Triglycerides - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Katie E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Raymond H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roxin, Aron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Eric K Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Jason C L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillies, Elizabeth R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sinclair, Brent J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of experimental biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marshall, Katie E</au><au>Thomas, Raymond H</au><au>Roxin, Aron</au><au>Chen, Eric K Y</au><au>Brown, Jason C L</au><au>Gillies, Elizabeth R</au><au>Sinclair, Brent J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seasonal accumulation of acetylated triacylglycerols by a freeze-tolerant insect</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental biology</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Biol</addtitle><date>2014-05-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>217</volume><issue>Pt 9</issue><spage>1580</spage><epage>1587</epage><pages>1580-1587</pages><issn>0022-0949</issn><eissn>1477-9145</eissn><abstract>Most animals store energy as long-chain triacylglycerols (lcTAGs). Trace amounts of acetylated triacylglycerols (acTAGs) have been reported in animals, but are not accumulated, likely because they have lower energy density than lcTAGs. Here we report that acTAGs comprise 36% of the neutral lipid pool of overwintering prepupae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, while only 17% of the neutral lipid pool is made up of typical lcTAGs. These high concentrations of acTAGs, present only during winter, appear to be synthesized by E. solidaginis and are not found in other freeze-tolerant insects, nor in the plant host. The mixture of acTAGs found in E. solidaginis has a significantly lower melting point than equivalent lcTAGs, and thus remains liquid at temperatures at which E. solidaginis is frozen in the field, and depresses the melting point of aqueous solutions in a manner unusual for neutral lipids. We note that accumulation of acTAGs coincides with preparation for overwintering and the seasonal acquisition of freeze tolerance. This is the first observation of accumulation of acTAGs by an animal, and the first evidence of dynamic interconversion between acTAGs and lcTAGs during development and in response to stress.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>24790101</pmid><doi>10.1242/jeb.099838</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adaptation, Physiological Animals Body Water - metabolism Freezing Larva - chemistry Larva - metabolism Seasons Tephritidae - chemistry Tephritidae - metabolism Triglycerides - metabolism |
title | Seasonal accumulation of acetylated triacylglycerols by a freeze-tolerant insect |
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