Evidence for a change in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection after nearly two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa
The hepatitis B vaccine has been part of the South African Expanded Program on Immunization since April 1995 but its long‐term impact remains unknown. This study tested 1,206 sera collected from patients aged 1–25 years from various health facilities across the country for HBV serological markers an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of medical virology 2014-06, Vol.86 (6), p.918-924 |
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| creator | Amponsah-Dacosta, Edina Lebelo, Ramokone L. Rakgole, J. Nare Burnett, Rosemary J. Selabe, Selokela G. Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey |
| description | The hepatitis B vaccine has been part of the South African Expanded Program on Immunization since April 1995 but its long‐term impact remains unknown. This study tested 1,206 sera collected from patients aged 1–25 years from various health facilities across the country for HBV serological markers and HBV DNA. Based on the year the vaccine was introduced, samples were stratified by age into pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations, which were then compared for evidence of immunity and chronic carriage using the Chi‐square test. Where HIV status was known, subset analyses were performed. Immunity to HBV infection increased from 13.0% in the pre‐ to 57.0% in the post‐vaccine introduction population (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jmv.23910 |
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Nare ; Burnett, Rosemary J. ; Selabe, Selokela G. ; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey</creator><creatorcontrib>Amponsah-Dacosta, Edina ; Lebelo, Ramokone L. ; Rakgole, J. Nare ; Burnett, Rosemary J. ; Selabe, Selokela G. ; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><description>The hepatitis B vaccine has been part of the South African Expanded Program on Immunization since April 1995 but its long‐term impact remains unknown. This study tested 1,206 sera collected from patients aged 1–25 years from various health facilities across the country for HBV serological markers and HBV DNA. Based on the year the vaccine was introduced, samples were stratified by age into pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations, which were then compared for evidence of immunity and chronic carriage using the Chi‐square test. Where HIV status was known, subset analyses were performed. Immunity to HBV infection increased from 13.0% in the pre‐ to 57.0% in the post‐vaccine introduction population (P < 0.001). This decreased with increasing age within the post‐vaccine introduction population (76.1% for 1–5 years, 50.0% for 6–10 years, and 46.3% for 11–16 years). In addition, HBV chronic carriage was significantly (P = 0.003) reduced in the post‐ (1.4%) compared to the pre‐vaccine introduction population (4.2%). The difference in prevalence of active HBV infection in the serologically exposed pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations was not statistically significant. Subset analyses showed that evidence of immunity was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the HIV negative compared to the HIV positive subset in both populations. Universal hepatitis B vaccination has been a remarkable success, with a significant increase in immunity to HBV infection. The observation that HBV chronic carriage increases as immunity wanes over time calls into question whether the time has come to consider a pre‐adolescence vaccine booster dose policy. J. Med. Virol. 86:918–924, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0146-6615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-9071</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23910</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24615635</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; booster dose ; Carrier State - epidemiology ; Carrier State - prevention & control ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; chronic carriage ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B - epidemiology ; Hepatitis B - prevention & control ; hepatitis B vaccine ; Hepatitis B Vaccines - administration & dosage ; Hepatitis B virus ; HIV Infections - complications ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; immunity ; Immunization ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; South Africa - epidemiology ; Vaccination - utilization ; Vaccines ; Virology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of medical virology, 2014-06, Vol.86 (6), p.918-924</ispartof><rights>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4240-9ac35acad32026cc1280470c44e0324f7e007a550b54d5177764a02ce024757f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4240-9ac35acad32026cc1280470c44e0324f7e007a550b54d5177764a02ce024757f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3913-0457</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjmv.23910$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjmv.23910$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,1414,27907,27908,45557,45558</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615635$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Amponsah-Dacosta, Edina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebelo, Ramokone L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rakgole, J. Nare</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burnett, Rosemary J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selabe, Selokela G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><title>Evidence for a change in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection after nearly two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa</title><title>Journal of medical virology</title><addtitle>J. Med. Virol</addtitle><description>The hepatitis B vaccine has been part of the South African Expanded Program on Immunization since April 1995 but its long‐term impact remains unknown. This study tested 1,206 sera collected from patients aged 1–25 years from various health facilities across the country for HBV serological markers and HBV DNA. Based on the year the vaccine was introduced, samples were stratified by age into pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations, which were then compared for evidence of immunity and chronic carriage using the Chi‐square test. Where HIV status was known, subset analyses were performed. Immunity to HBV infection increased from 13.0% in the pre‐ to 57.0% in the post‐vaccine introduction population (P < 0.001). This decreased with increasing age within the post‐vaccine introduction population (76.1% for 1–5 years, 50.0% for 6–10 years, and 46.3% for 11–16 years). In addition, HBV chronic carriage was significantly (P = 0.003) reduced in the post‐ (1.4%) compared to the pre‐vaccine introduction population (4.2%). The difference in prevalence of active HBV infection in the serologically exposed pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations was not statistically significant. Subset analyses showed that evidence of immunity was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the HIV negative compared to the HIV positive subset in both populations. Universal hepatitis B vaccination has been a remarkable success, with a significant increase in immunity to HBV infection. The observation that HBV chronic carriage increases as immunity wanes over time calls into question whether the time has come to consider a pre‐adolescence vaccine booster dose policy. J. Med. Virol. 