Anandamide deficiency and heightened neuropathic pain in aged mice
Damaging of peripheral nerves may result in chronic neuropathic pain for which the likelihood is increased in the elderly. We assessed in mice if age-dependent alterations of endocannabinoids contributed to the heightened vulnerability to neuropathic pain at old age. We assessed nociception, endocan...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Neuropharmacology 2013-08, Vol.71, p.204-215 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 215 |
---|---|
container_issue | |
container_start_page | 204 |
container_title | Neuropharmacology |
container_volume | 71 |
creator | Bishay, Philipp Häussler, Annett Lim, Hee-Young Oertel, Bruno Galve-Roperh, Ismael Ferreirós, Nerea Tegeder, Irmgard |
description | Damaging of peripheral nerves may result in chronic neuropathic pain for which the likelihood is increased in the elderly. We assessed in mice if age-dependent alterations of endocannabinoids contributed to the heightened vulnerability to neuropathic pain at old age. We assessed nociception, endocannabinoids and the therapeutic efficacy of R-flurbiprofen in young and aged mice in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. R-flurbiprofen was used because it is able to reduce neuropathic pain in young mice in part by increasing anandamide. Aged mice developed stronger nociceptive hypersensitivity after sciatic nerve injury than young mice. This was associated with low anandamide levels in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, thalamus and cortex, which further decreased after nerve injury. In aged mice, R-flurbiprofen had only weak antinociceptive efficacy and it failed to restore normal anandamide levels after nerve injury. In terms of the mechanisms, we found that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) which degrades anandamide, was upregulated after nerve injury at both ages, so that this upregulation likely did not account for the age-dependent differences. However, enzymes contributing to oxidative metabolism of anandamide, namely cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyp2D6, were increased in the brain of aged mice, possibly enhancing the oxidative breakdown of anandamide. This may overwhelm the capacity of R-flurbiprofen to restore anandamide homeostasis and may contribute to the heightened risk for neuropathic pain at old age.
•Old mice developed stronger pain after nerve injury than young mice.•Old mice had lower anandamide levels in the peripheral and central nervous system.•R-flurbiprofen failed to restore pathologically reduced anandamide in old mice.•R-flurbiprofen also failed to inhibit neuropathic pain in old mice.•Anandamide deficiency in old mice may be due to an increase of oxidative metabolism. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.021 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1520389689</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0028390813001172</els_id><sourcerecordid>1520389689</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-b6a000bb1962298237235878967644dc31e9f6483ee1afee180d39b51fbf8b723</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUlPwzAQhS0EomX5CyhHLinjJY59BMQmIXGBs-XYk9ZVkxQ7ReLf41KWI0hPtmR_M280j5CCwowClRfLWY-bOKwXNnYzBpTPIIvRPTKlquZlDVLskykAUyXXoCbkKKUlAAhF1SGZMF7pugI5JVeXve297YLHwmMbXMDevRf5rVhgmC9G7NEXOzc7LoIr1jb0RZad548uODwhB61dJTz9uo_Jy-3N8_V9-fh093B9-Vg6IWAsG2nzAE1DtWRMK8brPIWqlZa1FMI7TlG3UiiOSG2bDwWe66aibdOqJsPH5HzXdx2H1w2m0XQhOVytbI_DJhlaMeC5ndL_QCnjTGgm_0Z5VeWtUcEzqnaoi0NKEVuzjqGz8d1QMNtczNL85mK2uRjIYjSXnn25bJoO_U_hdxAZuNoBmDf4FjCa9BkF-hDRjcYP4W-XD-ieob0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1355481143</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Anandamide deficiency and heightened neuropathic pain in aged mice</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Bishay, Philipp ; Häussler, Annett ; Lim, Hee-Young ; Oertel, Bruno ; Galve-Roperh, Ismael ; Ferreirós, Nerea ; Tegeder, Irmgard</creator><creatorcontrib>Bishay, Philipp ; Häussler, Annett ; Lim, Hee-Young ; Oertel, Bruno ; Galve-Roperh, Ismael ; Ferreirós, Nerea ; Tegeder, Irmgard</creatorcontrib><description>Damaging of peripheral nerves may result in chronic neuropathic pain for which the likelihood is increased in the elderly. We assessed in mice if age-dependent alterations of endocannabinoids contributed to the heightened vulnerability to neuropathic pain at old age. We assessed nociception, endocannabinoids and the therapeutic efficacy of R-flurbiprofen in young and aged mice in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. R-flurbiprofen was used because it is able to reduce neuropathic pain in young mice in part by increasing anandamide. Aged mice developed stronger nociceptive hypersensitivity after sciatic nerve injury than young mice. This was associated with low anandamide levels in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, thalamus and cortex, which further decreased after nerve injury. In aged mice, R-flurbiprofen had only weak antinociceptive efficacy and it failed to restore normal anandamide levels after nerve injury. In terms of the mechanisms, we found that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) which degrades anandamide, was upregulated after nerve injury at both ages, so that this upregulation likely did not account for the age-dependent differences. However, enzymes contributing to oxidative metabolism of anandamide, namely cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyp2D6, were increased in the brain of aged mice, possibly enhancing the oxidative breakdown of anandamide. This may overwhelm the capacity of R-flurbiprofen to restore anandamide homeostasis and may contribute to the heightened risk for neuropathic pain at old age.
