Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza viruses circulating in Korea, 2006

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are important causes of respiratory tract infections in young children. To characterize the molecular epidemiology of an HPIV outbreak occurring in Korea during 2006, genetic analysis of 269 cell culture isolates from HPIV‐infected children, was conducted using nested reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR). HPIV‐1 was detected in 70.3% of tested samples (189/269). The detection rate of HPIV‐2 and HPIV‐3 was 1.5% (4/269) and 9.3% (25/269), respectively. Mixed HPIV‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 infections were detected in 19.0% (51/269): HPIV‐1 and HPIV‐2 in 15, HPIV‐1 and HPIV‐3 in 26, HPIV‐2 and HPIV‐3 in 6, and HPIV‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 in 4. Of these positive samples for three different types HIPV‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, two each representative strains were selected, the full length of hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) gene for HPIV was amplified by RT‐PCR, and sequenced. Multiple alignment analysis, based on reference sequence of HPIV‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 strains available in GenBank, showed that the identity of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences was 92.4–97.6% and 92.7–97.9%, respectively, for HPIV‐1, 88.5–99.8% and 88.6–100% for HPIV‐2, and 96.3–99.5% and 95.0–99.3% for HPIV‐3, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HPIV‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 strains identified in this study were closely related among the strains in the same type with no significant genetic variability. These results show that HPIV of multiple imported sources was circulating in Korea. J. Med. Virol. 86:1041–1047, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.