86:918–924, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>booster dose</subject><subject>Carrier State - epidemiology</subject><subject>Carrier State - prevention & control</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>chronic carriage</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - prevention & control</subject><subject>hepatitis B vaccine</subject><subject>Hepatitis B Vaccines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>immunity</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>South Africa - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vaccination - utilization</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0146-6615</issn><issn>1096-9071</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkctuEzEUhi0EomlgwQsgS2xgMe3xPbNsqxKoCkhcytJynTONw2Qc7Jm0eRGeF6dpK4GExOpI9vd_R0c_IS8YHDAAfrhYrg-4qBk8IiMGta5qMOwxGQGTutKaqT2yn_MCACY150_JHpflUQs1Ir9O12GGnUfaxEQd9XPXXSENHe3nSHFVPpchtvFqQ2ND57hyfehDpsd0HdKQC9ig70PsqGt6TLRDl9oN7a8jnaF3M8zb3NCFNabs2j8NzvvQudt0WfglDv2cHjUpePeMPGlcm_H53RyTb29Pv568q84_Td-fHJ1XXnIJVe28UK6sERy49p7xCUgDXkoEwWVjEMA4peBSyZlixhgtHXCPwKVRphFj8nrnXaX4c8Dc22XIHtvWdRiHbJniICZK1fo_UCYl14Kpgr76C13EIXXlkC0lFOjtGJM3O8qnmHPCxq5SWLq0sQzstldberW3vRb25Z1xuFzi7IG8L7IAhzvgOrS4-bfJnn24uFdWu0TIPd48JFz6YbURRtnvH6f2bGrqC1MEn8Vvp6m6sw</recordid><startdate>201406</startdate><enddate>201406</enddate><creator>Amponsah-Dacosta, Edina</creator><creator>Lebelo, Ramokone L.</creator><creator>Rakgole, J. 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Nare ; Burnett, Rosemary J. ; Selabe, Selokela G. ; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4240-9ac35acad32026cc1280470c44e0324f7e007a550b54d5177764a02ce024757f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>booster dose</topic><topic>Carrier State - epidemiology</topic><topic>Carrier State - prevention & control</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>chronic carriage</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - prevention & control</topic><topic>hepatitis B vaccine</topic><topic>Hepatitis B Vaccines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus</topic><topic>HIV Infections - complications</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>immunity</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>South Africa - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vaccination - utilization</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amponsah-Dacosta, Edina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebelo, Ramokone L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rakgole, J. Nare</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burnett, Rosemary J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selabe, Selokela G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mphahlele, M. 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Nare</au><au>Burnett, Rosemary J.</au><au>Selabe, Selokela G.</au><au>Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evidence for a change in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection after nearly two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medical virology</jtitle><addtitle>J. Med. Virol</addtitle><date>2014-06</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>918</spage><epage>924</epage><pages>918-924</pages><issn>0146-6615</issn><eissn>1096-9071</eissn><abstract>The hepatitis B vaccine has been part of the South African Expanded Program on Immunization since April 1995 but its long‐term impact remains unknown. This study tested 1,206 sera collected from patients aged 1–25 years from various health facilities across the country for HBV serological markers and HBV DNA. Based on the year the vaccine was introduced, samples were stratified by age into pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations, which were then compared for evidence of immunity and chronic carriage using the Chi‐square test. Where HIV status was known, subset analyses were performed. Immunity to HBV infection increased from 13.0% in the pre‐ to 57.0% in the post‐vaccine introduction population (P < 0.001). This decreased with increasing age within the post‐vaccine introduction population (76.1% for 1–5 years, 50.0% for 6–10 years, and 46.3% for 11–16 years). In addition, HBV chronic carriage was significantly (P = 0.003) reduced in the post‐ (1.4%) compared to the pre‐vaccine introduction population (4.2%). The difference in prevalence of active HBV infection in the serologically exposed pre‐ and post‐vaccine introduction populations was not statistically significant. Subset analyses showed that evidence of immunity was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the HIV negative compared to the HIV positive subset in both populations. Universal hepatitis B vaccination has been a remarkable success, with a significant increase in immunity to HBV infection. The observation that HBV chronic carriage increases as immunity wanes over time calls into question whether the time has come to consider a pre‐adolescence vaccine booster dose policy. J. Med. Virol. 86:918–924, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>24615635</pmid><doi>10.1002/jmv.23910</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-0457</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult booster dose Carrier State - epidemiology Carrier State - prevention & control Child Child, Preschool chronic carriage Cross-Sectional Studies Epidemiology Female Hepatitis Hepatitis B - epidemiology Hepatitis B - prevention & control hepatitis B vaccine Hepatitis B Vaccines - administration & dosage Hepatitis B virus HIV Infections - complications Human immunodeficiency virus Humans immunity Immunization Infant Male Prevalence South Africa - epidemiology Vaccination - utilization Vaccines Virology Young Adult |
| title | Evidence for a change in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection after nearly two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in South Africa |
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