•Old mice developed stronger pain after nerve injury than young mice.•Old mice had lower anandamide levels in the peripheral and central nervous system.•R-flurbiprofen failed to restore pathologically reduced anandamide in old mice.•R-flurbiprofen also failed to inhibit neuropathic pain in old mice.•Anandamide deficiency in old mice may be due to an increase of oxidative metabolism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-3908</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7064</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23597506</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>2-Arachidonoylglycerol ; Age ; Aging ; Amidohydrolases - biosynthesis ; Amidohydrolases - metabolism ; Anandamide ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids - deficiency ; Arachidonic Acids - metabolism ; Behavior, Animal - drug effects ; Brain - drug effects ; Brain - growth & development ; Brain - metabolism ; Cannabinoid receptor ; Cyclooxygenase ; Cyclooxygenase 1 - biosynthesis ; Cyclooxygenase 1 - metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - blood ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - biosynthesis ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endocannabinoids ; Endocannabinoids - deficiency ; Endocannabinoids - metabolism ; Enzyme Induction ; Fatty acid amide hydrolase ; Flurbiprofen - blood ; Flurbiprofen - pharmacokinetics ; Flurbiprofen - therapeutic use ; Inhibitory control ; Male ; Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins - metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins - biosynthesis ; Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism ; Neuralgia - blood ; Neuralgia - drug therapy ; Neuralgia - etiology ; Neuralgia - metabolism ; Nociception ; Pain ; Peripheral Nerves - drug effects ; Peripheral Nerves - growth & development ; Peripheral Nerves - metabolism ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism ; R-flurbiprofen ; Spinal Cord - drug effects ; Spinal Cord - growth & development ; Spinal Cord - metabolism ; Stereoisomerism</subject><ispartof>Neuropharmacology, 2013-08, Vol.71, p.204-215</ispartof><rights>2013 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-b6a000bb1962298237235878967644dc31e9f6483ee1afee180d39b51fbf8b723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-b6a000bb1962298237235878967644dc31e9f6483ee1afee180d39b51fbf8b723</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390813001172$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23597506$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bishay, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Häussler, Annett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Hee-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oertel, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galve-Roperh, Ismael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreirós, Nerea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tegeder, Irmgard</creatorcontrib><title>Anandamide deficiency and heightened neuropathic pain in aged mice</title><title>Neuropharmacology</title><addtitle>Neuropharmacology</addtitle><description>Damaging of peripheral nerves may result in chronic neuropathic pain for which the likelihood is increased in the elderly. We assessed in mice if age-dependent alterations of endocannabinoids contributed to the heightened vulnerability to neuropathic pain at old age. We assessed nociception, endocannabinoids and the therapeutic efficacy of R-flurbiprofen in young and aged mice in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. R-flurbiprofen was used because it is able to reduce neuropathic pain in young mice in part by increasing anandamide. Aged mice developed stronger nociceptive hypersensitivity after sciatic nerve injury than young mice. This was associated with low anandamide levels in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, thalamus and cortex, which further decreased after nerve injury. In aged mice, R-flurbiprofen had only weak antinociceptive efficacy and it failed to restore normal anandamide levels after nerve injury. In terms of the mechanisms, we found that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) which degrades anandamide, was upregulated after nerve injury at both ages, so that this upregulation likely did not account for the age-dependent differences. However, enzymes contributing to oxidative metabolism of anandamide, namely cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyp2D6, were increased in the brain of aged mice, possibly enhancing the oxidative breakdown of anandamide. This may overwhelm the capacity of R-flurbiprofen to restore anandamide homeostasis and may contribute to the heightened risk for neuropathic pain at old age.
•Old mice developed stronger pain after nerve injury than young mice.•Old mice had lower anandamide levels in the peripheral and central nervous system.•R-flurbiprofen failed to restore pathologically reduced anandamide in old mice.•R-flurbiprofen also failed to inhibit neuropathic pain in old mice.•Anandamide deficiency in old mice may be due to an increase of oxidative metabolism.</description><subject>2-Arachidonoylglycerol</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Amidohydrolases - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Amidohydrolases - metabolism</subject><subject>Anandamide</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arachidonic Acids - deficiency</subject><subject>Arachidonic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</subject><subject>Brain - drug effects</subject><subject>Brain - growth & development</subject><subject>Brain - metabolism</subject><subject>Cannabinoid receptor</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase 1 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase 1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - blood</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - metabolism</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Endocannabinoids</subject><subject>Endocannabinoids - deficiency</subject><subject>Endocannabinoids - metabolism</subject><subject>Enzyme Induction</subject><subject>Fatty acid amide hydrolase</subject><subject>Flurbiprofen - blood</subject><subject>Flurbiprofen - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Flurbiprofen - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Inhibitory control</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Nerve Tissue Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Neuralgia - blood</subject><subject>Neuralgia - drug therapy</subject><subject>Neuralgia - etiology</subject><subject>Neuralgia - metabolism</subject><subject>Nociception</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Peripheral Nerves - drug effects</subject><subject>Peripheral Nerves - growth & development</subject><subject>Peripheral Nerves - metabolism</subject><subject>Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism</subject><subject>R-flurbiprofen</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - drug effects</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - growth & development</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - metabolism</subject><subject>Stereoisomerism</subject><issn>0028-3908</issn><issn>1873-7064</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUlPwzAQhS0EomX5CyhHLinjJY59BMQmIXGBs-XYk9ZVkxQ7ReLf41KWI0hPtmR_M280j5CCwowClRfLWY-bOKwXNnYzBpTPIIvRPTKlquZlDVLskykAUyXXoCbkKKUlAAhF1SGZMF7pugI5JVeXve297YLHwmMbXMDevRf5rVhgmC9G7NEXOzc7LoIr1jb0RZad548uODwhB61dJTz9uo_Jy-3N8_V9-fh093B9-Vg6IWAsG2nzAE1DtWRMK8brPIWqlZa1FMI7TlG3UiiOSG2bDwWe66aibdOqJsPH5HzXdx2H1w2m0XQhOVytbI_DJhlaMeC5ndL_QCnjTGgm_0Z5VeWtUcEzqnaoi0NKEVuzjqGz8d1QMNtczNL85mK2uRjIYjSXnn25bJoO_U_hdxAZuNoBmDf4FjCa9BkF-hDRjcYP4W-XD-ieob0</recordid><startdate>201308</startdate><enddate>201308</enddate><creator>Bishay, Philipp</creator><creator>Häussler, Annett</creator><creator>Lim, Hee-Young</creator><creator>Oertel, Bruno</creator><creator>Galve-Roperh, Ismael</creator><creator>Ferreirós, Nerea</creator><creator>Tegeder, Irmgard</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201308</creationdate><title>Anandamide deficiency and heightened neuropathic pain in aged mice</title><author>Bishay, Philipp ; Häussler, Annett ; Lim, Hee-Young ; Oertel, Bruno ; Galve-Roperh, Ismael ; Ferreirós, Nerea ; Tegeder, Irmgard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-b6a000bb1962298237235878967644dc31e9f6483ee1afee180d39b51fbf8b723</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>2-Arachidonoylglycerol</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Amidohydrolases - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Amidohydrolases - metabolism</topic><topic>Anandamide</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arachidonic Acids - deficiency</topic><topic>Arachidonic Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</topic><topic>Brain - drug effects</topic><topic>Brain - growth & development</topic><topic>Brain - metabolism</topic><topic>Cannabinoid receptor</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase 1 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase 1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - blood</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - metabolism</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Endocannabinoids</topic><topic>Endocannabinoids - deficiency</topic><topic>Endocannabinoids - metabolism</topic><topic>Enzyme Induction</topic><topic>Fatty acid amide hydrolase</topic><topic>Flurbiprofen - blood</topic><topic>Flurbiprofen - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Flurbiprofen - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Inhibitory control</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Nerve Tissue Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Neuralgia - blood</topic><topic>Neuralgia - drug therapy</topic><topic>Neuralgia - etiology</topic><topic>Neuralgia - metabolism</topic><topic>Nociception</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Peripheral Nerves - drug effects</topic><topic>Peripheral Nerves - growth & development</topic><topic>Peripheral Nerves - metabolism</topic><topic>Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism</topic><topic>R-flurbiprofen</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - drug effects</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - growth & development</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - metabolism</topic><topic>Stereoisomerism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bishay, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Häussler, Annett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Hee-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oertel, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galve-Roperh, Ismael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreirós, Nerea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tegeder, Irmgard</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Neuropharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bishay, Philipp</au><au>Häussler, Annett</au><au>Lim, Hee-Young</au><au>Oertel, Bruno</au><au>Galve-Roperh, Ismael</au><au>Ferreirós, Nerea</au><au>Tegeder, Irmgard</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anandamide deficiency and heightened neuropathic pain in aged mice</atitle><jtitle>Neuropharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Neuropharmacology</addtitle><date>2013-08</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>71</volume><spage>204</spage><epage>215</epage><pages>204-215</pages><issn>0028-3908</issn><eissn>1873-7064</eissn><abstract>Damaging of peripheral nerves may result in chronic neuropathic pain for which the likelihood is increased in the elderly. We assessed in mice if age-dependent alterations of endocannabinoids contributed to the heightened vulnerability to neuropathic pain at old age. We assessed nociception, endocannabinoids and the therapeutic efficacy of R-flurbiprofen in young and aged mice in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. R-flurbiprofen was used because it is able to reduce neuropathic pain in young mice in part by increasing anandamide. Aged mice developed stronger nociceptive hypersensitivity after sciatic nerve injury than young mice. This was associated with low anandamide levels in the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, thalamus and cortex, which further decreased after nerve injury. In aged mice, R-flurbiprofen had only weak antinociceptive efficacy and it failed to restore normal anandamide levels after nerve injury. In terms of the mechanisms, we found that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) which degrades anandamide, was upregulated after nerve injury at both ages, so that this upregulation likely did not account for the age-dependent differences. However, enzymes contributing to oxidative metabolism of anandamide, namely cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyp2D6, were increased in the brain of aged mice, possibly enhancing the oxidative breakdown of anandamide. This may overwhelm the capacity of R-flurbiprofen to restore anandamide homeostasis and may contribute to the heightened risk for neuropathic pain at old age.
•Old mice developed stronger pain after nerve injury than young mice.•Old mice had lower anandamide levels in the peripheral and central nervous system.•R-flurbiprofen failed to restore pathologically reduced anandamide in old mice.•R-flurbiprofen also failed to inhibit neuropathic pain in old mice.•Anandamide deficiency in old mice may be due to an increase of oxidative metabolism.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>23597506</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.021</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0028-3908 |
ispartof | Neuropharmacology, 2013-08, Vol.71, p.204-215 |
issn | 0028-3908 1873-7064 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1520389689 |
source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
subjects | 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Age Aging Amidohydrolases - biosynthesis Amidohydrolases - metabolism Anandamide Animals Arachidonic Acids - deficiency Arachidonic Acids - metabolism Behavior, Animal - drug effects Brain - drug effects Brain - growth & development Brain - metabolism Cannabinoid receptor Cyclooxygenase Cyclooxygenase 1 - biosynthesis Cyclooxygenase 1 - metabolism Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - blood Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - therapeutic use Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - biosynthesis Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - metabolism Disease Models, Animal Endocannabinoids Endocannabinoids - deficiency Endocannabinoids - metabolism Enzyme Induction Fatty acid amide hydrolase Flurbiprofen - blood Flurbiprofen - pharmacokinetics Flurbiprofen - therapeutic use Inhibitory control Male Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis Membrane Proteins - metabolism Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Nerve Tissue Proteins - biosynthesis Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism Neuralgia - blood Neuralgia - drug therapy Neuralgia - etiology Neuralgia - metabolism Nociception Pain Peripheral Nerves - drug effects Peripheral Nerves - growth & development Peripheral Nerves - metabolism Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism R-flurbiprofen Spinal Cord - drug effects Spinal Cord - growth & development Spinal Cord - metabolism Stereoisomerism |
title | Anandamide deficiency and heightened neuropathic pain in aged mice |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T01%3A45%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anandamide%20deficiency%20and%20heightened%20neuropathic%20pain%20in%20aged%20mice&rft.jtitle=Neuropharmacology&rft.au=Bishay,%20Philipp&rft.date=2013-08&rft.volume=71&rft.spage=204&rft.epage=215&rft.pages=204-215&rft.issn=0028-3908&rft.eissn=1873-7064&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.021&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1520389689%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1355481143&rft_id=info:pmid/23597506&rft_els_id=S0028390813001172&rfr_iscdi=true |